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EN
This article presents the story of the first French edition of Witold Gombrowicz’s Ferdydurke. The novel was published in October 1958 by the Julliard publishing house. The article is based on letters that Gombrowicz exchanged with Constantin Jelenski, a Polish essayist living in Paris and a great promoter of his work, as well as on Gombrowicz’s publishing-related correspondence with Maurice Nadeau, René Julliard and Pierre Javet. The article shows that Gombrowicz was a writer who paid great attention not only to the form of his works, but also to the way in which they reached the reader. Therefore, he attempted to influence, as much as possible, the manner in which his books would be published. He sought to establish a new way of presenting the writer to the reader that would fall outside the rules and conventions of world literature. The article shows why he succeeded in Poland and Argentina, but not in France, where he did not have followers.
Colloquia Litteraria
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2012
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vol. 12
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issue 1
161-170
PL
A discussion on publishing projects in the correspondence between Jerzy Giedroyc and Aleksander Wat   Having read a correspondence between Aleksander Wat and Jerzy Giedroyc from 1959–1967 (approximately 30 letters of each correspondent), the author notes that it concerns mainly professional issues, among others, Wat’s working in the post of the editor in Milan’s publishing house of Umberto Silva, who planned (the plans being carried out or not) to publish translations of books of Polish authors (among others, Noce i dnie by Maria Dąbrowska, Bolesław Chrobry by Gołubiew, Srebrne orły by Parnicki, Rodzinna Europa by Miłosz, Skrzydła ołtarza by Herling-Grudziński). An important topic – especially for Giedroyc – raised in these letters, is the picture of communism in the West, frequently wrongly interpreted there, and from the angle of this subject-matter Giedroyc organizes publishing plans in Literary Institute in Paris, among others he supports Wat in writing a book on a true facet of communist Russia – a collection Świat na haku i pod kluczem and Mój wiek [My Century], which were, however, to be published only after Wat’s death.
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EN
The article discusses the issue of the letter from the perspective of the cultural shift in theory and consists of two parts. The first is an attempt to identify the most important theoretical problems that the letter, as a genre, posed to literary theorists of subsequent methodological schools (formalism, structuralism, semiotics) of the 20th century, as well as key issues that, due to the complex ontology of the letter, were discussed in accordance with the latest theoretical approaches and interpretative practices of correspondence collections. The author proves that the letter is of a protean character, and the paradoxicality of the letter as a genre of literature is its ontological status. The second part of the work lists the existing and delineates the potential fields of interpretation of correspondence or individual letters from the perspective of a "disturbed" cultural theory, interested not so much in the ontology of the letter, but in its social and cultural meanings. The article looks in particular at the literary power of the letter and draws attention to the potential of the media-related approach to the letter, in which it is treated as a medium, one could ask, following the example of W.J.T. Mitchell, about the desire and agency of the letter, significantly changing the way of thinking about it in the area of ​​literary theory.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu omówienie zagadnienia listu z perspektywy kulturowego zwrotu w teorii i składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza jest próbą wskazania najważniejszych teoretycznych problemów, które list jako gatunek sprawiał teoretykom literatury kolejnych szkół metodologicznych (formalizm, strukturalizm, semiotyka) XX wieku oraz węzłowych zagadnień, które w związku ze skomplikowaną ontologią listu omawiano według najnowszych ujęć teoretycznych i w praktykach interpretacyjnych zbiorów korespondencji. Autorka dowodzi, że list ma charakter proteuszowy, a paradoksalność listu jako gatunku piśmiennictwa to jego ontologiczny status. Druga część pracy wymienia istniejące oraz wyznacza potencjalne pola interpretacji korespondencji czy pojedynczych listów z perspektywy „zmąconej”, kulturowej teorii, zainteresowanej nie tyle ontologią listu, co jego społecznymi, kulturowymi znaczeniami. Artykuł przygląda się szczególnie literaturotwórczej mocy listu oraz zwraca uwagę na potencjał medioznawczego ujęcia listu, w którym jest on traktowany jako medium, można by zapytać, biorąc za wzór W.J.T Mitchella, o pragnienie i sprawczość listu, zmieniając znacząco sposób myślenia o nim w obszarze teorii literatury.
PL
Stanisław Pigoń - Juliusz Wiktor Gomulicki The second part of the correspondence between professor Stanisław Pigoń and Juliusz Wiktor Gomulicki contains letters from 1949-1956. The earliest four letters were published in „CL” before. The whole collection contains 58 items; the letters deal primarily with the biography and writings of Cyprian Norwid.
