Współczesne przemiany świata (w tym rzeczywistości językowej) wywołują wzmożoną refleksywność (także refleksywność językową). Jej następstwem jest wzrost podmiotowości jednostkowej i zbiorowej. Razem stwarza to warunki do wyłonienia się w wyniku nowego podziału pracy naukowej lingwistyki publicznej i zarządzania językiem.
EN
The transformations of the contemporary world (including linguistic reality) enhance reflectivity (also linguistic reflectivity). In consequence, we encounter more and more of both individual and collective subjectivity. Together they create conditions for the emergence — as a result of a new divisions of research work — of public linguistics and language management.
Recent years have witnessed organized efforts to utilize social approaches to multilingualism in research on families, and thus to further delimit the multilingual family as a particular field of inquiry. This overview focuses on two recent such endeavors, a special issue of the journal Language Policy entitled “Family Language Policy” (Curdt-Christiansen 2013) and a special issue of the journal Multilingua entitled “Multilingual Communication in Binational Families: Negotiating Languages, Identities and Everyday Tasks” (Ogiermann 2013). In this text, we review the contributions to these issues in detail and explore how each issue contributes to the conception and shaping of the multilingual family as the object of analysis. We consider the paradigms employed and characterize how the two journal issues complement one another. We suggest that, in addition to the family as a research focus and the presence of multiple languages, they are connected by the presence of metalinguistic behavior. The idea emerges, then, that what is understood through the lenses of policy and interaction might be more coherently interpreted through the lens of language management in the sense of Jernudd & Neustupný (1987).
Discourses concerning language have ideological aspects in both scholarly and everyday contexts. In the present contribution, I use data from the past two decades to examine language ideologies as they are communicated explicitly or conveyed implicitly in meta-linguistic discourse on Hungarian medical language management. Besides drawing attention to language ideologies, the paper also aims to offer suggestions for making medical language management more efficient. The material for the present study comes from approximately 80 articles published in Magyar Orvosi Nyelv [Hungarian Medical Language], between 2001 and 2017. The analysis mainly consists in identifying the most conspicuous language ideologies that are at work in the texts under investigation, using a pre-existing inventory of language ideologies. The results show that language ideologies prevailing in the analyzed articles are usually not based on actual language usage, but rather, on structuralist considerations as well as various language ideologies which uphold the authority of the standard (e.g. linguistic elitism, conservativism, purism), while the domain of language use and the layered nature of medical language are overlooked.
Against the background of various linguistic and non-linguistic fields of study, we present an initial definition of the concept of language management as an activity focused on any aspect of language or communication or on language or communication as a whole. We explain the position of Language Management Theory (LMT) as a sociolinguistic theory in relation to varying paradigms of language policy and planning. In this context, the theory’s historical origins, which extend back to the collaborative work of J. V. Neustupný and B. H. Jernudd beginning in the 1960s, are elucidated. We summarize the reflection, categorization, and integration of LMT by other authors (R. Baldauf, B. Spolsky, M. Mwaniki and others), and also present critical views of these authors’ work. We then outline the main aspects of LMT: typical contexts in which language is managed, the relationship between simple and organized management, the connection of language, communicative and sociocultural management, and the processual character of management. Finally, we briefly describe the articles contained in the issue, all of which address Central European language problems and at the same time offer considerable theoretical and methodological innovations.
In this paper, I present an outline of the process of language problem management, which draws on the common elements of various models of the process of problem management in general. Since language problems are just one group of human problems occurring in various domains of life, I reached the conviction that a workable model of language problem management should build on problem management in general, while taking into account the specific features of language problems and language problem management. In considering the specific features of language problem management, I utilize a number of concepts from Language Management Theory.
The aim of this paper is to re-examine the process model of LMT from theoretical as well as practical perspectives in order to harmonize it with other process models and widen its scope of analysis. In contrast to the ‘classic’ LMT process model, other process models on policy and management usually include a post-implementation stage. To examine the utility of this stage, a concrete case concerning the ‘prohibition’ of the use of Sorbian at an institution in eastern Germany with German and Sorbian employees is investigated. In this case study, a revised process model is applied in order to analyze the employers’ attempts to regulate language choice in the workplace. Theoretical as well as empirical considerations suggest that the LMT process model could profit from including a post-implementation stage of feedback, which gives the process a cyclical character.
