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1

O przynależności kulturowej materiałów z osady na stanowisku 1 w Biskupicach, pow. sieradzki, woj. łódzkie

100%

Muzolf P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2018

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issue 33

33-53

EN

The settlement in Biskupice is located on the left bank of the Warta river, about 7 km north of Sieradz. It is a headland elevated about 10 m above the valley floor, and limited to the west and north by a drainage valley (Fig. 1). The first excavations in Biskupice were carried out in 1954 in the area of two small trenches. There was recorded a blackening of soil of considerable size, now defined as feature 1 (Fig. 2, 3). No subsequent materials were obtained until 2010, when a storage pit with a pear-shaped profile was discovered – feature 2. During the field studies, a total of 374 fragments of ceramic vessels and 655 animal bones were acquired. The collection from Biskupice included vessels decorated with the use of a single, all-round plastic strip (Fig. 4: 1–3, 6, 8, 9; 5: 2, 4; 6: 3–6; 8: 1, 3, 4) as well as a double one (Fig. 6: 5; 8: 4); a single strip decorated with finger impressions was also recorded. Two types of knobs were discovered: 1 – oval/round (Fig. 7: 2, 8), and longitudinal (Fig. 4: 4; 5: 1; 6: 7; 7: 7). The finds characterised by the imprint technique included the “textile ornament” combined with the motif of a single all-round strip with finger impressions. Vessels with rims of A type – non-thickened prevail, thickened rims (type B) and thinned (type C) were sporadically noted. The main form of containers in Biskupice were pots of G111 variant with two types: G111a with almost cylindrical rim (Fig. 4: 3, 9; 5: 2; 6: 5; 8: 2) and G111b with rim turned outside (Fig. 4: 1, 2, 6, 8; 5: 1, 4; 6: 4; 8: 1). Their ornamentation includes single, as well as double smooth all-round strip with finger impressions and knobs. Other finds included vases with conical necks/rims, decorated with knobs (Fig. 4: 4; 5: 7; 6: 10) and an amphora (Fig. 6: 1). The list of forms is complemented with mugs and bowls in the hemispherical variation M1 (Fig. 5: 5, 6; 6: 2; 7: 7) and profiled M3 (Fig. 7: 1). There were distinguished two stylistic groups. One was assigned to the Trzciniec culture and it was represented by complexes of HT3–HT4 type in Kuyavia. The other group contained vessels decorated with a textile ornament, as well as a single strip decorated with fingernail impressions. Due to the tectonics, these vessels were included to the Mad’arovce- Věteřov-Únětice circle (generally, the Older Únětice circle). On the basis of the existing elements among the ceramic forms, the duration of the settlement in Biskupice falls between the end BrA2 and the 1st half of BrB2, which is dated to 1750–1450 BC. However, taking into account the result of 14C, the duration of the settlement in Biskupice should be located in the years 1750–1600 BC and it should be clearly attributed to the population of the Trzciniec culture, in whose vicinity the materials originating from the Older Únětice circle were recorded. Moreover, which is perhaps the most important matter, the coexistence of materials with such a different cultural provenance suggests a possibility of the existence of a syncretic cultural Trzciniec-Older Únětice group in Biskupice (or in its region).

PL

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2

Osada kultury trzcinieckiej ze stanowiska 52 w Obierwi na terenie Puszczy Kurpiowskiej

