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1

Kilka uwag o rozwoju wtórnych przyimków przestrzennych

100%

Janowska A.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2018

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vol. 53

EN

Some remarks about the development of secondary spatial prepositionsThe literature devoted to spatial prepositions is quite abundant. The present article constitutes a recapitulation of the historical research which has heretofore been done on the subject. It is also an attempt at presenting the general characteristics of the evolution undergone by the class of units being described. This class is treated here in a broad manner, taking into account also equivalence. Spatial prepositions are the oldest layer of secondary forms and as far as many aspects are concerned, they constitute a very peculiar group. The attention of the scholar is drawn to lexemes such as blisko [close to, near] and the complex prepositions such as zza, poza, spoza [from behind, beyond, from beyond], which emerged quite late. Properties which are important for the evolution of the prepositions in question also include the considerable number of their variants. The direction of their evolution is quite clear also as far as their functions are concerned. The Polish language inherited from the Proto-Slavonic language precise distinctions of proximity, in contradistinction to the ablative content or expressions of considerable distances, which are indicated in a relatively general manner. The development of secondary prepositions emphasizes these properties of spatial description even further. As years went by, the disproportion between the indications of approaching and departing, of being near and being far away, did not diminish. On the contrary, it increased. The peculiarity of secondary prepositions is determined by their relationship with other classes of words that also describe spatial relations. Without doubt, this mutual relationship, which determines the evolution in spatial description, requires in-depth research. Kilka uwag o rozwoju wtórnych przyimków przestrzennychLiteratura poświęcona przyimkom przestrzennym jest dość bogata. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi podsumowanie dotychczasowych badań historycznych i jednocześnie próbę ogólnej charakterystyki ewolucji omawianej klasy jednostek. Klasa ta traktowana jest tu szeroko, również z uwzględnieniem ekwiwalencji. Przyimki przestrzenne stanowią najstarszą warstwę form wtórnych i tworzą grupę pod wieloma względami specyficzną. Zwracają uwagę leksemy typu blisko oraz dość późno utworzone przyimki złożone typu zza, poza, spoza. Do cech ważnych dla ewolucji omawianych przyimków zalicza się również znaczną wariantywność. Kierunek ich ewolucji jest dość wyrazisty także pod względem pełnionych funkcji. Polszczyzna odziedziczyła po prasłowiańszczyźnie szczegółowe wyróżnianie relacji bliskości w odróżnieniu od dość ogólnie wskazywanych treści ablatywnych czy określeń znacznych odległości. Rozwój przyimków wtórnych te cechy opisu przestrzennego jeszcze mocniej uwypukla. Dysproporcja między wskazaniem zbliżanie–oddalanie, blisko–daleko z biegiem lat nie zmniejsza się, a wręcz przeciwnie – rośnie. O swoistości przyimków wtórnych decyduje związek z wieloma innymi klasami wyrazów – wyznacznikami relacji przestrzennych. Ta wzajemna zależność, wyznaczająca ewolucję w opisie przestrzennym, niewątpliwie wymaga gruntownych badań.

2

Udział kultury w procesie ewolucji i kształtowania się języka

100%

Lewandowska M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

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issue 20

237-247

EN

The aim of the following paper is to discuss and analyse the investigations and scientific research on the process of language formation, as well as to show that the course of this was regulated not only by bio- logical and cognitive structures but also by the cultural context that accompanied it. The main premise of the work is the thesis that language is a broad, multifaceted phenomenon, which was developed in response to the human need for communication, which later influenced language development. Article deals with the genesis and evolution of language from the perspective of the socio-cultural context that could accompany both phenomena. The hypothesis of the biological and cultural co-evolution of Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd is discussed, as well as the findings of Daniel L. Everett concerning the origins of language and its original character. Work aims to prove that culture and nature should not be treated as an opposition, but as two equally material factors, that affect one another. It also attempts to determine whether culture can influence grammatical structures. The premise for adopting such a thesis is the grammar of the Pirahã people language, which does not meet the postulate of Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch that all languages are recursive, which in turn may undermine the thesis about the universal, biological basis of grammatical structures. Therefore, it can be treated as an inducement to reassess the way, both philosophy and linguistics, perceive the nature of language.

