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PL
Wykorzystując założenia definicji kognitywnej, autorka rekonstruuje obraz pierwszej fazy widoczności księżyca – nowiu – w języku i w kulturze ludowej. Komponenty składające się na stereotyp nowiu układają się w konfiguracje aspektów (faset, kategorii semantycznych) takich, jak: nazwy, wygląd, atrybuty przedmiotowe, zachowania werbalne wobec księżyca na nowiu, zachowania niewerbalne, działania sprawcze nowiu, tło czasowe, lokalizacja, przepowiednie. Dobór i układ kategorii semantycznych stanowi o modelu kognitywnym pojęcia.
EN
Using the premises of the cognitive definition, the author reconstructs the image of the first lunar phase, i.e. the new moon [Pol. nów], in language and folk culture. The components that build the stereotype of new moon are arranged into a configuration of aspects (facets, semantic categories) such as: names, object’s attributes, verbal behaviours towards the moon in the first lunar phase, non-verbal behaviours, the agency of the new moon, the temporal background, the location, and forecasts. The selection and the arrangement of semantic categories determine the cognitive model of a concept.
Vox Patrum
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2018
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vol. 69
735-753
EN
The present article proves that Augustine, explaining in Enarrationes in Psal­mos the texts of Psalms, does not treat references occurig in them, to the moon merely as a part of the descriptions of beauty of the created world, but tries to perceive in it a hidden meaning, the disclosure of which serves the interpreation of different theological questions. For the bishop of Hippo, the moon is a meta­phor of God the Creator, of Christ, of the Church and of the human being. With reference to God the Creator, the moon is to remind Christians, that God creating everything as being good and beautiful, He himself is the Good and the Beauty. Furthermore, the motive of the moon is to point to God’s self-sufficiency, his freedom and independence. The moon as metaphor of Christ, in turn, allows to perceive in Him the true God who, through the event of Incarnation, revealed to the human being the eternal plan of salvation. The ecclesiological dimension of the symbolism of the moon, however, introduces the concept of the beginnings of the Church, points out to its persecutions and to the presence of sinful people in it. What’s more, the moon-Church is the mystical Body of Christ and Christi s its Head. It is, furthermore, a Glorious Church that will be reigning with Christ for ever. Through the antropological dimension of the figure of the moon, Augustine exposes to the listeners of his sermons the truth about human fragility, corporality and mortality, moral inconstancy and a necessity for gaining more and more per­fection with the suport of the Holy Spirit. The moon is salso to direct the human thinking at the truth of resurrection.
RU
Вiялета Нiкiцюк-Пэркоўска - Беласток
PL
Białoruska poetka emigracyjna Natalia Arsienniewa znana jest w literaturze przede wszystkim jako „miłośniczka rodzimej przyrody”, „poetka jesieni”. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na jeszcze jeden istotny fakt, mianowicie na to, że Arsienniewa to także „poetka pory wieczorowej”, nadzwyczajna „malarka nocy”. Zafascynowanie nocnym pejzażem jest widoczne już w jej pierwszych wierszach i nie gaśnie wraz z upływem lat. Noc Arsienniewej, w odróżnieniu od tradycyjnego jej ukazania, nie jest ciemna i mroczna, wręcz przeciwnie, zachwyca swym pięknem i wielobarwnością. Nieodłącznymi elementami nocnego krajobrazu poetki są księżyc i gwiazdy. Ponadto noc dla Arsienniewej to czas refleksji, przemyśleń, marzeń.
EN
In literature Belarusian emigrant poetess Natalya Arseneva is famous for her love to native nature and autumn. The article discusses another crucial fact – Arseneva is a poetess of evening and night. Her fascination with night landscape observed in her first poems can be found in her entire creation process. Arseneva’s night is neither dark nor gloomy. On the contrary, the night excites by its beauty and multicolor. The moon and stars are an inseparable element of the night landscape. For Arseneva night is the time of reflection and dreams.
PL
W prezentowanym artykule autor zajmuje się perykopami z warstwy kapłańskiej Pięcioksięgu, w których pojawiają się wzmianki o święcie nowiu księżyca. W pierwszym punkcie podkreśla związki słownictwa hebrajskiego z innymi językami semickimi w kwestii nazewnictwa tegoż święta. Dyskusyjną sprawą jest bowiem tłumaczenie Kpł 23,23–25, w której to perykopie część egzegetów dopatruje się nie święta nowiu księżyca, lecz święta Nowego Roku. Autor przedstawia własną propozycję tłumaczenia tego spornego fragmentu. Dodatkowo zajmuje się problemem hebrajskiego wyrażenia תְּרוּעָה , które pozostawia pewną dowolność interpretacyjną co do sposobu celebracji tego świątecznego dnia. Punktem wyjścia w prezentowanej analizie jest próba nakreślenia trudności związanych z umieszczeniem badanych fragmentów w którejś z warstw. Autor ma zamiar przedstawić propozycje składane przez egzegetów i nie rości sobie prawa do rozsądzania w kwestiach spornych. Punktem zasadniczym jest analiza wymienionych w tytule fragmentów, które autor bada również w odniesieniu do tekstów biblijnych pochodzących z innej warstwy (Deuteronomista) bądź świadectw pozabiblijnych.