In order to describe and explain the differences in the form of language of different types of bilingual speakers, it is important to analyse not only the language, but also the language ideologies and language management, which reflect and co-determine its use. This article deals with language ideologies and language management in narrative interviews with German-Czech bilinguals who emigrated from the Czech part of Czechoslovakia to the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1964–1986. The respondents are divided into late ethnic repatriates of Sudeten German origin (Spätaussiedler*innen) and migrants without German roots (Migrant*innen). Against the background of the different linguistic biographies of these groups of respondents, the article reconstructs the different forms of their linguistic ideologies and language management. The language ideologies shaped by family background have a crucial impact on the language management and the resulting linguistic as well as social practices of the respondents. They also correlate with the frequency and nature of language contact phenomena in both Czech and German.
Niniejsze badanie określa główne parametry socjolingwistyczne zbiorowej tożsamości językowej. Rozważana jest rola takich konstruktów, jak etniczność, państwowość, wartość językowa oraz kulturowa w kształtowaniu tożsamości językowej. Podejście do analizy zostało wybrane z uwzględnieniem posttotalitarnej specyfiki sytuacji językowej w Ukrainie. W badaniu została podjęta próba prześledzenia korelacji między etnolingwistyczną a narodową tożsamością językową. Zostały przeanalizowane takie determinanty, jak status językowy, witalność języka, socjolingwistyczna siła społeczności i wsparcie instytucjonalne. Podkreśla się znaczenie zarządzania i planowania językowego w kraju oraz nowatorskie zasady europejskiej polityki językowej (tolerancja językowa, integracja językowa, ochrona zagrożonych języków, zwrócenie szczególnej uwagi na prawa językowe) jako punkty odniesienia dla skupienia się na językowej tożsamości społeczności etnicznych. Proponuje się teoretyczne uzasadnienie pojęć tożsamość etnolingwistyczna i narodowa (państwowa) tożsamość językowa.
EN
The article outlines the main sociolinguistic parameters of collective language identity. The role of such constructs as ethnicity, statehood, linguistic and cultural value is considered in terms of the formation of language identity. The approach to the analysis here was chosen with taking account of the post-totalitarian specifics of the language situation in Ukraine. The correlation between ethnolanguage and national language identity has been traced. Determinants such as language status, language vitality, sociolinguistic capacity of communities and institutional support are taken into consideration. The importance of language management and language planning in the country and innovative principles of European language policies (language tolerance, language integration, preservation of endangered languages and emphasis on language rights) are underlined as points of reference for focusing on the language identity of ethnic communities. Theoretical substantiation of the concepts “ethnolinguistic identity” and “national (state) language identity” is offered.
The article presents a sociolinguistic analysis of language ideology change as exemplified by two generations of Poles living in Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly Stanisławów). Research data comprises interviews conducted in the years 2017–2022. Linguistic biographies of Polish minority representatives provided a basis for describing the history of speaking across two generations (the eldest one and the elder one) depending on the stages of their lives. Monolingual microideology influenced the choice of language among family members of the two generations of Poles from Ivano-Frankivsk. It led to a decline of the transfer of the Polish language from parents to children. Later on, attempts have been gradually made to revive the transfer.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona analiza socjolingwistyczna zmiany ideologii językowych na przykładzie dwóch pokoleń Polaków mieszkających w Iwano-Frankiwsku (dawnym Stanisławowie). Materiał badawczy stanowią rozmowy, które zostały przeprowadzone w latach 2017-2022. Na podstawie biografii językowej przedstawicieli polskiej mniejszości narodowej stworzone zostały historie mówienia dwóch generacji (najstarszej i starszej) w zależności od okresu ich życia. Makroideologia jednojęzyczności miała wpływ na wybór języka w rodzinach dwóch przeanalizowanych pokoleń Polaków miasta i doprowadziła do zaniku przekazu języka polskiego od rodziców do dzieci, a następnie do stopniowego przywracania tego procesu w rodzinach Polaków miasta.
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