PL
Eseje analizujące dwie najważniejsze relacje w życiu Józefa Czapskiego: z siostrą Marią i Ludwikiem Heringiem. Starsza siostra Maria (1894–1981) była powiernicą i przyjaciółką brata, dzieliła z nim twórcze i niezależne życie. Kosińska skupia się na znaczących wątkach jej biografii i na splocie z biografią duchową Józefa Czapskiego i jego kręgu. „Korespondencja Czapscy–Herbertowie jakże doskonale wydobywa zarówno istotę, jak i formę wspólnego życia Józefa i Marii. Tę formę, która wzbudza ciekawość wielu: jak to w ogóle było możliwe? Może jest tam coś nie-normalnego, nienaturalnego? Jakieś, za przeproszeniem, tabu? Czyż tak łatwo zapomnieliśmy, jak wiele odcieni bliskości może wydarzyć się w przestrzeni ludzkiej? Jak wiele form może przybrać agape, eros, caritas? Połączyła Józefa i Marię nie tylko równoległość drogi (ale co było najpierw? ich dziecięce lubienie czy wspólna droga?), od Pragi, przez Przyłuki, Petersburg, Warszawę, Kraków i Paryż, ale dogłębne porozumienie ludzkie i twórcze, co się oczywiście wiąże ze stylem życia”. Ludwik Hering (1908–1984) był malarzem, pisarzem, autorem koncepcji, reżyserem i scenografem Teatru na Tarczyńskiej i Teatru Osobnego. „Nazywany drożdżami życia artystycznego i intelektualnego w Polsce i nie tylko” – pisze Ludmiła Murawska-Péju, siostrzenica, malarka, edytorka listów Czapski–Hering. „Ale gdyby z całego dzieła Heringa – pisze Kosińska – miały zostać tylko listy do Czapskiego, to już byłoby dosyć. Mamy tu nie tylko ten kruszec wrażliwości, «bigosu realiów» (określenie L.H.), udręk, ujęty w tak celne i doskonałe obrazy, suspensy, dialogi, ale przede wszystkim operowanie ciszą. Kto wie, być może Hering jest jedynym z niewielu w literaturze polskiej, ale kto jeszcze, nie umiem teraz powiedzieć, który Norwidową sztukę za-prze-milczenia umiał, łącznie z typografią i interpunkcją, tak stosować, ale właśnie w formie całkowicie samoswojej – Heringowej”.
EN
Essays analysing two most important relationships in the life of Józef Czapski: with his sister, Maria, and Ludwik Hering. Józef Czapski’s older sister Maria (1894–1981) was a confidante and friend, who shared his creative and independent life. Agnieszka Kosińska focused on the significant motifs of Maria’s biography and its fusion with the spiritual biography of Józef Czapski and his circle. “The correspondence between the Czapskis and the Herberts perfectly extracts both the form and essence of the life shared by Józef and Maria. A form that stirred the curiosity of so many: how was this phenomenon possible? Perhaps it involved something abnormal and unnatural? Some sort of a taboo, begging your pardon? Have we forgotten so easily just how many shades of closeness can actually take place in human space? How many forms can be assumed by agape, eros, caritas? Józef and Maria were linked not only by their parallel paths (but what came first? their childhood affection or shared trail?) from Prague to Przyłuki, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Cracow and Paris, but also by a profound human and creative understanding, which, naturally, was associated with their lifestyle”. Ludwik Hering (1908–1984) was a painter, man of letters, author of conceptions, and director and stage designer of Teatr na Tarczyńskiej and Teatr Osobny. “Known as the leaven of artistic and intellectual life in Poland and not only” – wrote Ludmiła Murawska-Péju, his niece, painter, and editor of the Czapski–Hering correspondence. “Even if his letters to Czapski were to be the only remaining part of the entire Hering œuvre – Kosińska wrote – they would suffice. We are dealing not solely with a precious metal of sensitivity, a ‘hotchpot of reality’ (a term used by L.H.) and anguish, depicted in such perfect and accurate images, suspense and dialogues, but, first and foremost, with operating with silence. Who knows: quite possibly Hering was one of the very few men in Polish literature – although I cannot say who else there could have been – capable of applying Norwid’s art of passing over in silence, including typography and punctuation, in this fashion albeit in a totally individual, purely Heringian way”.
