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1

Stereotypy v kontextu

100%

Hnilica K., Bartoš Z.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2017

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vol. 11

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issue 2

16-33

EN

In the study we tested some hypotheses concerning the influence of a context on stereotypes. Our first hypothesis concerns explicit stereotypes. According to it Czech respondents will ascribe to their own category more positive attributes if a list of categories will include only Czech and Roma people than when it will include also some categories which are more positively evaluated than Czechs. The next hypothesis concerns implicit stereotypes. According to it when using IAT (Implicit Association Test; Greenwald et al., 1998), where there are compared two categories, we will ascertain a more profound difference between attitudes to Czech and Roma people than when we use BFP (Bona Fide Pipeline; Fazio et al., 1995), in which there is no such a comparison. Our next two hypotheses concern consensual stereotypes. According to one of them the content of a consensual stereotype will overlap with content of a no personal stereotype. According to the other, the valences of consensual stereotypes will be more polarized than the mean valences of personal stereotypes. The context will have similar influences on consensual and personal stereotypes. In our two researches there took part two samples (N1 = 86, N2 = 201) of adult members. To ascertain the content of explicit stereotypes we used an open-form technique. The first sample adduced attributes of members of two categories, the second sample adduced attributes of members of twelve categories. We define the consensual stereotype as a set of ten most often cited attributes. To measure implicit stereotypes, we used IAT and BFP. Results show that responses of the respondents were influenced by context in the directions expected. The content of no personal stereotype overlapped with the content of any consensual stereotype. The context had influence on both explicit and implicit measures. At the same time it was found that context had on personal and consensual stereotypes similar, but not identical influences.

CS

Ve studii jsme testovali několik hypotéz týkajících se vlivu kontextu na stereotypy. První z nich se týká explicitních stereotypů. Podle ní budou respondenti uvádět u Čechů příznivější atributy, bude-li seznam obsahovat pouze kategorie Čechů a Romů, než budou-li v něm rovněž některé kategorie, které jsou hodnoceny příznivěji než Češi. Další hypotéza se týkala vlivu kontextu na implicitní stereotypy. Podle ní bude při použití Testu implicitních asociací (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998), kdy dochází ke srovnávání dvou kategorií, zjištěn větší rozdíl mezi postoji k Čechům a k Romům než při použití techniky afektivního primingu BFP (Fazio et al., 1995), kdy ke srovnávání nedochází. Poslední dvě hypotézy se týkají konsenzuálních stereotypů. Podle první z nich se obsahy konsenzuálních stereotypů nebudou krýt s obsahem osobního stereotypu žádného respondenta, podle druhé budou valence konsenzuálních stereotypů více polarizované než průměrné valence osobních stereotypů. Kontext bude mít na konsenzuální stereotypy obdobné účinky jako na stereotypy osobní. Výzkumu se zúčastnily dva soubory (N1 = 86, N2 = 201) dospělých jedinců. K měření explicitních stereotypů jsme použili techniku otevřeného formátu. Jedna skupina uváděla atributy příslušníků dvou kategorií, druhá atributy příslušníků dvanácti kategorií. Konsenzuální stereotyp definujeme jako množinu deseti nejčastěji uvedených atributů. K měření implicitních postojů jsme použili Test implicitních asociací a techniku afektivního primingu BFP. Výsledky obou šetření v souladu hypotézami ukazují, že odpovědi respondentů jsou ovlivněny v očekávaném směru kontextem a že obsahu konsenzuálního stereotypu neodpovídal obsah osobního stereotypu žádného respondenta. Kontext se prosadil při použití explicitních i implicitních technik. Současně se ukázalo, že kontext má obdobné, ale ne identické účinky na osobní i na konsenzuální stereotypy.

2

Psát okem na zeď cely… Črta k vězeňské lyrice Václava Renče

80%

Wiendl J.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2019

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vol. 16

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issue 31

132-146

EN

This article presents an analysis of Václav Renč’s lyrical poetry from the period of his imprisonment by the Communist regime in 1951–1962. From Renč’s extensive collection of prison poems (including such lyrical-epic compositions as Cinderella of Nazareth, first published in book form in 1969; Prague Legend, 1974; and Loretan Light, 1992; as well as several poems collected in Meeting with the Minotaur, 1969) we take a look at the nineteen poems Renč included in an anthology of his works from 1941–1962 under the title Lark Tower (1970). To the section of lyrical texts from the years 1951–1962 the poet gave the title Without Echoes. In particular, the study focuses on how Renč’s lyrical poetry from the period of his imprisonment builds upon his previous critically acclaimed poetry, simultaneously aiming to address the question of what makes this work unique. The unique quality can be found in the formal precision of the texts, which represents the poet’s effort to maintain his moral integrity and identity while in prison, while at the same time, by virtue of carefully constructed allusions to the verses of certain poets with whom Renč had worked as a poet and translator before his imprisonment, strengthening his sense of inner freedom. A key starting point for the aesthetic composition of the prison poems is the combination of various expressive and often elementary contradictory motifs, perspectives or attitudes, a process typical of prison poetry in general. In Václav Renč’s poetry, this initial moment is re-envisioned on the principle of the so-called lyrical dichotomy, which, on the basis of subtle gradational and compositional techniques and intersections, connects distinctive opposites into subtle poetic images. However, this is not the expression of a selfcentered aesthetic game, but an attempt to articulate — and cope with — a new and exacting life situation. In this way, Václav Renč’s poetry, which had always been characterized by its compositional and figurative rigor, would later become more austere in its semantics, at the same time gaining in intensity, depth and reach.

3

Normalizace rusistiky na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Karlovy

80%

Glanc T.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2020

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vol. 17

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issue 35

105-121

EN

This study draws on archival documents to trace the concrete implementation of ‘normalisation processes’ in Czechoslovak society, research fields, and the university during the 1970s and 1980s, focusing on the field of Russian studies in the Charles University Faculty of Arts. What makes this case of particular interest is the story of a Russianist at Charles University who studied the languages and cultures of countries whose leadership had decided to send military forces to participate in the occupation of Czechoslovakia. Writing on events through her perspective (a student at the time), the author examines in particular the environment of the late 1980s. In terms of methodology, the study combines witness accounts with a more thorough and intensive approach to evaluating the impact of normalisation on the field before and after November 1989.

4

Národní park Šumava: Hruška vs. Stráský, dva rozhovory z března 2011

70%

Hořejší M. L.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

47-69

EN

The paper deals with the dispute about management of the Šumava National Park. The paper characterizes the discourse on the Šumava National Park on the basis of two interviews with the representatives of the contradictory positions. It analyzes the central topics, topoi and concepts by applying the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA). The paper focuses on the way how both interviewees construct their opponent, how they construct the attribute “human” and in which contexts they use pronouns “we” and “they”. The paper reveals that the way of displaying the past is crucial for the identification of both dominant narratives. The basic interdiscursive relations in which the discourse on the Šumava National Park is involved are also outlined.

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Stereotypy v kontextu

Psát okem na zeď cely… Črta k vězeňské lyrice Václava Renče

Normalizace rusistiky na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Karlovy

Národní park Šumava: Hruška vs. Stráský, dva rozhovory z března 2011