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1
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Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

100%
Miedzińska M.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2019
|
vol. 2019(3)
121-134
EN
Prawne aspekty ochrony interesów finansowych Unii Europejskiej Podstawy oraz ramy działania instytucji Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich wyznaczają akty prawne ustanawiane na poziomie unijnym. Podstawy prawne na poziomie unijnym zawierają kluczowe normy w zakresie ochrony interesów finansowych Unii Europejskiej oraz stanowią główne wyznaczniki dla poszczególnych państw UE przy tworzeniu przez ich właściwe instytucje podstaw prawnych na poziomie krajowym. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie głównych podstaw prawnych dotyczących ochrony interesów finansowych Unii Europejskiej na poziomie unijnym, co przyczyni się do zbadania wpływu tych przepisów na wykrywanie nieprawidłowości i nadużyć finansowych w UE.
2
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Podstawa prawna do wydania aktu prawa wewnętrznego (na tle art. 93 ust. 2 Konstytucji)

88%
Krzywoń A.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2015
|
issue 2(127)
103-118
EN
The aim of the article is to present an interpretation of the requirement that internal legal enactments be issued on the basis of statute (Article 93 para. 2 of the Constitution). This constitutional prerequisite provides the basis for two kinds of approach. Under the fi rst one, Article 93(2) of the Constitution requires that an authorizing provision that defi nes the entity, the form and content of the internal enactment be created by statute. The second approach permits an internal enactments to be based on the norms of statute which defi ne the tasks and powers of a particular authority. In the author’s view, the interpretation of the statutory basis requirement should be made in reference to a number of constitutional principles, including reliability and effi ciency of the constitutional bodies as well as the stability and permanence of legislation. In view of these values, the requirement for a statutory basis should be treated fl exibly so as to provide an appropriate instrument to government administration to exert infl uence on its subordinate organizational structure.
3
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Jeszcze o aktach prawa wewnętrznego. Z Adamem Krzywoniem nieco polemicznie

88%
Bień-Kacała A.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2015
|
issue 3(128)
47-56
EN
This article is a polemical response to the article by Adam Krzywoń, on the “Basis for the Issuance of Internal Legal Enactments (Based on Article 93 para. 2 of the Constitution)”, published in Przegląd Sejmowy No. 2/2015. Krzywoń narrowly delineates the scope of examination and focuses his analysis on the effectiveness of operation of public institutions. However, the system of sources of law and the respect for freedom provides the context of polemical remarks. The text, in its assumptions, is intended to serve as supplementing the analytical perspective applied by Krzywoń. Law-making (i.e. adoption of universally binding laws, but also internal legal enactments) is that kind of activity which considerably interfere with legal situation of an individual and, therefore, there is need for a strict rules of interpretation of the competences. The scope of their conferral is precisely defi ned by the lawgiver. The freedom of an individual and the protection of its status provide basic assumptions in this respect. This relates also to the entities connected — within the hierarchy of administrative bodies – by employment relationship. Beyond the scope of law-making activities, the authorities should be given greater discretion in the performance of governance, provided that proper selection of measures is ensured, except for the legal provisions.
4
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Popular Culture as an Inspiration for New Professions

75%
Kust I.
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
|
2017
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
275-288
EN
Popular culture constitutes an inseparable part of social life. New forms and means of cultural expression continuously come into existence. Social, economic, and cultural changes influence popular culture, which in turn affects attitudes and behaviours of various social groups in a variety of manners. The phenomenon of popular culture is also discussed from the perspective of educational processes. The learning process involves shaping attitudes towards reception of culture and the need for life-long learning. Polysemic nature of popular culture inspires various activities and actions, including the emergence of new jobs, such as a fashion technician, leisure market researcher, or video filmmaker. Among the jobs of the future, the following new ones are listed: a manager in multicultural context, theme park animator, and social marketing specialist. According to the prognosis for the job market, a job of the future is the job which enables great opportunities of employment and professional career. Popular culture generates new professions. Popular culture is an area, where (…) intergenerational or intercultural encounters may take place. A pedagogue learns from the young people about the things that are of importance and value to them (…). What should be emphasised here is the task of self-creation which is a difficult, regardless of age.
5
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Organizacja ruchu drogowego na obszarze samorządu terytorialnego – podstawowe zasady stanowienia i obowiązywania

