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1

Lapidarium na Starym Cmentarzu w Radomsku

100%

Gzik Z.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 1

53-56

EN

Radomsko, first a castle town and then a ducal and royal town, was granted its location document in 1266 by Leszek the Black, duke of Sieradz. The oldest parish church existed probably already in the twelfth or thirteenth century, and in accordance with the principles of Christianity, the surrounding area was used as a burial ground for the local inhabitants. Existing circumstances made it necessary to transfer cemeteries outside cities. In Radomsko, the Old Cemetery, functioning up to this day, was established in 1793-1807, when in the wake of the second partition the city became part of the Russian partition area. The Radomsko-based Branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical Monuments, founded on 25 February 1991, set itself the task of saving the tombstones, monuments, and crosses scattered within the cemetery by placing them in a lapidarium. The site was located within the inner wall encircling the existing cemetery. Thanks to donations offered by the Municipal Council, the lapidarium was built in 1992-1996. The collection includes 29 gravestones, 6 monuments, and 11 crosses. Three commemorative plaques of notables, whose graves were liquidated, were installed.

2

CMENTARZ CENTRALNY W SZCZECINIE ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI KONSERWATORSKIEJ

86%

Słomiński M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 4

85-104

EN

The Central Cemetery in Scenic was established in 1900, and the first funerals were conducted on 6 December 1901. The project of the necropolis was devised by Wilhelm Meyer-Schwartau, who in 1891-1921 held the post of the municipal building councillor (town architect). The co-author of the design was Georg Hannig, cemetery director in 1900-1928. The first stage involved the eastern part of the necropolis with meandering lanes along both sides of the vista axis. The Neo-Romanesque buildings erected in 1900-1904, and designed by Wilhelm Meyer Schwartau, included the main gate, modelled on campo santo Italian cemeteries, and a chapel situated along the axis of the premise with a central plan. A rectangular pool was located in front of the chapel. The central part of the necropolis stretching along the Topolowa (today: Widokowa) lane was set up after 1918, while the western part with three long lanes running along two streams, perpendicularly to the premise axis, dates back to the 1920s. A new modernist chapel in Leszczynowa lane was built in 1928-1930. The Szczecin necropolis is an example of a landscape cemetery in which the final effect was co-created by plants, landscaping, buildings, and sepulchral art. The older, eastern part of the cemetery is distinct for an unhampered composition, while the younger parts, made up of rectangular sections, were originally a geometric configuration. After 1945 the terraces along the axis were adapted for a war cemetery for about 3 000 Soviet and more than 300 Polish soldiers and civilians. A Heroes’ Hill was created after the war around the round pool, but representative sections and a regularly planned lower part of the so-called urn Grove had been destroyed, while former glades and areas intentionally left without graves were used for new burials sites. The central and western parts of the necropolis were reused in the 1970s and the 1980s, preserving the former spatial configuration and landscape features, totally ignored while establishing new sections outside the historical boundaries of the cemetery. The species of plants changed – poplars growing along Widokowa lane withered, as did numerous birches and coniferous trees. The main gate, damaged in 1941, was rebuilt in 1959-1963, but the main chapel was not recreated until 1983-1994. The modernist chapel from 1930 was pulled down in 1984. The post-war period also witnessed the demolition and devastation of a majority of the old gravestones. In 1984 the Central Cemetery was listed in a register of historical monuments. Recently, work has been initiated on projects for the revalorisation of particular parts of the necropolis, i. a. a lapidarium to be situated in an upper part of the urn Grove, recreated according to old plans. The main gate and the round pool behind the chapel are also to be repaired. The triangular pool on the axis of Widokowa lane also requires thorough repair, and historical gravestones await conservation. At present, the cemetery administration, supported by the Voivodeship Conservator of Historical Monuments and the Society of the Central Cemetery in Szczecin (established in 2003) are making efforts to secure the necessary funds.

