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The use of prothetic /v/ by older speakers in Prague

100%
Chromý J.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 2
203-225
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze linguistic factors which influence the usage of prothetic /v/ in speech of older speakers in Prague. The analysis is based on informal 1 hour long interviews with 17 speakers (9 women, 8 men) from Prague aged between 60 and 71 years. All of the speakers were born in Prague and they lived there for most of their lives. Altogether, there are 2769 occurrences of the variable (v): 538 /Ø/ and 2231 /v/. It can be seen that the speakers in the sample prefer using the prothetic /v/. Based on a generalized linear mixed model, we show that the use of (v) is influenced by word frequency, presence of a prefix and borrowedness of the word. Other variables do not fit in the model. If compared with older data by Jančák (1974) and the recent data on younger speakers from Prague by Chromý (2015), it can be seen that there is a change in progress in the use of (v) in Prague and that the prothetic /v/ seems to be on slow decline.
2
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Review of Various Dimensions of Contrastive Studies by Bożena Cetnarowska, Marcin Kuczok and Marcin Zabawa (eds.), Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2016

100%
Mokrosz E., Zdziebko S.
Linguistics Beyond and Within
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2019
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vol. 5
161-192
EN
The paper constitutes a review of a collection of articles entitled ‘Various Dimensions of Contrastive Studies’ published by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego in 2016 under the editorship of Bożena Cetnarowska, Marcin Kuczok and Marcin Zabawa. Each section of the review contains a critical evaluation of one paper found in the volume. We conclude that although the volume could benefit from more direct discussion pertaining to the methodology of contrastive studies, each of the articles constitutes a significant contribution to its particular domain and is worth-recommending to the reader who desires to keep track of the developments within different areas of the study of language.
3
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Particularidades gramaticales del portugués brasileño en relación con la norma linguística estándar

100%
Gurevich D.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2021
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vol. 16 (Semanticity, Alterity, Creativity: Building on Eugenio Coseriu’s Legacy (II))
132-154
EN
The Brazilian variant of Portuguese, which shares the grammatical system with other national variants of Portuguese, among which European Portuguese in the first place, has a number of distinctive features that manifest themselves regularly and concern the realization of basic grammatical oppositions. The reason for these features to emerge is to be found in the specific way in which Brazilian society was developing across history and in the sociolinguistic factors underlying the formation of Brazilian Portuguese. The present paper singles out twelve grammatical structures that convey basic categorial meanings (number and person in pronouns and verbs, voice), as well as syntactic structures that show changes in government models, in the form and position of clitics and in certain syntactic patterns of emphasis. These structures deviate from the codified norm but are widely present in different registers of Brazilian Portuguese, both in spoken language and in writing. Their status has been assessed differently by normative-rescriptive grammars of Portuguese, on the one hand, and by descriptive grammars, on the other hand. The wide presence of such deviations means that it is necessary to study how they fit in with the codified norm and, probably, reconsider the criteria for its definition.
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Perception, Processing and Storage of Subphonemic and Extralinguistic Features in Spoken Word Recognition - An Argument from Language Variation and Change

88%
Łukasiewicz E.
Psychology of Language and Communication
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2012
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vol. 16
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issue 1
1-19
EN
Recent research on speech perception and word recognition has shown that fine-grained sub-phonemic as well as speaker- and episode-specific characteristics of a speech signal are integrally connected with segmental (phonemic) information; they are all most probably processed in a non-distinct manner, and stored in the lexical memory. This view contrasts with the traditional approach holding that we operate on abstract phonemic representations extracted from a particular acoustic signal, without the need to process and store the multitude of its individual features. In the paper, I want to show that this turn towards the "particulars" of a speech event was in fact quite predictable, and the so-called traditional view would most probably have never been formulated if studies on language variation and language change-in-progress had been taken into account when constructing models of speech perception. In part one, I discuss briefly the traditional view ("abstract representations only"), its theoretical background, and outline some problems, internal to the speech perception theory, that the traditional view encounters. Part two will demonstrate that what we know about the implementation of sound changes has long made it possible to answer, once and for all, the question of integrated processing and storage of extralinguistic, phonemic and subphonemic characteristics of the speech signal.
5
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Language Variation Theory in Italy: The Coserian Perspective