3

Lubię to! Neosemantyzacja leksemu lubić w kontekście Facebooka

88%

Kapuścińska A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2013

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issue 1(9)

255-266

EN

With the appearance of the social networking service, Facebook, the notion of 'liking' has gained an additional meaning. The aim of this article is to discuss the phenomenon of neosemantisation of the verb 'lubić' ('like') in the Polish version of the website. The author distinguishes between three Facebook-specific meanings of this verb: 'to be fond of something', 'to be related to something' and 'to recommend something'. The discussion of the phenomenon of neosemantisation of the verb 'lubić' is accompanied by an analysis of its occurrences through the example of Facebook-related elements on websites of universities and colleges in Warsaw.

4

Antropolingwistyka: przegląd problematyki

76%

Zaniewski J., Nizhneva N.

Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia

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2020

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vol. 20

EN

Anthropolinguistics is one the most recent theoretical and practical perspectives developed within the science of linguistics. As such, it focus on the central question of the evolution of human thinking and its reflection in language. It is proposed that on the basis of evolutionary processes, it is possible to put forth a view according to which any further development of humanity depends on the presence and steady development of specialist lexicon. It secures the advancement of humanity in science, industry and culture.

5

A contemporary look at language origins

75%

Wacewicz S.

Avant

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 2

EN

Why is language unique? How did language come about? When did this happen? These questions, although quite emblematic of the Western intellectual tradition since its ancient beginnings, so far have not found satisfying answers. Indeed, many still question the very possibility of addressing these basic problems of the origins of language with proper scientific rigor (see e.g. Hauser et al. 2014). However, an emerging consensus is that current research in the field of language evolution is in fact bearing fruit, making it at least possible to judge in an informed manner which of these competing scenarios are far more or less probable. In what follows, I guide the reader through some of this research and some of these scenarios; for more details, I refer the reader to a recent book (Żywiczyński & Wacewicz 2015), which is the first monograph that presents this developing field of language evolution research to the Polish reader.

6

A Discussion of Some Possible Stages in the Evolution of Syntax

75%

Krzek M.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2013

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vol. 61

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issue 6: Językoznawstwo

EN

This paper provides an overview of some possible stages in the evolution of syntax. It is argued, following Heine & Kuteva (2007), Jackendoff (1999), Johansson (2005), and Burling (2002), that syntax developed gradually through clearly identifiable developmental stages, not as maintained by Bickerton (1990) in one fell swoop.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera przegląd możliwych etapów w ewolucji syntaksy. Autorka twierdzi, opierając się m.in. na badaniach takich uczonych, jak: Heine & Kuteva (2007), Jackendoff (1999), Johansson (2005) i Burling (2002), że syntaksa rozwijała się stopniowo, a nie jak utrzymuje Bickerton (1990) za jednym zamachem.

7

A contemporary look at language origins

75%

Wacewicz S.

Avant

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 2

EN

Why is language unique? How did language come about? When did this happen? These questions, although quite emblematic of the Western intellectual tradition since its ancient beginnings, so far have not found satisfying answers. Indeed, many still question the very possibility of addressing these basic problems of the origins of language with proper scientific rigor (see e.g. Hauser et al. 2014). However, an emerging consensus is that current research in the field of language evolution is in fact bearing fruit, making it at least possible to judge in an informed manner which of these competing scenarios are far more or less probable. In what follows, I guide the reader through some of this research and some of these scenarios; for more details, I refer the reader to a recent book (Żywiczyński & Wacewicz 2015), which is the first monograph that presents this developing field of language evolution research to the Polish reader.

8

Paměti Františka Jana Vaváka jako filologický pramen

75%

Komárek K.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 1

76-87

EN

Vavák’s Memoirs, written in 1770–1816, can serve by dint of their significance and their scope to describe the development of Czech at that time. The article evaluates the content and language modifications in their modern edition and follows and suggests the use of their language material in grammar books, dictionaries, lexical databases and text corpuses.

9

O pojęciu „technologia” w informatyce

75%

Piecuch A.