75%
Makowski K.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
|
2013
|
vol. 18
212-234
EN
The article presents issues related to road traffic organization in the territorial self-government units. The author analyzes such categories as: public roads, road traffic organization, the competences of local government. Considerations include an analysis of the practices to determine the rules of the road traffic, the fundamental principles of establishing and obeying the local law and the relationships between the self-government bodies: the Executive (Mayor, president) and the Legislature of the municipality (Municipal Council). The foundation of the statements made are the most important acts of law, comments of specialists and attitudes of the Supreme Court and administrative courts. The author also relates to the shortcomings in the regulation of this important area of local life.
6
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Podstawy prawne systemu bezpieczeństwa w Bośni i Hercegowinie

75%
Krysieniel K.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
|
2015
|
issue 2(24)
129-148
PL
W artykule została podjęta próba przedstawienia i przeanalizowania podstaw praw-nych systemu bezpieczeństwa w Bośni i Hercegowinie. Ukazane zostały zarówno jego geneza, jak i późniejsza ewolucja, przeważnie dokonująca się pod bezpośrednią presją przedstawicieli wspólnoty międzynarodowej. W treści można zapoznać się z rolą, jaką odgrywają poszczególne organy władzy państwowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem 3-osobowego Prezydium Bośni i Hercegowiny, Rady Ministrów oraz parlamentu. Ponadto opisane zostały podstawy prawne funkcjonowania wojska oraz wybranych służb policyjnych.
EN
The article is an attempt to present and analyze the legal basis of the security system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are presented both its origin and subsequent evolution, which was mostly shaped by a direct pressure from the representatives of the interna-tional community. The article describes the roles played by the various organs of state power, with particular emphasis on the three-person Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council of Ministers and the Parliament. Moreover, there is a description of the legal framework for functioning of the military and selected police forces
7

Projekt rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie Wspólnego Europejskiego Prawa Sprzedaży

63%
Wolski D.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2012
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vol. 21
|
issue 3
809-827
EN
On 11th of October 2011 the European Commission (EC) announced draft of the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Common European Sales Law (Regulation). This is a result of works on harmonization of European private law, especially contract law, lasting for a long time. Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR), Green Paper from the Commission on policy options for progress towards a European Contracts Law for Consumers and Businesses and drawn up by the Expert Group Feasibility Study (last version dated on 19th of August 2011) are considered as the main stages in the harmonization of European contract law process. Finally, the European Commission decided to limit the scope of draft of the Regulation presented last year to B2C and certain B2B cross-border transactions within the European Union. This means that the scope of current EC proposal significantly differs in particularly from DCFR , which encompassed not only almost all contract law relations, but also non-contractual liability. Consequently, such a ‘narrow’ scope of the EC proposal as well as its binding force may rise some doubts. Nevertheless, there are also more concerns against the background of draft of the Regulation. First of all, the legal basis of the proposed Regulation can rise significant objections. To this extend EC indicated art. 114 the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which is deemed as a basis of all actions undertaken within the scope of harmonization of EU law. On the other hand, art. 114 of TFEU is considered only as a basis of harmonization leading to internal market establishing and development. At this moment first doubt as regards to discussed EC proposal can be faced. Equally important concerns can rise on the basis of proportionality and subsidiarity principles. Against the background of consistency EC proposal with these two main principles of EU law a few important doubts can be seen. Unfortunately, the justification of EC accompanying the announcement of draft of the Regulation does not dispel mentioned concerns. All features mentioned above result the need of re-analyzing EC proposal, in particular from the perspective of treaty basis and main principles of EU law. Moreover, in the line of proposed Regulation, its rules should be interpreted autonomously and without any recourses to legal systems of member states. This causes another concerns, because it is difficult to imagine, especially by such narrow scope of applicability, that EC project can by use independently. Even more, this interpretation and applicability rules will be lead to many conflicts with the law of member states. Since the project is still in consultation phase, issues mentioned above are worth to re-thinking which will be served the avoidance of serious problems when the EC proposal will come into force.
8

Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

63%
Miedzińska M.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2019
|
issue 3(53)
121-134
EN
The foundations and the operating framework of the institutions of the European Union and its Member States are determined by legal acts established at the EU level. The legal bases at the EU level contain key standards in the scope of protection of the financial interests of the European Union and are the main determinants for individual EU countries when their legal institutions create legal bases at the national level. The aim of the work is to present the main legal basis for the protection of the financial interests of the European Union at the EU level, which will help to examine the impact of these provisions on detected irregularities and fraud in the EU.
PL
Podstawy oraz ramy działania instytucji Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich wyznaczają akty prawne ustanawiane na poziomie unijnym. Podstawy prawne na poziomie unijnym zawierają kluczowe normy w zakresie ochrony interesów finansowych Unii Europejskiej oraz stanowią główne wyznaczniki dla poszczególnych państw UE przy tworzeniu przez ich właściwe instytucje podstaw prawnych na poziomie krajowym. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie głównych podstaw prawnych dotyczących ochrony interesów finansowych Unii Europejskiej na poziomie unijnym, co przyczyni się do zbadania wpływu tych przepisów na wykrywane nieprawidłości i nadużyć finansowych w UE.
9
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Chrześcijańscy kapelani w więzieniach II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych (na przykładzie więzienia w Równem)

51%
Razyhrayev O.
Rocznik Skrzatuski
|
2020
|
vol. 8
237-249
PL
Artykuł ma charakter źródłowy i jest poświęcony prawnym podstawom pracy duszpasterskiej kapelanów w II Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie karno-śledczego więzienia w Równem. W tekście zostały opublikowane dwie umowy w sprawie stosunku służbowego zawarte w drugiej połowie lat 30. między naczelnikiem więzienia a kapelanami: rzymskokatolickim – księdzem kanonikiem Ludwikiem Syrewiczem oraz prawosławnym – księdzem mitratem Michałem Jakowlewem (Mychajło Jakowlew). Obaj duszpasterze mieli charakter pracowników kontraktowych pracujących na podstawie odrębnych umów, które faktycznie mało się różniły między sobą (za wyjątkiem wysokości wynagrodzenia). Ustalono, że zgodnie z opublikowanymi umowami kapelani byli zobowiązani odprawiać w więzieniu nabożeństwa, wygłaszać nauki w niedziele i święta, odwiedzać więźniów w celach, wykładać naukę religii w szkole więziennej itd. Wszystko to niewątpliwie miało pozytywny wychowawczy, duchowy oraz kulturalno-oświatowy wpływ na więźniów.
EN
The article is devoted to the legal foundations of pastoral work of chaplains in the Second Polish Republic on the example of the prison in Rowne (Równe). Namely, in the text is published contract of employment that was concluded in the second half of the 1930s between the prison head and chaplains: Roman Catholic – canon priest Ludwik Syrewicz and Orthodox – father mitrat Michał Jakowlew (Mychajło Jakowlew). Both pastors were employees and worked on the basis of separate contracts that actually did not differ much (except for the amount of salary). It was established that, in accordance with published contracts, chaplains were required to perform services in prison, deliver the sermon on Sundays and holidays, visit prisoners in cells, teach religious education in prison school, etc. All this undoubtedly had a positive educational, spiritual and cultural and educational impact on prisoners.
10
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Poszukiwanie podstaw prawnych roszczeń odszkodowawczych przedsiębiorców za szkody spowodowane ograniczeniami działalności gospodarczej w celu zwalczania Covid-19 – część II

38%
Papis W.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
|
2021
|
vol. 1
|
issue XXI
155-172
EN
In the second part of the article, the author discusses the procedure for recognizing normative acts as unconstitutional - which is the basis for claiming compensation from the state treasury for damages caused by the application of these unconstitutional normative acts and regulations based on the provisions of substantive civil law. When analyzing the content of the regulations regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, the author reviews the regulations that raise doubts in the doctrine as to their constitutionality. He also notes the inconsistency of these provisions with the legal system. Finally, the problem of possible compensation of the state treasury for damages caused by the legal activities of public authorities is discussed.
PL
W drugiej części artykułu autor omawia procedurę uznawania aktów normatywnych za niekonstytucyjne – co stanowi podstawę do dochodzenia odszkodowania od Skarbu Państwa za szkody spowodowane przez stosowanie tych niekonstytucyjnych aktów normatywnych i przepisów w oparciu o przepisy materialnego prawa cywilnego. Analizując materię przepisów dotyczących epidemii COVID-19, autor dokonuje przeglądu przepisów budzących wątpliwości w doktrynie co do ich konstytucyjności. Zauważa również niespójność tych przepisów z systemem prawa. Na koniec poruszony zostaje problem ewentualnych odszkodowań Skarbu Państwa za szkody spowodowane legalnym działaniem organów publicznych.
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