88%
Zholudeva L.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2021
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vol. 16 (Semanticity, Alterity, Creativity: Building on Eugenio Coseriu’s Legacy (II))
86-102
EN
Eugenio Coseriu‘s theory of language variation and change that singles out the main parameters of language variation (diachrony, diatopy, diastraty, diaphasy) has been successfully applied by a number of Italian linguists to describe the restandardization of the Italian language. What is now called ―Neo-Standard Italian‖ is, in fact, the modern variety of Italy‘s standard language that has become more versatile, expressive and widely usable than the traditional Standard Italian due to the development of the lower part of register spectrum (diaphasy axis) and a higher tolerance to variation in diatopy and diastraty. The Italian school of linguistic thought completed the Coserian system of dia- terms by another one, namely, "diamesia", that stands for the distinction between oral and written language. In the Italian historical linguistics, the Coserian theory of language norm and variation allowed to explain the reemergence of certain language features, now considered typical of Neo-Standard Italian, attested in Old Italian texts but later avoided in writing and labelled as substandard. Among other Coserian concepts recurrently discussed and cited by modern Italian linguists one can mention the distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary dialects, the idea to juxtapose functional language and historical language, and the concept of language architecture. Coseriu‘s functional approach to language studies, which views language as integral part of human life and cultural milieu, has resulted fruitful and largely congenial to Italian linguistics that traditionally avoids the extreme structural approaches and favors complex, well backgrounded studies taking into account the historical and sociocultural factors.
6
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Lexical-Semantic Dynamics in Romanian Biblical Versions. Case Study: The “Parable of the Prodigal Son”

88%
Văetuș D.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2016
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vol. 5
167-180
EN
The focus of this study is the lexical-semantic dynamics in Romanian biblical versions. We have selected a number of ten texts that are representative for a comparative analysis of the “Parable of the Prodigal Son,” from Gospel according to Luke, chapter 15, verses 11–32: Coresi’s Tetraevangelion (Coresi 1561), The New Testament from Bălgrad (NT 1648), The Bible from Bucharest (Bible 1688), The Vulgata from Blaj (Bible 1760), The Bible from Blaj (Bible 1795), The Șaguna Bible (Bible 1858), The Synodical Bible (Bible 1914), The Cornilescu Bible (Bible 1921), The Radu-Galaction Bible (Bible 1938), The Anania Bible (Bible 2001). We shall only discuss the lexical-semantic dynamics from a diachronic perspective, observing that the church language (the biblical language, in this case) is characterized mainly by simplicity, accessibility and conservatism, and this is why the dynamics of the vocabulary does not know the amplitude that is common to other fields. We note the presence of lexical coincidences in successive versions of the Bible: a word that has not been replaced at all, resisting during several centuries. The stability of a word is usually proof of its framing within the basic vocabulary of the language and an index concerning the genealogy of texts. The lexical substitutions from the biblical versions have different explanations: (i) the use of different sources (especially, the Slavonic, Greek or Latin sources); (ii) the passage from the principle of literal rendering to the literary translation; (iii) language variation (diachronic, stylistic and dialectal variation).
7
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Socjolingwistyka a imigracja — zróżnicowanie językowe polskich nastolatków w Edynburgu

63%
Strycharz-Banaś A., Meyerhoff M., Schleef E.
Socjolingwistyka
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2014
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issue 28
137-152
PL
W artykule omawiamy zróżnicowanie w wymowie końcówki (-ing) wśród nastolatków urodzonych w Szkocji oraz imigrantów z Polski mieszkających w Edynburgu. Rozkład wariantów wymowy morfemu pokazuje, że nastolatki polskie do pewnego stopnia przyswoiły sobie zróżnicowanie widoczne w wymowie młodzieży lokalnej. Widzimy zatem, że częstotliwość występowania wariantów in/ing może być postrzegana jako odzwierciedlenie wymowy lokalnej, jednak czynniki, które przyczyniają się do wyboru konkretnych wariantów, różnią się znacząco wśród grup.
EN
This study analyses (in/ing) variation among migrant (Polish) and local adolescents in two British cities: Edinburgh and London. We trace the distribution of variants available and suggest that the factors contributing to the acquisition of variation (or lack of it) among migrant adolescents, depends on a numer of language-internal and language-external factors. We argue that the frequency of occurrence of a given variant among migrant adolescents can be seen as a reflection of the speech pattern of their local peers. However, the factors that contribute to the variant choice differ significantly between the groups.
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„Da war ich sofort high gewesen, ne. Wein getankt, woll.” – Eine exemplarische Analyse des Dortmunder Regiolekts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Rückversicherungspartikeln

51%
Hessler S., Pottmann D. M.
Studia Linguistica
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2019
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issue 38
33 - 54
EN
This study deals with the German particles ne and woll in the spoken language of the Ruhr district. There are some possibilities in terms of the usage of what we call reassurance particles at the end of somebody’s utterances. In the regiolect of the Ruhr area, the usage of ne is very common, but there are also eastern territories where woll is used as well. We are examining if the usage depends on different sub-regiolects in terms of diatopic variations, and/or it also depends on situational aspects such as different registers or situational speech.
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