100%

Borkowski W.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2018

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vol. LXIX

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issue 69

180-187

EN

A number of sites associated with the Trzciniec Culture, including site 52 at Obierwia, were discovered during fieldwalking in this region in 1984. The sites were situated in the dune belt on the northern flood terrace of the Omulew River. The sites at Obierwia are located almost in the middle of the current Kurpiowska Forest. The area of the Kurpiowska Plain was originally shaped as a result of the Middle Polish Glaciation (the Wartanian stage). It was then transformed during the Baltic Glaciation, when a large outwash plain with elements of earlier moraines, later interspersed with parallel valleys of medium-sized rivers and a network of smaller watercourses and bog-like oxbow lakes, was formed (Fig. 1). An exploratory survey at Obierwia was carried out in October 2000 (Fig. 2). Two trenches oriented along N-S and W-E axes and intersecting at the culmination of the elevation were established. The exploration did not uncover a cultural layer, however, numerous archaeological pit-like features were discovered (Fig. 3). 16 flint products including three tools and a fragment of a smoothed stone tool were found in the course of the excavation. Seven flint products bear signs of use or further processing (Fig. 4). Most attest that the splintering technique was used. The most interesting product was made from a splinter and retouched on one of the side edges. Based on the burnishing of the retouched edge, this artefact should be included in the category of inserts, which, next to arrowheads, constitute the most characteristic tools from the Early Bronze Age. Among 1156 fragments of pottery, there were 20 rim sherds, including two with an ornament in the form of horizontal appliqué bands, and five with holes or indentations under the rim. Most of the fragments come from the vessels of the Trzciniec Culture described by A. Gardawski as type 5 – vessels with a “tulip-shaped neck and rim, most often with a mortar-shaped body” and with a row of holes under the rim and a horizontal appliqué band. In the Younger Subboreal (Early and Middle Bronze Age), the continental, dry and warm climate prevailed in the area of the Kurpiowska Forest. Sandy soils desiccated due to the smaller amount of precipitation, and with the lowering level of the groundwater the oxbows and lakes dried out and were overgrown. The human groups of the Early Bronze Age, who penetrated into the Kurpiowska Plain in relatively high numbers, could not employ the agricultural model of economy. Based on the traces of their stay observed during the course of fieldwalking and rare excavations, it appears that they preferred the same settlement conditions as their Mesolithic and Paraneolithic predecessors. It is assumed that the Early Bronze Age settlement in Mazovia began in the first half of the second millennium BC. The settlements of the Trzciniec culture from that period appear almost exclusively in the dune belts in the valley of the Narew River, near the mouths of the Omulew, Rozoga and Szkwa Rivers, while the camps are registered in the upper parts of the river valleys. Hunting and gathering played the leading role in the economy of the groups that settled at the edge of and within the forest.

3

Sztylet brązowy z południowego Mazowsza

100%

Karczmarek Ł.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2011

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vol. LXII

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issue 62

227-229

EN

The bronze dagger blade in the collection of the State Archaeological Museum was discovered at an unknown locality north of Dęblin. It belongs in the group of daggers with a rounded hilt-plate with two rivets and a half-round sectioned mid-rib on the blade, but differs by having a visibly attenuated upper end, which gives it a more slender shape. Slightly dented areas discernible around the rivet holes could be marks left by the hammering of the rivets. At the hilt end the rib is flattened; the lighter colour and insubstantially worn surface of this suggest that the dagger originally had an organic haft. The dagger of interest is closes in its outlook to the find from Parlin, distr. Świecie. Also close in their form and dimensions are dagger finds from Łuszczewo, distr. Konin, and the vicinity of Środa Wielkopolska, distr. loco. Similar but larger daggers are known from Glinienko, distr. Poznań, and Bydgoszcz, distr. loco. Some similarity is shown also by dagger finds from Gryfino, distr. loco, and Szczecin-Zdroje, distr. loco. A slender blade, like in the dagger from the Dęblin region, is seen in a slightly longer dagger, with four rivet holes, from Kotłowo, distr. Koszalin, belonging to a hoard dated to BA III; it may be possible to push back the dating of this deposit to BA II. Further analogies, represented by daggers which are similar in size and the from of their hilt end, but are lozengic in cross-section, include a specimen from Wiechowice, distr. Głubczyce. Daggers with a semicircular rib and a rounded hilt end, but without a metal grip, are characteristic for Tumulus Cultures and dated broadly to BA II. The dagger blade from the Dęblin region would be the easternmost find of its type, discovered in an area settled during the older Bronze Age by the people of Trzciniec Culture, where it is certain to be an import from the territory of Tumulus Culture.

4

Osadnictwo neolityczne i wczesnobrązowe w okolicy Tomin, pow. opatowski

80%

Miecznikowski Z., Sałaciński S., Sałacińska B.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2013

