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PL
Jednym z najważniejszych wyznaczników sytuacji społecznej w Unii Europejskiej jest poziom bezrobocia i możliwość kreowania miejsc pracy w krajach członkowskich i regionach. Artykuł prezentuje rynek pracy unijnych regionów oraz dokonujące się na nim zmiany.
EN
One of the most significant indicator of social situation in European Community is unemployment level and job-creating possibility in members countries and their regions. The following article presents changes on labour market in European regions. Along with proceeding community extension disproportion between regions has risen. This situation was determined by extremely high level of unemployment in new members countries.
PL
W artykule rozważono wpływ uwarunkowań demograficznych i makroekonomicznych na sytuację na rynku pracy w Polsce w latach 1999-2003, w tym również prowadzoną politykę stabilizacyjną. W szczególności omówiono przyczyny spadku dynamiki wzrostu gospodarczego w roku 1999 i utrzymywania się zapoczątkowanej wówczas dekoniunktury do roku 2002, a następnie symptomy ożywienia gospodarczego po roku 2002 oraz kierunki prowadzonej polityki budżetowej i pieniężnej.
EN
The paper describes demography and macroeconomic mechanisms of Polish labor market. The causes of economic slowdown of 1999 and boom of 2002 as well as the directions of that―time economic policy are presented in the background of the situation on the Polish labor market. It is stressed that particularly strong relation is observed between the level of employment or unemployment, economic growth and investment. The author highlights the inevitability of the reorientation of the economic policy directions set up at the beginning of an economic transformation. The policy toward macroeconomic equilibrium and low inflation is considered to be too long and too strictly led by monetary authorities. Therefore, the policy of structural adjustment and long-term development has been too much neglected. The point is that although the macroeconomic equilibrium is as much necessary as long-run development policy, the appropriate hierarchy of priorities fitted into the stage and conditions of economic advancement is of key importance for good economic performance.
PL
Autor analizuje uwarunkowania demograficzne, przestrzenne i ekonomiczne rynku pracy w odniesieniu do miasta Tarnowa i powiatu tarnowskiego. Przedstawiona w artykule sytuacja lokalnego rynku pracy wskazuje na stan znacznego bezrobocia. Mając na uwadze negatywne skutki bezrobocia, do najważniejszych zadań polityki rynku pracy należy ich łagodzenie, następnie aktywne zwalczanie, a przede wszystkim działania zapewniające racjonalne zatrudnienie.
EN
Due to Poland's accession to the European Union it is necessary to intensify activities aimed at rational employment, limiting unemployment and its negative consequences in the society, particularly among young people. Such possibilities are provided by socio-economic policy and its legal regulations adjusted to the ED standards. (Law on promoting employment and labour market institutions, and Labor Code). Local conditions of labour market point to a need of developing specific methods, programmes and forms of counteracting unemployment and rationalization of employment. Creating new jobs remains a priority as well as more flexible activities on local labour markets and stimulating self-government initiatives is this field.
EN
This paper provides analysis of local labour market of Tarnów during the period of economic transformation in 1990-1996. Domestic market has been taken as a point of reference and comparisons. This survey analyses the degrees of economic stimulation of the population; it shows changes applied to a group of people employed on the basis of a contract of employment in the branches of national economy. Besides, it shows the movement of full-time employees (hiring and firing), and the level of registered unemployment. While assessing the latter phenomenon, change tendencies (Beveridge's curve), and dividing of unemployed according to their job seniority, the duration of being unemployed, age and education have been taken into consideration. Surveys, which have been carried out, point to two evident stages of situation being formed on a labour market: in 1990-1993 - negative tendency (employment decrease and unemployment increase) and in 1994-1996 - positive tendency (employment increase and unemployment decrease). In the final part of the paper, some issues of active employment policy have been discussed, the same as prevention and combating of unemployment.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane kwestie przemian lokalnych rynków pracy w okresie transformacji gospodarki w latach 1990-1996 na przykładzie województwa (regionu) tarnowskiego na tle rynku pracy w Polsce. W analizie rynku pracy uwzględniono m.in.: stan aktywności ekonomicznej ludności, zasoby pracy, poziom zatrudnienia i bezrobocia, skutki bezrobocia, przeciwdziałanie i sposoby jego zwalczania, racjonalizację zatrudnienia i stwarzanie warunków do powstania nowych miejsc pracy.
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