3

Zmienne losy starego cmentarza w Biłgoraju

71%

Garbacz K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2016

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issue 2

219-257

PL

Zabytkowe cmentarze są świadectwem dziedziczonej z pokolenia na pokolenie pamięci o przodkach. Niestety, część z nich została w XX w. zdewastowana i ograbiona z wielu elementów kamiennej architektury nagrobnej. Do tej grupy założeń należy stary cmentarz w Biłgoraju, w województwie lubelskim, założony przed końcem XVIII w. Jego użytkowanie zakończono około 1880 r., ale prawne zamknięcie nastąpiło dopiero w 1959 r. W ciągu kilkudziesięciu lat pozbawiony opieki cmentarz uległ tak daleko posuniętej degradacji, że w 1982 r. zarejestrowano tylko trzy nieuszkodzone wolno stojące nagrobki kamienne; pozostałe przetrwały jedynie we fragmentach. Zniszczeniu uległa też część drzewostanu. W 1977 r. cmentarz został wpisany do rejestru zabytków, dziesięć lat później powstało założenie projektowe lapidarium. Próby ratowania biłgorajskiego cmentarza zbiegły się z czasem ogólnej dyskusji na temat stanu zachowania nekropolii w Polsce i szybko postępującego ich niszczenia, zarówno przez wandali, jak i wskutek decyzji władz administracyjnych, nakazujących likwidację tych już nieużytkowanych. Na przykładzie biłgorajskiego założenia autor starał się pokazać wieloletni proces powojennej destrukcji jednej z tych nekropolii, które bez uszczerbku przetrwały czasy okupacji hitlerowskiej.

EN

Old cemeteries are evidence of the memory about ancestors inherited throughout generations. Sadly, in the 20th century, some of them were devastated and robbed of many elements of stone tomb architecture. In this group is the old cemetery in Biłgoraj, Lublin Voivodeship, established in the late 18th century. Its use was discontinued ca. 1880. However, it was not legally closed until 1959. Within several decades, without care, the cemetery fell into such advanced degradation that in 1982 only three undamaged, free-standing tombstones were registered; others survived only in fragments. Some of the trees were destroyed as well. In 1977, the cemetery was entered into the register of historic sites; ten years later, the design of a lapidarium was created. Attempts to save the Biłgoraj cemetery coincided with general discussion on the state of conservation of necropolises in Poland and their quickly advancing degradation, both by vandals and as a result of decisions made by administrative authorities who order liquidation of the disused ones. On the example of the Biłgoraj complex, the author attempted to illustrate the years-long process of post-war destruction of one of these necropolises, which survived the period of Nazi occupation without harm.

4

Zagadnienie konserwacji romańskiego portalu kościoła św. Marii Magdaleny we Wrocławiu

58%

Ciach T., Penkalowa B.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1965

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issue 3

22-28

FR

be présent ouvrage a pour but d ’analyser l’état auquel s ’est conservé le portail roman de l ’égliise Ma rie-Madeleine à Wiroclaiw et d ’éclaircir les causes des détériorations sur la base des recherches effectuées jusqu’à présent sur l ’initiative du Conservateur Municipal de Wrocław. Comme le révèlent les recherches, les éléments authentiques provenant du portail d’Olbin sont e x é cutés dans des grès arcosiques qui dénotent actuellement une désalcalisation considérable du matériel liant et la dégradation de la structure. Il a été établi que la cause principale d’usure réside dans l'emplacement défavorable du portail du côté sud, sur la paroi revêtue de brique hollandaise de l ’église ainsi que dans le traitement de conservation inconvenable effectué dans les années 1912—1934 et consistant en un emploi de moyens de protection uniquement superficielle. L’ouvrage présente des propositions en oe qui concerne la protection et la conservation du portail par voie d ’une modification de conditions dans lesquelles il se trouve et de complément du matériel liant désalcalisé en vue d’en renforcer la structure.

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Lapidarium na Starym Cmentarzu w Radomsku

CMENTARZ CENTRALNY W SZCZECINIE ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI KONSERWATORSKIEJ

Zmienne losy starego cmentarza w Biłgoraju

Zagadnienie konserwacji romańskiego portalu kościoła św. Marii Magdaleny we Wrocławiu