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1

Konserwacja obiektów sztuki sakralnej Kresów Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej

100%

Smaza J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2010

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issue 1-4

85-94

EN

The tumultuous history of World War II along with its political outcomes have not only lead to moving borders of the Republic of Poland, but also to losing a considerable part of its territory. The lands which were the source and the breeding ground for multicultural tangible and intangible values remained beyond the eastern border. While direct military activities did not lead to the destruction of many temples, the period of fratricidal combat, particularly in Volhynia, fuelled chiefly with hatred and anger, caused vast destruction. Another period was the rule of the Soviet authorities, whose main goals included fighting religion, as well as its entire tangible heritage. The forms and the intensity of fighting varied: temples were being closed, blown up or transformed into factories, power stations, prisons, bakeries, warehouses (usually for artificial fertilizers, oftentimes stored loose), mills, stables, department stores, gymnasiums, offices, apartments, concert halls, or museums of atheism and religion; this was connected with the removal of crosses, towers and domes. Frequently, reconstructions were so extensive that today it is very difficult to recognise that they were once sacred buildings. The furnishing of temples, which often was at the highest artistic level in the world, suffered the cruellest fate. Usually, it was barbarically removed and burnt. Immense geopolitical changes in East-Central Europe in the early 1990’s brought independence to many countries, which undertook a number of regulations enabling the return of temples to their rightful owners. This process, very vigorous in the first period, has almost ceased in recent years. Restoring fairly original appearance to the recovered temples required a huge sacrifice, and oftentimes heroism. First of all, protective, repair, and construction works had to be conducted, in many instances without adequate knowledge. The restoration of the sacred interior designs of the temples was done on a random basis. While the way of proceeding with the restorations was somewhat justified at the time, the activities in recent years, including among others, the inappropriate reconstruction of furnishing, have resulted in a loss of the last remaining values. They have been replaced with mediocrity and tackiness. Professional restoration works have been carried out only in few cases. The reasons for this are varied, on the one hand, among others, the lack of funds, the lack of adequate identification and the preparation of objects in such a vast territory, and on the other hand, the lack of partners. Presently, works on the appropriate professional level are being conducted almost in every scope and discipline at several dozen temples. They are carried out by highly experienced specialists from Polish schools. The works which have been conducted for the last 22 years in the 17th century collegiate church in Zhovkva, Ukraine, constitute one of such exceptions. They have been carried out by students and graduates of Polish schools: the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, as well as the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń at the faculty of conservation and restoration of sculpture and architectural structure, and occasionally conservation and restoration of painting, or historic textiles. The works have been conducted in various forms: as holiday internships (month long) or MA theses (in case of the Academy in Warsaw), and the most difficult conservation issues are solved by international committees of specialists and are rendered by certified conservators and restorers of works of art based on the contract for specific task (it has only been several years that this form has contributed to a significant acceleration of the state of completing the restoration of the temple), and also as a form of volunteer work. This last form of activity (increasingly popular) requires highly qualified specialists who undertake full responsibility for the conducted works. Moreover, specific regulations exist which pertain to carrying out restoration works on historical monuments. The assistance, especially financial, of the Department of National Heritage, existing as a part of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, or the Centre of Polish Cultural Heritage Abroad at the Association “Polish Community”, as well as the Senate of the Republic of Poland and various foundations, has decidedly increased the number of works rendered on the highest professional level in the world serving the preservation of heritage of the eastern borderlands. It is, regrettably, still “a drop in the ocean”.

2

Pogranicza jako przestrzenie… konfliktów: zło konieczne?

100%

Stanisz M., Uliasz S.

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2017

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vol. 12

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issue 7

11-19

EN

Presented article is an introduction to the discussion devoted to literary representations of borderland conflicts. Borderland understood as an imagined sphere of confrontation between various interests and social groups is presented in literature not only as space of peaceful coexistence of diverse communities and varieties but also as the domain of conflict and confrontation of social groups and individuals. It seems that so far the images of borderland conflicts have not been sufficiently reflected in literature studies. This article is an attempt to systematize detailed issues connected with these problems.

3

„Na Ukrainie za owych dobrych czasów” – „Przed laty. Powieść ukraińska” Paulina Święcickiego

89%

Mazur A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria

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2020

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vol. 20

209-221

RU

The forgotten work and life of Paulin Święcicki (1841–1876), a writer from Kiev region and active in Galicia, represents a rare, authentic example of Polish‑Ukrainian cultural border. His debut work entitled 'Przed laty. Powieść ukraińska' (1865), despite being an artistic failure, is an interesting link between the heritage of the Romantic 'Ukrainian School' and the historical vision of Polish Borderlands in With fire and sword by Henryk Sienkiewicz. The creation of the 17th‑century reality of Ukrainian grasslands (noble, rural and Cossack existence), battle scenes (fights against the Tatars), romantic‑melodramatic plot – these are all adapted to a unique Ukrainian (not Polish‑centred) perspective. Święcicki’s ‘ukrainism’ is a portrait of Cossack heroism, a picture of enslaving the Ukrainian nation, and a picturesque description of local stories. The eclectic character of the work, which is nostalgically contemplative and in romantic style, as well as journalistically engaged, has an impact on its incoherence, but also makes it original against the background of the Sarmatian‑borderland fiction of those days.