Dydaktyka informatyki

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2021

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vol. 16

77-89

EN

Dichotomy of the term “technology” within the wider definition of information technology

10

Ocena stabilności ekspresywnej leksemu trawelebryta

63%

Hwaszcz K.

Orbis Linguarum

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2018

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issue 51

53-66

EN

An appraisal of the expressive stability of the word „trawelebryta” The aim of this paper is to define the meanings as well as to establish the contexts in which one can find the relatively new lexeme trawelebryta ‘travelebrity’ in the Polish language. Its novelty manifests itself in the lack of the spelling unification, which additionally implies that the word is not well-ingrained in the language yet. On the other hand, the lexeme serves as a word-formation base for other lexemes, which in turn indicates that the word is already a part of the mental lexicon of native speakers of Polish. Although it was determined that the lexeme is relatively stable, we found five distinctive meanings, which are still undergoing certain semantic and formal modifications. The evolution of its meaning shows a tendency to shift towards negative connotations, from neutral to colloquial, and, in extreme cases, even to the offensive ones. It was evidenced by sets of synonyms and contexts to which the lexeme was assigned. The paper ultimately shows that the adaptation process of the lexeme in the Polish language is not over yet.

11

Human Honest Signalling and Nonverbal Communication

63%

Wacewicz S., Żywiczyński P.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2012

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vol. 16

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issue 2

113-130

EN

The issue of signal reliability (‘honesty’) is widely recognised in language evolution research as one of the most fundamental problems concerning the evolutionary emergence of protolanguage, i.e. early language-like communication. We propose that nonverbal communication is likely to have played an important but underestimated role in language evolution: not directly in the transfer of message contents, but rather in stabilising the emerging protolanguage. We single out one subset of nonverbal cues - nonvocal nonverbal paralinguistic adaptors (NNPAs) - based on their role as indicators of reliability in present-day communication of humans. We suggest that the relatively involuntary and therefore reliable NNPAs might have served to stabilise more volitionally controlled, and therefore less reliable, verbal communication at the initial, bootstrapping stages of its phylogenetic development.

12

Zaměňování diftongů /ow/ a /oj/ ve vývoji evropské portugalštiny

63%

Hricsina J.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2017

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vol. 99

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issue 1

74-85

EN

This study deals with confusion of the diphthongs /ow/ and /oj/ in the evolution of European Portuguese. These two diphthongs have different etymologies, but in ancient Portuguese they begin to be confused. We analyzed selected words containing these diphthongs in the diachronic corpus www.corpusdoportugues.org. The results of this analysis showed that the final form of the word depends on its phonological structure: in words with the final back vowels /o/ and /u/, the diphthong /ow/ predominates, and in words ending in a central or central back vowel, /ɐ/ or /ɨ/, the clearly preferred diphthong is /oj/.

13

Przekraczanie granic składni semantycznej Stanisława Karolaka

63%

Kleszczowa K., Termińska K.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2017

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vol. 14

EN

The authors – participants of the seminar devoted to the “Comparative syntax of predicative expressions in Polish, French and Italian”, conducted by Stanisław Karolak in the 1970s – decided to suggest an extension of the PSPA concept of syntax (podstawowa struktura predykatowo-argumentowa – the basic predicativeargumentative structure). They selected the predicates of persuasion because they studied them during their work with Professor Karolak (consult the Bibliography). For this purpose, they developed the abstract predicative-argumentative structure for a greater class, thus nullifying the requirement of the identity of the root as well as the differences in the content of the particular predicates. Therefore we may say that it is a model of the concept of persuasion. The validity of linking the exponents of the abstract predicate which have dissimilar roots is accounted for by the semantic morphological-syntactic restrictions, therefore the model that is put forward may be referred to as the conceptual model which is supported by the paradigmatic syntax. The model covers powodować ‘to cause something’, which is a clear indication that the predicates of persuasion belong to a more general class of causatives. In order to reject the plethora of various types of causation, the authors applied a morphologicalsyntactic filter.In the further part of the text the authors put forward an internal division of the concept of persuasion on the basis of syntactic and morphological exponents. Therefore a separate class is constituted by the predicates of the benefit for x (prosić ‘to ask for something’, błagać ‘to beg’, the former modlić kogoś o coś); a different group is constituted by the predicative expressions such as the following radzić ‘to advise somebody to do something’, zalecać ‘to recommend somebody to do something’, podszeptywać ‘to suggest something to somebody’, in which the resultative event is beneficial to y; the class of predicates with the meaning ‘x acts intentionally so that y does not do Z2’ (odciągać ‘to dissuade from’, odwodzić ‘to discourage from’, ostrzegać ‘to warn against’, wyperswadować ‘to reason somebody out of something’, zabraniać ‘to forbid’, powstrzymywać ‘to keep somebody from doing something’). The focus of the authors is on the class of predicates which takes into account evaluation, especially negative evaluation: podpuszczać ‘to lead somebody on’, judzić ‘to incite’, podżegać ‘to instigate’ etc.The model that is presented in the article enables us to establish and interpret the area of language in question not only in the modern Polish language, but also in the historical Polish language. Moreover, the model may be applied to comparative studies.