EN
This edition includes six previously unpublished letters to Stanisław Koniecpolski, Grand Crown Hetman, one of the most influential person in Poland during the reign of Władysław IV Waza. Presented letters are private, and that is why they stand out of the Hetman’s correspondence. Koniecpolski’s letters were mostly related to his official activities and the writings concerning his private affairs, family or business were to be found only exceptional among them. Modest size of this type of correspondence was probably result of damages caused by dispersal of lower officials and tenants, omissions in the official cartularies, or unavailability of documents for authors of silva rerum (kind of home chronicle). Preserved remains of the correspondence demonstrate the interest of Koniecpolski even in the finest details related to the economic management of his vast estates, his artistic bent and a network of social contacts; they also help to show Koniecpolski as a man with interests that went beyond military matters.
PL
Edycja obejmuje 6 niepublikowanych dotąd listów do hetmana wielkiego koronnego Stanisława Koniecpolskiego, jednego z najbardziej wpływowych ludzi Rzeczypospolitej w czasach panowania Władysława IV. Listy te, dotyczące spraw prywatnych Koniecpolskiego, wyróżniają się wśród korespondencji hetmana, w ogromnej większości związanej z jego działalnością urzędową; do wyjątków należą pisma tyczące się spraw prywatnych, rodzinnych lub gospodarczych. Skromne rozmiary tego typu korespondencji wynikają zapewne przede wszystkim ze zniszczeń, spowodowanych m.in. rozproszeniem przez niższych urzędników i dzierżawców, pomijaniem w oficjalnych kopiariuszach czy niedostępnością dla autorów szlacheckich sylw. Zachowane pozostałości świadczą jednak o zainteresowaniu Koniecpolskiego nawet najdrobniejszymi szczegółami gospodarczymi związanymi z zarządem jego rozległych dóbr, o jego zamiłowaniach artystycznych i sieci kontaktów towarzyskich; pomagają również ukazać hetmana jako człowieka o zainteresowaniach wykraczających poza sprawy wojskowe.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2013
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vol. 62
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issue 4
139 - 156
PL
Niniejszy rocznicowy tekst ma na celu ukazanie obrazu profesora Jana Szczepańskiego, jaki wyłania się z nadsyłanych do niego listów, przede wszystkim prywatnych. Korespondencja ta, znajdująca się w archiwum muzeum w Ustroniu, nie tylko pogłębia wizerunek wybitnego uczonego, lecz także uzupełnia wiedzę o jego nietuzinkowej osobowości. Dzięki temu możemy zdać sobie sprawę, w jak rozliczne inicjatywy społeczne był zaangażowany, a także jakim cieszył się poważaniem u przedstawicieli najróżniejszych środowisk. Wielość kierowanych do niego próśb i podziękowań bardziej niż o jego wpływach czy otwartości świadczy o rzeczywistych działaniach, których nie wahał się podejmować w imię sprawiedliwości i własnego ideału człowieka rzetelnego. Omawiane listy, obejmujące głównie lata 1979–1982 oraz 1989–2000, dotyczą m.in. sytuacji politycznej w Polsce na początku lat 80., wydawanych publikacji naukowych, wyjazdów zagranicznych, spraw związanych z działalnością różnych instytucji, bieżących zjawisk społecznych, wsparcia, jakiego udzielał Szczepański młodym naukowcom, a także jego publicznych wystąpień i funkcji. Wśród nadawców znajdziemy osoby ze świata nauki i kultury, duchownych katolickich i ewangelickich, polityków, działaczy społecznych, publicystów, ale również zwykłych ludzi, zwracających się do niego ze swoimi problemami. Wszyscy oni tworzą wielogłosową opowieść o Szczepańskim, która prezentuje go nie tylko jako socjologa przypisanego okresowi PRL-u; aktualnych wydaje się sporo jego koncepcji, bez wątpienia zaś za taki uznać można wyznawany przezeń etos.
EN
This anniversary text is meant to show the image of professor Jan Szczepański, which rise from the letters send to him, first of all the private ones. That correspondence, situated in the archive of museum in Ustroń, deepens our knowledge about him as a prominent scholar, but also reveals his extraordinary personality. We can realize in how various social initiatives he was engaged and how highly esteemed by the representatives of very different environments he was. The plurality of requests and thanks addressed to him more than about his influences or frankness tells us about real actions, which he did not hesitate to undertake in the name of justice and his own ideal of a reliable human. The letters presented in this sketch, including mainly the years 1979–1982 as well as 1989–2000, relate to i.a. political situation in Poland in early ‘80s, scientific publications, foreign departures, matters connected with the activity of different institutions, the current social phenomena, the support given to young scholars by the Professor, and also his public pronouncements and functions. Among the senders we can find people from the world of science or culture, catholic and evangelical clergymen, politicians, social activists, journalists, but also the common men, turning to him with their problems. They all create a polyphonic tale about Szczepański, which presents him not only as a sociologist attributed to the period of the Polish People’s Republic. A lot of his conceptions seems to be still topical, doubtlessly we can consider as such the ethos confessed by him.