EN

The forgotten work and life of Paulin Święcicki (1841–1876), a writer from Kiev region and active in Galicia, represents a rare, authentic example of Polish‑Ukrainian cultural border. His debut work entitled 'Przed laty. Powieść ukraińska' (1865), despite being an artistic failure, is an interesting link between the heritage of the Romantic 'Ukrainian School' and the historical vision of Polish Borderlands in With fire and sword by Henryk Sienkiewicz. The creation of the 17th‑century reality of Ukrainian grasslands (noble, rural and Cossack existence), battle scenes (fights against the Tatars), romantic‑melodramatic plot – these are all adapted to a unique Ukrainian (not Polish‑centred) perspective. Święcicki’s ‘ukrainism’ is a portrait of Cossack heroism, a picture of enslaving the Ukrainian nation, and a picturesque description of local stories. The eclectic character of the work, which is nostalgically contemplative and in romantic style, as well as journalistically engaged, has an impact on its incoherence, but also makes it original against the background of the Sarmatian‑borderland fiction of those days.

4

Kościół św. Jana Bosko w Kurhanie 1934-1945. Historia pierwszego w Polsce kościoła ku czci założyciela księży salezjanów

88%

Kalisz Ł.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

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2018

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vol. 39

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issue 1

171-180

EN

The article describes the history of establishing the first St John Bosco’s church in Poland in Kurhan. The emerging parish of Kurhan was a branch of the Vilnius Salesian center in Dobrej Rady Street. The church was built and consecrated in 1935 and it existed until the end of World War II. After the war it was sovietized and Salesians have never returned to it. The author depicts some hitherto unknown facts, having arranged residual information connected with the Kurhan farm. He also visited the place where the church in Kurhan (Belarus) was situated and described the material remains that survived in this area.

PL

Artykuł opisuje historię powstania pierwszego w Polsce kościoła pod wezwaniem św. Jana Bosko w Kurhanie. Tworząca się parafia w Kurhanie była filią wileńskiego ośrodka salezjanów przy ul. Dobrej Rady. Wybudowany i poświęcony w 1935 roku kościół istniał do zakończenia II wojny światowej, następnie uległ sowietyzacji i salezjanie już nigdy do niego nie powrócili. Autor opisał nieznane dotąd fakty, gdyż ułożył w całość szczątkowe informacje dotyczące folwarku Kurhan. Autor odwiedził również miejsce po kościele w Kurhanie (Białoruś) i opisał zastane tam pozostałości materialne.

5

Okoliczności powstania Niższego Seminarium Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Reginowie w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej

88%

Kalisz Ł.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

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2017

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vol. 38

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issue 1

175-187

PL

W artykule autor przedstawia okoliczności powstania Niższego Seminarium Duchownego Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Reginowie nad rzeką Szczarą. Okres działalności salezjanów na tym terenie przypada na lata 30-te XX wieku. Autor opisał szczegółowo historię dworu w Reginowie oraz nakreślił powiązania rodzinne darczyńców – rodu Balińskich i Jundziłłów. Seminarium Misyjne, które rozpoczęło kształcenie chłopców w 1937 roku, istniało jedynie dwa lata i zakończyło swoją działalność wraz z wybuchem II wojny światowej. Po zakończonych działaniach wojennych salezjanie już nigdy tam nie powrócili, a Reginów został wcielony do Białoruskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej (obecnie Republika Białoruś).

EN

In the article the author outlines a history of the Salesian Minor Seminary of Don Bosco in Reginów by the Szczara River. The period of Salesian activity in this region covers the 1930s of the twentieth century. The author described in detail the history of the manor house in Reginów and family connections of the donors – families of Baliński and Jundziłło. The Missionary Seminary, which commenced education of boys in 1937, existed only for two years and closed its activity with the outbreak of World War II. After the war, Salesians never returned there, while Reginów was incorporated into Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Republic of Belarus).

6

Trzy Wschody

75%

Krupa B.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

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2018

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issue 8

155-172

EN

The starting point of the sketch is a place on the symbolic map of Eastern Europe – the castle in Zbaraż. From the Polish myth of defending the fortress against the Khmelnytsky army in 1649, I move on to a description of the controversy that is still awakened by Henryk Sienkiewicz’s Ogniem i mieczem [Fire and Sword], first and foremost in the description of social relations. The same events and areas were also described in the works by Jewish (Agnon, Singer) and Ukrainian (Shevchenko) writers. Referring to their works and the work of historians – Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian, I try to show that the East is not a homogeneous concept and still raises numerous animosities and disputes, based on simplifications, stereotypes and mutual national antagonisms that pose a challenge to education based on multiculturalism.

PL

Punktem wyjścia szkicu jest punkt na symbolicznej mapie Europy Wschodniej – zamek w Zbarażu. Od narodowego mitu obrony twierdzy przed wojskami Chmielnickiego w 1649 roku przechodzę do opisu kontrowersji, które budzi do dzisiaj Ogniem i mieczem Henryka Sienkiewicza, przede wszystkim w kwestii opisu relacji społecznych. Te same wydarzenia i tereny opisywali w swej twórczości również pisarze żydowscy (Agnon, Singer) oraz ukraińscy (Szewczenko). Odwołując się do ich utworów oraz prac historyków – polskich, żydowskich i ukraińskich, staram się pokazać, że Wschód nie jest pojęciem jednorodnym i do dziś budzi rozliczne animozje i spory, oparty na uproszczeniach, stereotypach i wzajemnych antagonizmach narodowych, które stanowią wyzwanie dla edukacji opartej na wielokulturowości.

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2 Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

1 Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria

1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Polonistyka. Innowacje

1 Tematy i Konteksty

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