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vol. LXIV

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issue 64

97-136

EN

Site 5 at Tominy lies to the north of the Sandomierz Highland (Fig. 1) on the south-eastern edge of the Foreland of Iłża (J. Kondracki 2002, fig. 38; M. Szeliga, A. Zakościelna 2009, p. 9), on an elevation built of glacial sands and boulder clay (Fig. 2). Traces of occupation were identified at 178–184 m ASL. In the immediate vicinity of the site are found carbonate rocks of Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian and Oxfordian) age. Discovered by Janusz Budziszewski in 1982 the site was investigated by test trenches in 2004 (Aleksandra Sujecka and Józef Bednarczyk) and attributed to the Funnel Beaker Culture. In 2006 it came under an area excavation (Zbigniew Miecznikowski and Sławomir Sałaciński; Fig. 3, 4). Also investigated that year were nearby sites 6 and 17 at Tominy with a multi-phase culture deposit (Marcin Szeliga, Anna Zakościelna, Tadeusz Wiśniewski). The main aim of the archaeological excavation made at Tominy 5 was to salvage the area’s archaeology before it came under development associated with the construction of a ring road for Ożarów. A total of 10000 m2 were investigated, identifying 127 archaeological features (Fig. 5, 9–17). The earliest occupation is documented by flint and pottery finds datable to the Early Neolithic attributed to Linear Pottery Cultures. This is material analogical to the one excavated at Tominy 6, published by M. Szeliga and A. Zakościelna (2009), the site of a Linear Band Pottery Culture settlement from its Musical Note Pottery phase and from the stage transitional to Želiezovce Phase. Some of the finds from Tominy 6 suggest strong links with the circle of eastern Linear Band Pottery Cultures from the Slovak-Hungarian border zone, manifested by pottery ornamentation styles and objects made of Carpathian obsidian (M. Szeliga, A. Zakościelna 2009, p. 14). Later occupation during the Neolithic is documented by a fragment of a Funnel Beaker Culture settlement, and later still, by a small number of features attributed to the Early Bronze Mierzanowice Culture, and traces of occupation by the people of Trzciniec Culture and Lusatian Culture. The assemblage recovered at Tominy 5 is dominated by pottery (Fig. 33–41) and flint artifacts (Fig. 20–32, Table 1–3) of the Funnel Beaker Culture. A more outstanding archaeological feature (No. 23) associated with this culture had a sub-rectangular plan, 100×150 m at the level of detection, and a depth of 100 cm (Fig. 6–8). It yielded a funnel beaker, a pottery fragment, an amphora, a clay spindlewhorl and flint flakes. Other Funnel Beaker Culture features (e.g., Nos. 53, 54, 90–93) are typical household pits, often recorded in settlements of this culture. The settlement identified at Tominy 5 belongs to the south-eastern group of Funnel Beaker Culture which resided in the region between 3900/3800 and 2900/2800 BC (P. Włodarczak 2006, p. 57–59; A. Uzarowicz-Chmielewska, B. Sałacińska 2013, p. 232). An even more outstanding feature was No. 68 (Fig. 18, 19). It appeared in plan as a concentration of brown-yellow clay interspersed with limestone rubble and broken flint nodules. At the level of detection it had a width of 280 cm and a depth of 260 cm. Because of the shape of its cross-section and the presence of limestone and flint rubble in its fill the feature was interpreted tentatively as a pit left behind from flint extraction. Evidence on shaft mining of siliceous rocks during the Early Bronze Age was identified at nearby Ożarów and Gliniany by Stefan Krukowski (1890–1982) and an investigation was made in early 1980s by J. Budziszewski (1980, p. 601–605; 2008, p. 34, 36). Other features of similar description identified at Tominy 5 (Nos. 39, 45, 78 and 79) were much less well preserved. By J. Budziszewski (Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw) feature no. 68 is interpreted tentatively as a natural, karstic, formation. This view has been supported by the geomorphologist Piotr Szwarczewski (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies), presumably a karstic funnel-shaped sink hole. The fieldwork at Tominy has brought in new data on the prehistoric settlement in the foreland of the Sandomierz Highland. The post-excavation analysis of the archaeological record from site 5 is also a complement to other published assemblages from the Ożarów ring road.

5

Bilans prac wykopaliskowych w Polsce w latach 1945-1949

41%

Żaki A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1950

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issue 2-3

73-84, 181, 183-184

RU

s. 181

FR

s. 183-184

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3 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

1 Ochrona Zabytków

2 2018

1 2013

1 2011

1 1950

1 Borkowski W.

1 Karczmarek Ł.

1 Miecznikowski Z.

1 Muzolf P.

1 Sałacińska B.

1 Sałaciński S.

1 Żaki A.

O przynależności kulturowej materiałów z osady na stanowisku 1 w Biskupicach, pow. sieradzki, woj. łódzkie

Osada kultury trzcinieckiej ze stanowiska 52 w Obierwi na terenie Puszczy Kurpiowskiej

Sztylet brązowy z południowego Mazowsza

Osadnictwo neolityczne i wczesnobrązowe w okolicy Tomin, pow. opatowski

Bilans prac wykopaliskowych w Polsce w latach 1945-1949