PL
One of the most popular and widespread forms of public communication in Poland in the late Baroque, apart from the prolific private and public correspondence, were hand-written newspapers. The readers of those  papers were usually rich magnates, and also the city patriciate, who could afford to pay regular residents and informers. Through the magnate courts, news from the papers were disseminated and popularised among lower gentry and the people who were within the influence of the noble manor. Foreign news occupied much space in the hand-written papers. That clearly indicates keen interest of Polish readers of that time in the events in the “Theatrum Europaenum”. They appreciated the significance of intemational events and the mutual political and economic interdependence. Although news from the neighbouring states were preferred, one could also fmd among them some interesting details from England, France, the Netherlands, and even from the remote North America. The Baroque hand-written newspapers played the role of an important opinion-forming medium, influencing the views of the society at that time, particularly among the politically immature readers, for whom getting in touch with the wide world, open thanks to the newspapers, must have been a considerable experience. Considering the mentality of an average Polish nobleman at the tum of the 17th and 18th centuries, confmed to his everyday matters, whose diversion was a law suit against a neighbour at the tribunal, or a session of the regional landed gentry council, or rarely a trip to the Seym, one should notę what great influence could have been exerted on his psyche by written newspapers. Whereas in the case of  educated worldly people, involved in the political activities, the function of the notices was mainly informative, for the majority they were a nice distraction from their ordinary life. They quenched the provincial nobility’s thirst for knowledge, madę it possible to show off before a less  knowledgeable neighbour, or create an impression of “participation” in the actual event. The written newspapers satisfied the natural curiosity of the man of those times, they introduced him to the sphere of distant events, they enabled him to be amazed by the differences of culture and  behaviour of other nations, and sometimes to strengthen his conviction of the superiority of the Sarmatian culture. Only the maturę reader, drawing information from diverse sources - private and diplomatic correspondence, directly participating in the events - could correctly and critically evaluate the presented facts.
PL
Ein Brief des Laurentius Tari, Hofmeisters der Königin Barbara von Cilli, an Zbigniew von Brzezie, Marschall des Königreiches Polen, vom 13. Juni 1413ZusammenfassungDer hier erstmals veröffentlichte Brief stellt eines der wenigen bis heute erhaltenen Zeugnisse für Privatbriefe dar. Der Brief dokumentiert die engen Beziehungen zwischen Vertretern des mitteleuropäischen Adels im 15. Jahrhundert und hat sich im Bestand des ehemaligen Archivs der Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens erhalten (heute im Geheimen Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin-Dahlem, OBA Nr. 29049a). Bei dem Briefabsender handelte es sich um einen engen Vertrauten Kaiser Sigismunds und Hofmeister seiner Gattin Barbara von Cilli, den Gespan von Hont und Heves, Laurentius Tari († nach 1426). Der Empfänger war wiederum der Marschall des Königreiches Polen Zbigniew von Brzezie und Lanckorona († 1425), der zur nächsten Umgebung König Wladislaus’ Jagiello gehörte. Beide Korrespondenten zählten zur politischen Elite ihres jeweiligen Landes. Tari ist zudem als Pilger zu den bekanntesten europäischen Pilgerstätten bekannt. Er hielt sich 1411 nachweislich im irischen Purgatorium sancti Patrici auf, wo er seine dort erlebten Visionen schriftlich dokumentieren ließ; des weiteren bereitete er Pilgerreisen nach Santiago de Compostela (1408) und ins Heilige Land (1412) vor. Der Brief an Zbigniew von Brzezie wurde am 13. Juni 1413 in Udine, im italienischen Friaul, niedergeschrieben. In ihm empfahl Laurentius dem Empfänger einen gewissen Nikolaus gen. Altamont, der ihm vorher im ungarisch-venezianischen Krieg der Jahre 1412-1413, den der Waffenstillstand von Castelleto unterbrochen und zu dessen Zustandekommen der Aussteller beigetragen hatte, als Söldner diente. Das Schreiben hat den Empfänger wohl wegen des im September 1413 erfolgten Angriffs des Deutschen Ordens auf das Dobriner Land, dessen Starost Zbigniew 1411-1413 war, nie erreicht, und wurde daraufhin dem hochmeisterlichen Archiv auf der Marienburg einverleibt. A letter of Laurentius Tari, dapifer of Queen Barbara of Cilli, to Zbigniew of Brzezie, marshal of the Kingdom of Poland, dated 13 July 1413AbstractThe letter published here (from the collection of the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussisches Kulturbesitz in Berlinie-Dahlem OBA nr 29049a) is one of very few surviving examples of correspondence of Central-European elites of the 15th century. Laurentius Tari (d. 1426) was a close advisor of Sigismund of Luxemburg as the king of Hungary. The letter was written in Udine, in the Italian Friuli, shortly after the armistice of Castaletto, between Hungary and Venice. Laurentius recommended to Zbigniew the services of one Nicolaus called Altamont. The letter most probably did not reach its addressee because of the Teutonic Knights’ attack on the Land of Dobrzyń, of which Zbigniew was the starost at the time. That is why it found its way to the Teutonic Order’s archives.
