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Tree pruning in the structural approach to vowel reduction and lenition

100%
Drabikowska K.
Linguistics Beyond and Within
|
2021
|
vol. 7
19-32
EN
The article scrutinises several vowel reduction and lenition phenomena by employing a model of syntax-like structural representations, i.e. Government Phonology 2.0. In contrast to the standard GP model, whereby lenition and vowel reduction can be viewed as shortening, element suppression or status switching, the structural approach employs the procedure of tree pruning with a heavily limited role of melodic annotation. This paper will take a closer look at node removal with special attention to its trajectory. In particular, two basic directionalities are considered: top-down and bottom-up. The former has been proposed to account for vowel reduction whereby the highest positions are deleted retaining the head and potentially its sister. The acquisition of plosives and fricatives points to the latter trajectory, which disposes of nodes closer to the head. However, the choice of positions that are targeted in weak contexts might be also related to the inherently encoded hierarchy of terminal nodes within the constituents in question.
2
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Artikulační, percepční a akustická různorodost českých afrikát – elektropalatografická studie:

72%
Machač P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 1
26-42
EN
This study is a part of a wider research of articulatory weakening (fricativization) of the voiceless affricates /ts/ and /t∫/ in contemporary Czech. The affricates were analysed in three respects: (a) auditorily, (b) articulatorily, with the use of electropalatography, and (c) acoustically. Auditorily, three perceptual categories were established: canonical, weakened and fricativized. The legitimacy of these categories was subsequently supported by acoustic measurements and articulatory data. The results show the relative stability of the intervocalic affricates, a strong tendency towards fricativization as a consequence of dissimilation processes, and furthermore, dependence on speaker and gender. A methodology of a complex analysis of affricate reduction was created.
3
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Kilka uwag o fonetyce ligi bałkańskiej

72%
Bednarczuk L.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2023
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issue 18
35-39
EN
The focus of this article is the origins of (1) reduced vowels in languages of the Balkan Sprachbund, (2) lenition of soft stops, (3) its (pre)nasalization, (4) the change of -n- into -r- in the Tosk dialect of Albanian and a similar process in Old Romanian as well as the Istro Romanian, Maramuresh and Oltenian dialects of this language, a parallel change of Latin -l- into -r- in common Romanian and certain Italian dialects.
4

Beats-and-Binding phonology explorations into /s/ voicing in English

58%
Haładewicz-Grzelak M.
Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching
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2014
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issue 11
25-66
EN
Is /s/ voicing an active (natural) process in contemporary English phonology? Is there a possibility to trace a common denominator to all the disjoint contexts of English /s/ voicing? In standard Natural Phonology fricative voicing is assumed to be an example of a morpho-nological rule – that is, a dead process which lost its phonetic conditioning (cf. Donegan and Stampe 2009). The hypothesis which I will propose in this paper is that the apparent medley status of /s/ voicing in English can be partially explained within Beats-and-Binding phonology as a group of natural preferences which, however, can be blocked by morphological information in a set of contexts. To address this issue I shall present a survey of how the problem of fricative voicing in English has been handled in a selection of strands of phonological theory (e.g. Prins 1977; Kim 2001; Chomsky and Halle 1968; Westbury and Keating 1986). Then I make a proposal to address the issue from a different perspective: a B&B formalization and an explanation of some of the voicing contexts, by proposing an extension to the B&B paradigm, namely, the notion of a stress concentrator, which is proposed here as a property of tonic binding in Prototypical Stress-timed Languages. The discussion also uses insights from Zabrocki’s (1980 [1960]) structural phonetics.
FR
La prononciation du /s/ est-elle un processus actif (naturel) dans la phonologie anglaise contemporaine? Est-il possible de tracer un dénominateur commun pour tous les contextes disjoints de la prononciation anglaise du /s/? Dans la phonologie naturelle standard, la prononciation des fricatifs est considérée comme un exemple d’une règle morphonologique – c’est-à-dire d’un processus mort qui a perdu sa détermination phonétique (cf. Donegan et Stampe 2009). L’hypothèse que je propose dans cet article est que le statut apparemment mixte du voisement du /s/ en anglais peut être partiellement expliqué par la phonologie Beats-and-Binding (phono-logie des battements et des liaisons) comme un groupe des préférences naturelles qui peuvent cependant être bloquées par l’information morphologique dans certains contextes. Pour aborder cette question, je vais présenter une étude des manières dont le problème du voisement des fricatives en anglais fut traité dans une sélection des théories phonologiques (par exemple: Prins, 1977; Kim, 2001; Chomsky et Halle 1968; Westbury et Keating 1986). Ensuite, je propose d’aborder la question de perspective différente, c’est-à-dire du point de vue de la formalisation B&B et de l’explication de quelques contextes de prononciation, en proposant une extension du paradigme B&B, notamment de la notion du concentrateur d’accentuation, qui est postulé ici comme propre à la liaison tonique dans les langues dont le rythme est fonction des syllabes accentuées. Dans la discussion j’utilise également les idées de la phonétique structurelle de Zabrocki (1980 [1960]).
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