Studies in L2 intonation and phrasal phonology are interesting not only to understand how second languages (L2) are acquired, but also to get better insights into the phonology of the target language itself. Indeed, clear descriptions are still missing for many intonational and phrasal phenomena; and analysing the speech production of L2 learners may help in analyzing phenomena that have remained unnoticed up to now (e.g. grammatical and prosodic constraints that operate in case of self-repairs, and phonological status of some prosodic events). We propose a close look at a well-designed corpus, as an introduction to this research perspective. The aim of the present contribution is twofold: (i) to present the COREIL corpus, an electronic oral learner corpus that has been designed to study the acquisition of phrasal phonology and intonation in French and English as a foreign language; (ii) to explain the principles used to collect and annotate the data. The data collection protocol is developed to be as modular as possible: for instance, it can be used to gather data produced by children as well as by adults. The protocol is intended as an easy-to-use tool that can be modified by the research community. It allows for a comparison of acquisition processes along several dimensions (L1 vs. L2, differences among L1 learners, etc).
The Langue Consulting Centre (LCC) has been providing its regular services for more than eighty years. The LCC improves its activities in the area of language consultation by using new technologies. The most recent outcome of the LCC is The Linguistically Structured Database of Enquiries (LSDE). The LSDE enables searching through user enquiries and the LCC’s replies. This paper analyses users’ needs connected with language resources and tools, based on enquiries related to their use. First, we examine the need for language resources, including the question of which of them users actually (want to) use, and why, and what they expect of them. Second, we focus on the enquirers’ need to be able to use the appropriate language resources and tools properly, focusing on their interpretation of how the resources and tools are designed. Subsequently, the information about enquirers’ needs is used to formulate specific proposals for language education activities, belonging to the field of language cultivation as well as lexicography.
In order to exemplify complexity and diversity of problems that language engineers are faced with we present selected works in the field of human language technologies that have been done within research projects of the Department of Computer Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań over the last 30 years. These are first of all contributions in creation of language resources including lexicons, grammars, Polish wordnet, as well as creation of systems with emulated language competence. Our aim is to illustrate – via our contributions – a number of challenges facing today’s linguistics of the Polish language. We also intend to bring the reader’s attention to the fact that many of these challenges is – and will continue to be – still valid. This overview does not pretend to completeness. In particular, the very important area of speech processing is passed over.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiamy wybrane prace ilustrujące złożoność i różnorodność problemów, z którymi konfrontowani są twórcy systemów z kompetencją językową. Przegląd szczegółowy obejmuje wybór informatycznych technologii języka naturalnego w ramach projektów realizowanych w Zakładzie Lingwistyki Informatycznej i Sztucznej Inteligencji UAM w ostatnim 30-leciu. Są to przede wszystkim prace z zakresu tworzenia zasobów leksykalnych, gramatycznych i semantycznych oraz systemów z kompetencją językową. Celem przeglądu jest ilustracja, konkretnymi zadaniami, wybranych wyzwań, przed którymi stanęła w drugiej połowie XX wieku lingwistyka polska. Jednocześnie staramy się zwrócić uwagę na fakt, że większość z tych wyzwań jest i nadal będzie aktualna. Przegląd ten nie pretenduje do kompletności, w szczególności nie obejmuje całego, bardzo ważnego sektora przetwarzania mowy.
U ovome članku cilj je predstaviti postojeće ukrajinske prijevode knjige Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland i njihove autore, obratiti pozornost na neke razloge pojavljivanja ponovnih prijevoda djela Lewisa Carrolla u posljednje vrijeme, pokazati određene aspekte prevoditeljskoga rada svojstvene ukrajinskim prijevodima koji služe, prije svega, kao sredstvo ekvivalentnoga prijenosa stvaralačkih mogućnosti teksta Lewisa Carrolla ukrajinskim čitateljima. Knjiga je sve popularnija u Ukrajini, u posljednjih 10 – 15 godina bila je objavljena četiri puta. Ponovni prijevodi Aličinih pustolovina u Čudozemskoj, iako su svojevrsna reakcija prevoditelja na zahtjeve naručitelja, produžuju komunikacijski lanac književne recepcije koji ponovo prelazi jezične granice i privlači u krug poštovatelja Lewisa Carrolla nove čitatelje, otvarajući im bezgraničnu smislenu perspektivu priče o Alici. Sačuvavši opću ekvivalentnost originalu, svaki prevoditelj pokušavao je primijeniti stvaralački arsenal jezičnih sredstava koja postoje u ukrajinskome jeziku imajući u vidu, kao što je i sâm Lewis Carroll zamislio, različite skupine čitatelja.
EN
The aims of this paper are to introduce existing Ukrainian translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and their respective translators; to discuss some reasons for recent retranslations of Lewis Carroll’s works; and to show some aspects of translators’ work which are characteristic of translations into Ukrainian and which primarily serve as a means of transferring the equivalent of the creative attributes of Lewis Carroll’s text for Ukrainian readers. The book is gaining in popularity in Ukraine and has been published four times in the last 10 to 15 years. Although it may be said that recent retranslations of Alice in Wonderland show the translators’ response to the demands from the publishers, these retranslations also expand the communication chain of literary reception which continues to cross linguistic boundaries, bringing new readers to the circle of Carroll’s admirers and opening up to them the boundless meaningful perspective of the Alice story. Preserving general equivalence to the original, each translator has tried to make use of the creative arsenal of language resources that exist in the Ukrainian language, bearing in mind – much like Lewis Carroll himself – different groups of readers.
DE
Im Beitrag werden zuerst die vorhandenen ukrainischen Übersetzungen des Werkes und deren Autoren vorgestellt, um dann auf die Gründe dafür einzugehen, warum in der Ukraine in der letzten Zeit Carrolls Werke neu aufgelegt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf bestimmte Aspekte der Übersetzungsarbeit hingewiesen, die den ukrainischen Übersetzungen eigen sind und die vor allem als Mittel der äquivalenten Übertragung der schöpferischen Möglichkeiten des Textes von Lewis Carroll dienen, die speziell auf den ukrainischen Lesern ausgerichtet sind. Carrolls Buch gewinnt in der Ukraine an Popularität, weshalb es auch in den letzten fünfzehn Jahren vier Mal herausgegeben wurde. Obwohl Neuausgaben eine Reaktion der Übersetzer auf bestimmte Forderungen der Auftraggeber darstellen, erweitern diese zugleich die Kommunikationskette der literarischen Rezeption eines Werkes. Sie überwinden immer wieder die Sprachbarrieren und begeistern neue Leser für Carrolls Werk, indem sie ihnen die grenzenlose Sinnperspektive der Geschichte über Alice immer wieder aufs Neue eröffnen. Dabei bemüht sich jeder Übersetzer um die Erhaltung der allgemeinen Äquivalenz seiner Übersetzung, verwendet jedoch das ihm in der ukrainischen Sprache zur Verfügung stehende schöpferische Sprachpotential, um auf diese Weise zugleich − gemäß den Vorstellungen von Carroll − verschiedene Leserschichten zu erreichen.
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