EN
S.I. Witkiewicz’s correspondence with his wife, Jadwiga née Unrug comprises 1278 letters, postcards, picture postacards and telegrams, which were written from 21 March 1923 to 25 August 1939. This is an exceptional evidence of the complicated emotional bond of these two people, whose marriage suffered difficult moments, but still stood the test of time. It is also an invaluable source of information on Witkacy’s life and work and at the same time an authentic psychological document showing the unusual personality of man and artist. Preparation of the critical edition of the letters is an exceptionally complex task, performing of which can be metaphorically described as going through “the editor’s hell”. The author discusses the most varied difficulties (“circles of the hell”), which pile up before the editor of this correspondence.
PL
Degler Janusz, „Piekło edytora”, czyli o listach Witkacego do żony [“The Editor’sHell”, or on Witkacy’s Letters to His Wife]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 14. Poznań 2010, Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press, pp. 13-32. ISBN 978-83-232-2210-1. ISSN 1644-6763.S.I. Witkiewicz’s correspondence with his wife, Jadwiga née Unrug comprises 1278 letters, postcards,picture postacards and telegrams, which were written from 21 March 1923 to 25 August1939. This is an exceptional evidence of the complicated emotional bond of these two people,whose marriage suffered difficult moments, but still stood the test of time. It is also an invaluablesource of information on Witkacy’s life and work and at the same time an authentic psychologicaldocument showing the unusual personality of man and artist. Preparation of the critical edition ofthe letters is an exceptionally complex task, performing of which can be metaphorically describedas going through “the editor’s hell”. The author discusses the most varied difficulties (“circles ofthe hell”), which pile up before the editor of this correspondence.
EN
There are in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin original letters written by Poles to the government of the Duchy of Prussia; eight of them were written by Crown senators to Margrave George Frederick and Prussian councillors-general during the third interregnum (1586–1587). The subject of the article is the edition of the abovementioned letters and their presentation in the context of Polish-Prussian relations.
PL
W berlińskim Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz znajdują się oryginalne listy wysyłane przez Polaków do władz Prus Książęcych, a wśród nich osiem listów senatorów koronnych pisanych do margrabiego Jerzego Fryderyka oraz nadradców pruskich w czasie trzeciego bezkrólewia (1586–1587). Przedmiotem artykułu jest edycja wspomnianych listów oraz omówienie ich na tle stosunków polsko-pruskich.
EN
The article is editorial in character – it is a study proceeded with an introduction of 26 letters (mostly postcards) written by Jan Lemański to Stefan, Oktawia and Adaś Żeromski in 1904-1912. Two of these letters concerning Brzozowski’s attack on Miriam and “Chimera” (1094) and the transport of Słowacki’s body to the country (1910) were published before. The rest, depicting the daily life, private relations between Lemański and Żeromski family, and also Oktawia’s role as an intermediary in relations with her husband were not yet published. The whole collection is an interesting example of writers’ correspondence belonging to the Young Poland movement, who wrote not only about public matters of significant importance to the whole Polish culture of the time, but also touched upon personal and family matters.