PL

Autorki, uczestniczki konwersatorium nt. „Składnia konfrontatywna wyrażeń predykatywnych w języku polskim, francuskim i włoskim”, prowadzonym przez Stanisława Karolaka w latach siedemdziesiątych, postanowiły zaproponować rozszerzenia koncepcji składni PSPA (podstawowej struktury predykatowo-argumentowej). Wybrały predykaty nakłaniania, bo takimi zajmowały się w czasie prac z Profesorem Karolakiem (zob. bibliografia). W tym celu zbudowały abstrakcyjną strukturę predykatowo-argumentową dla większej klasy, uchylając wymóg identyczności rdzenia, także różnice w treści poszczególnych predykatów, powiedzieć zatem można, że to model pojęcia nakłaniania. Zasadność wiązania różnordzennych wykładników abstrakcyjnego predykatu tłumaczą semantyczne restrykcje morfologiczno-składniowe, zatem zaproponowany model można nazwać schematem myślowym podpartym składnią paradygmatyczną. W modelu mieści się powodować, co jest wyraźnym sygnałem, że predykaty nakłaniania należą do ogólniejszej klasy kauzatywów. Żeby odrzucić bogactwo różnych typów kauzacji, stosują filtr morfologiczno-składniowy.W dalszej części tekstu autorki proponują wewnętrzny podział pojęcia nakłaniania na podstawie wykładników składniowych i morfologicznych. Tak więc osobną klasę tworzą predykaty korzyści dla x-a (prosić, błagać, dawne modlić kogoś o coś); inną grupę tworzą wyrażenia predykatywne typu radzić, zalecać, podszeptywać, w których zdarzenie skutkowe jest korzystne dla y-a; wyraźnie kształtuje się klasa predykatów znaczeniu ‘x działa intencjonalnie, aby y nie robił Z2’ (odciągać, odwodzić, ostrzegać, wyperswadować, zabraniać, powstrzymywać). Najwięcej uwagi poświęcają klasie predykatów uwzględniających wartościowanie, zwłaszcza wartościowanie negatywne: podpuszczać, judzić, podżegać itd. Zaproponowany w artykule model pozwala zakreślić i zinterpretować interesujący nas obszar języka nie tylko we współczesnej polszczyźnie, ale również w polszczyźnie historycznej, co więcej - daje się stosować do studiów konfrontatywnych.

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Kilka uwag o rozwoju wtórnych przyimków przestrzennych

Udział kultury w procesie ewolucji i kształtowania się języka

Lubię to! Neosemantyzacja leksemu lubić w kontekście Facebooka

Antropolingwistyka: przegląd problematyki

A contemporary look at language origins

A Discussion of Some Possible Stages in the Evolution of Syntax

A contemporary look at language origins

Paměti Františka Jana Vaváka jako filologický pramen

O pojęciu „technologia” w informatyce

Ocena stabilności ekspresywnej leksemu trawelebryta

Human Honest Signalling and Nonverbal Communication

Zaměňování diftongů /ow/ a /oj/ ve vývoji evropské portugalštiny

Przekraczanie granic składni semantycznej Stanisława Karolaka