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1

UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOR MARKET POLICY IN VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES

100%

Zieliński M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 3

185-201

EN

In the recent years, an economic crisis has appeared in most economies. It affected the labor market situation. This article refers to the changes in the labor markets of the Visegrad Group countries. The analysis concerns the relations between the economic crisis, the level and structure of unemployment (taking into account the situation of women and young people as the groups strongly exposed to unemployment), and the level and structure of expenditures within the labor market policy. The article is based on the data published by Eurostat, using the tools of descriptive statistics, and statistical indexes, in particular. The research period covers the years 2007-2012, which is dictated by the availability of comparable statistical data. An analysis of the data indicates that the economic crisis increased the economic activity of the population, which contributed to an increase in unemployment. There is no discrimination against women in the labor market, but there has been a serious increase in unemployment among young people. With the increase in unemployment, the expenditures on the total labor market policy have increased, as have those on passive labor market policies and labor market service. Expenditures on active labor market policies (ALMPs) grow relatively more slowly, which may be especially evident in the case of expenditure on training.

2

Labor Market Policy in Polish Regions on the Basis of the Wielkopolska and Warmia and Mazury Regions (in the Years 2011–2016)

100%

Jarmołowicz W., Knapińska M.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 1

5-18

EN

While implementing economic policy, the State concentrates on four main goals related to economic stabilization referring to economic growth: a stable price level, a balance in the economic relationships with other states and the implementation of a full employment policy. Employment policy and labor market policy are crucial aspects of these actions. In the current study, attention has been paid to the very differentiation between the notions of employment policy and labor market policy, special emphasis has been placed on the latter as it directly influences the level and structure of unemployment in the national and regional economy. Another important part of the study presents particular aspects of the policy implementation against the phenomenon of unemployment in the studied regions in the period 2011–2016. The wielkopolskie voivodship and the warmińsko-mazurskie voivodship have been chosen as the study subjects. These regions significantly differ regarding their level of unemployment, but also in terms of their labor market policy implementation.

3

Cultural, political and economic roots of the labor market institutional framework in the OECD and post-socialist countries

88%

Pilc M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2017

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vol. 12

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issue 4

713-731

EN

Research background: The literature indicates that labor market institutions are determined by cultural, political and economic factors, but does not give explicit conclusions which of these vast group of factors dominates. Purpose of the article: The goal of this study is to empirically assess whether cultural and political factors dominate over economic factors in shaping the labor market institutional framework in the OECD and post-socialist countries. Methods: This framework can be measured by a vast group of indicators. We use 10 such variables that describe the group of 47 post-socialist and OECD countries (that did not experience economic transition) in the years 2005?2009. These indicators allow to construct one Employment Efficiency Index which explains almost 47% of the employment rate heterogeneity in the years 2010?2015. In the second step, the Employment Efficiency Index is regressed on 7 uncorrelated and standardized components that describe the cultural, political and economic characteristics of the analyzed countries in the years 1995?2004 and the Chow test is conducted in order to determine whether they influence the Index with the same strength in post-socialist and non-transition OECD countries. Findings & Value added: The obtained results show that cultural and political factors have a stronger influence on labor market institutions. Moreover, the estimates reveal that the countries which experienced weak labor market performance in the period 1995?2004 did not make their institutional framework more pro-employment in the following years and, in consequence, also recorded low values of the employment rate in the period 2010?2015. Such result suggests that economic factors occurred to be on average an insufficient trigger for labor market reforms in the group of analyzed countries. Finally, the Chow test revealed that this conclusion is applicable to both post-socialist and non-transition OECD countries.

4

WHAT DETERMINES THE REFORMS OF EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION? A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

88%

Pilc M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2015

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vol. 10

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issue 4

111-129

EN

The aim of this research was to identify the determinants of the employment protection legislation reforms in the global perspective. The study was based on the Labor Freedom index published by the Heritage Foundation, which allowed to include 179 countries in the research that were observed in the period 2003–2013. The conducted study has indicated that changes in GDP and the level of employment in industry may induce the introduction of labor reforms. The changes in the labor law also occurred to be correlated with the number of the nearly excluded from the labor market (the long-term unemployed and youth not in education, employment or training) and also with changes in the government expenditure. However, all these factors may lead to substantially various reform programs in particular countries due to the heterogeneous political pressure of the labor market interest groups and different governmental determination in introduction of the reforms.

5

PROGRAMY AKTYWNEGO PRZECIWDZIAŁANIA BEZROBOCIU W WOJ. WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIM W LATACH 2002–2009

63%

Cicha M.

Polityka Społeczna

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2012

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vol. 39

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issue 1(454)

20-25

EN

Warmia and Mazury voivodship has one of the lowest utilisation of labour capital in Poland, where disparities between supply and demand for labour force are significant and difficult to eliminate. This disparity became main challenge for social policy, that in context of unemployment reduction is realized with the use of active and passive programmes, financed from Labour Fund. High implementation costs of that policy, however, cause that for years it has been the subject of fierce critique that frequently questions the sense of its application. The effectiveness of active instruments utilized in this policy is also an important matter. The main aim of the article is to present the level and structure of expenses allocated to realization of ALMP (Active Labour Market Policy) in Warmia and Mazury voivodship with particular focus on shifts to the approach to activation programmes. Additionally, the effectiveness of main ALMP programmes realised within the bounds of voivodship was assessed.

PL

Województwo warmińsko-mazurskie cechuje jedno z najniższych w kraju wykorzystanie zasobów ludzkich, gdzie nierównowaga między podażą siły roboczej a popytem na pracę jest duża i trudna do długotrwałego wyeliminowania. Stała się ona podstawowym wyzwaniem dla polityki społecznej, która swoje zadania w sferze walki z bezrobociem realizuje w ramach aktywnych i pasywnych programów, finansowanych z Funduszu Pracy. Wysokie koszty realizacji owej polityki sprawiają jednak, że od lat staje się ona przedmiotem krytyki, która często podważa sens jej stosowania. Istotna wydaje się być również skuteczność aktywizujących instrumentów tej polityki. Głównym celem artykułu jest zatem przedstawienie poziomu i struktury poniesionych wydatków na realizację ALMP w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmian w podejściu do realizacji poszczególnych programów aktywizujących. Ponadto ocenie poddano efektywność głównych aktywnych programów rynku pracy realizowanych w obszarze badanego województwa.

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3 Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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1 Knapińska M.

1 Zieliński M.

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UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOR MARKET POLICY IN VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES

Labor Market Policy in Polish Regions on the Basis of the Wielkopolska and Warmia and Mazury Regions (in the Years 2011–2016)

Cultural, political and economic roots of the labor market institutional framework in the OECD and post-socialist countries

WHAT DETERMINES THE REFORMS OF EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION? A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

PROGRAMY AKTYWNEGO PRZECIWDZIAŁANIA BEZROBOCIU W WOJ. WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIM W LATACH 2002–2009