EN
The article contains an editorial study of thirteen letters from the years 1899-1900, addressed to Henryk Sienkiewicz for the twenty-fifth anniversary of his literary activity. To celebrate the occasion, notes of congratulations, wishes, and sometimes even literary works, were sent to Sienkiewicz. Among the authors of these letters, one can identify artists, editors, or literary historians (Jan Styka, Julian Ochorowicz, Jan Piński, and Zygmunt Sarnecki, among others). The presented material is located in the Jagiellonian Library collection in Kraków (item code 6998 IV).
EN
Can correspondence from the 19th century have historical value? By specifying the thematic scope and quotations from letters exchanged between Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and Karol Estreicher for the years 1867–1886, I try to prove that this collection can be the subject of biographical, historical, bibliological and social communication research.
PL
Czy korespondencja z XIX wieku może mieć wartość historyczną? Poprzez określenie zakresu tematycznego oraz cytaty z listów wymienianych między Józefem Ignacym Kraszewskim a Karolem Estreicherem za lata 1867–1886 staram się udowodnić, że ta kolekcja może być przedmiotem badań biograficznych, historycznych, bibliologicznych i z zakresu komunikowania społecznego.
EN
The article recollects the letters of Józef Szymanowski to Aniela Szymanowska (née Świdzińska) , written in the years 1792–1801. The state of isolation seems to be an important perspective for understanding the nature of the correspondence. This could be discussed in many inter-connected aspects, each shedding light on the other. The separation and isolation of Szymanowski stem both from being in a situation of pressure, as well as from his own choice. At the same time, they do not become a reason behind the voluntary breaking off of ties, separation from loved ones, or an experience of social exclusion. Letter-writing is one of the coping mechanisms for the state of isolation in every-day existence. The first aspect of reviewing the letters is the state of separation of the correspondents, imposed by political events. The second one is connected to the progressing process of isolation, induced by the deteriorating health of Szymanowski. This has a significant bearing on the activity of the author, it forces him to undertake treatment and restrict personal contacts, it makes him unable to meet with others and determines his moods. Gradually, it forces him to take up letter-writing as a form of maintaining ties with his loved ones. The inability to write and, in some instances, dictation (which, to a great degree, removes the quality of intimacy), restricts the length of the letters. The third aspect is the attitude of separateness as a way of participating in life. We take into consideration the moral aspects and the patriotic stance, which determine the withdrawal, and the choosing of a role of an observer and commentator. Likewise, physical constitution causes remaining out of the spotlight (though in regular contact) to appear as a solution which can guarantee psychological comfort. Separateness is also an attitude resulting from the author’s personality, which was important in the documented period of his life. It is related to an inner need for independence. It also refers to the bond between the correspondents. The above-mentioned aspects of isolation, forced and chosen, have been utilised as a perspective for reading the correspondence of Szymanowski. They illustrate the methods and range of communicating via letters.
EN
The linguistic shape of the letters depends on the role that the writer plays when writing them to his wife. When he writes from distant Germany, Switzerland, and France, he is a traveler who wants to bring his beloved closer to his views and impressions, hoping to visit wonderful, unknown places together. When he rests in Nałęczów, he verifies or supplements known facts, events, landscapes, talks about new acquaintances, describes the lazily passing days recording even the smallest details. The letters written from the room next door are a language joke, an exercise for a hand hitting the keys of a typewriter. The epistolographic works described above are the best illustration of Stefania Skwarczyńska’s claim that the letter “is a phenomenon in its genesis most strongly associated not only with the person of the author, but also with the person of the addressee who, through his silent participation, grows to the dignity of a co-author”.
PL
Kształt językowy listów zależy od roli, w jaką wciela się pisarz, przesyłając listy żonie. Gdy pisze z dalekich Niemiec, Szwajcarii, Francji jest podróżnikiem, który pragnie ukochanej przybliżyć widoki i wrażenia, z nadzieją na wspólne ponowne odwiedziny cudownych, nieznanych miejsc. Gdy odpoczywa w Nałęczowie, weryfikuje lub uzupełnia znane fakty, zdarzenia, krajobrazy, opowiada o nowych znajomych, relacjonuje upływające leniwie dni, rejestrując nawet najdrobniejsze szczegóły. Listy pisane z pokoju obok są żartem językowym, ćwiczeniem dla niewprawnej dłoni uderzającej w klawisze maszyny do pisania. Opisane dzieła epistolograficzne są najlepszą ilustracją twierdzenia Stefanii Skwarczyńskiej, że list „to zjawisko związane najmocniej u swojej genezy nie tylko z osobą twórcy-autora, ale i z osobą adresata, który urasta przez swój niemy współudział do godności współautora”.
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