EN
In the present article the author deals with pericopes from the priestly layer in the Pentateuch, which include references concerning the New Moon Festival. In the first point of this article, the author underlines connections of Hebrew words with other Semitics languages in terms of naming this feast. The controversial issue is the translation of Lev. 23:23–25, in which many scholars see not the New Moon Festival, but the New Year Festival. The author sets himself the task, using synchronous methods of work on the biblical text, to present his translation proposal of this disputed fragment. Also, he deals with the problem of the Hebrew expression תְּרוּעָה , which leaves some interpretative freedom as to how to celebrate this festive day. An important point in the presented analysis is an attempt to outline the difficulties associated with placing the examined fragments in one of the layers. However, the author does not intend to solve this issue. In his last point, the author analyzes the fragments mentioned in the title, often juxtaposing them with each other or referring to biblical texts that come from a different layer (Deuteronomist) or extra-biblical testimonies.
EN
Sir 42:15–43:33 constitutes a hymn celebrating the Creator and his creations. There the sage expresses his fascination with the created world, which stands as a testimony to God’s greatness, might and beauty. In the passage 43:1-10 Sirach depicts the sky and its celestial bodies: the sun, moon and stars, focusing primarily on their extraordinary greatness and beauty. When the Greek version of the text is read more carefully, however, it is clear that the section mentions also the harmony and order of the universe, which are manifestations of God’s wisdom. The depictions of the moon (43:6-8) and the stars (43:9-10) express these truths explicitly. In the poetic descriptions of the firmament (43:1) and the sun (43:2-5), however, they are conveyed implicitly, through the meaning of words such as e.g. stereōma, and in the functions assigned to the heavenly bodies by God.
PL
Syr 42,15 – 43,33 jest hymnem na cześć Stwórcy i Jego dzieła. Mędrzec wyraża w nim zachwyt nad stworzonym światem, który jest świadectwem wielkości, wszechmocy i piękna Boga. W 43,1-10 Syrach opisuje nieboskłon i ciała niebieskie (słońce, księżyc i gwiazdy). Tekst ten wyraża przede wszystkim ich niezwykłą wielkość i piękno. Jednak gdy wczytamy się dokładnie i wnikniemy głębiej w jego grecką wersję, to odkryjemy, że mówi on również o harmonii i ładzie w makrokosmosie, które z kolei świadczą o mądrości Stwórcy. Prezentacja księżyca (43,6-8) i gwiazd (43,9-10) wyraża wprost (explicite) powyższe prawdy. Natomiast w poetyckiej prezentacji firmamentu (43,1) i słońca (43,2-5) zawarte są one implicite, tzn. w znaczeniu słów takich, jak np. stereōma, oraz w zadaniach (funkcjach w świecie) przypisanych im przez Boga.
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2017
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vol. 7
|
issue 1
5-48
EN
Sir 43:1-12 constitutes the first section of the major part of the hymn celebrating the Creator (42:15–43:33). It is a poetic commentary on the fourth day of creation as depicted in the Book of Genesis (Gen 1:14-19). In his depiction of the firmament, sun, moon, stars and rainbow, Sirach emphasizes their beauty in a manner unparalleled in the whole Bible. This does not serve cosmological aims (the sage’s motive is not the transmission of knowledge about the structure and functioning of the cosmos – celestial bodies) but has clear theological precepts and message. The pericope’s aim is to present and glorify God as the Creator. The firmament, celestial bodies and rainbow are tools through which the sage conveys knowledge of God’s might, greatness, wisdom and beauty. All of these entities derive from God (cf. 43:33) and lead to him. Sir 43:1-12 has a clear polemical character, visible in questioning the beliefs of other cultures and religions – which posited celestial bodies as deities or realities that could exert substantial influence on human beings (astrology) – or of some Jewish groups which did not use lunar calendar.
PL
Sir 43:1-12 constitutes the first section of the major part of the hymn celebrating the Creator (42:15 – 43:33). It is a poetic commentary on the fourth day of creation as depicted in the Book of Genesis (Gen 1:14-19). In his depiction of the firmament, sun, moon, stars and rainbow, Sirach emphasizes their beauty in a manner unparalleled in the whole Bible. This does not serve cosmological aims (the sage’s motive is not the transmission of knowledge about the structure and functioning of the cosmos – celestial bodies) but has clear theological precepts and message. The pericope’s aim is to present and glorify God as the Creator. The firmament, celestial bodies and rainbow are tools through which the sage conveys knowledge of God’s might, greatness, wisdom and beauty. All of these entities derive from God (cf. 43:33) and lead to him. Sir 43:1-12 has a clear polemical character, visible in questioning the beliefs of other cultures and religions – which posited celestial bodies as deities or realities that could exert substantial influence on human beings (astrology) – or of some Jewish groups which did not use lunar calendar. 
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