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Phonological aspects of the integration of Romance loans in English

100%

Diensberg B.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 17

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issue 1

7-24

EN

English lexemes containing intrusive nasal consonants mostly have a difficult origin in common. In what follows (part I), the relevant word material will be ordered according to its phonological structure. In principle we follow the ordering of Gustav Muthmann’s Reverse English Dictionary. Based on Phonological and Morphological Principles of 2002. In cases such as jig v. and its frequentative jiggle v., paralleled by most probably related and nearly synonymous jog v. and its frequentative joggle v., the attested forms are not only rare but also late. Therefore, we have been constrained to base some etymologies on roots, mostly of imitative origin. In part II, some French loan verbs, which show unusual retention of Old French -er/-re in Middle English, will be examined.

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Функциональный аспект синекдохи абстрактных и социально маркированных лексем в публицистических текстах Ивана Франко / Funkcionaľnyj aspekt sinekdochi abstraktnych i sociaľno markirovannych leksem v publicističeskich tekstach Ivana Franko

86%

Blinova N.

Kształcenie Językowe

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2013

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vol. 11 (21)

121 - 137

EN

In the article the author examines the functional and stylistic properties of abstract and socially marked lexemes in the journalistic writings from 1878–1907 of the well-known Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. The author focuses on the functional capabilities of abstract and socially marked lexemes that revealed their semantic potential in terms of figurative meaning — synecdoche. The author has found 53 synecdochic lexemes in Franko’s works. The article deals with types of synecdoche already recognised by scholars as well as examples of the type of rhetoric called contextual synec-doche, where quantitative semantic shifts are seen in a broader syntactic context, not just with regard to individual words or groups of words. Abstract notions are represented in Franko’s writings by means of lexemes like thought, step, act of parliament, law, word, bureaucracy, capital, labour. Socially marked vocabulary is used more often and is represented by lexemes indicating the social standing of the individual, his or her profession etc.: monarch, clerk, tyrant, capitalist, emperor, scout, kulak, nobleman, feudal lord, slave (kripak), bumpkin, worker, proletarian, sociologist, writer, recruit, savage, entrepreneur, servant, poor, rich, factory owner, craftsman. Franko uses mainly two models of meaning transfer: “the singular denoting the plural,” and grouping notions and objects according to their collocations “replacing the genre with the kind.” The author of the paper examines the numerous and varied collocations in which synecdoche functions, collocations testifying to its great contamination capacity, which is conducive to the optimal linguistic organisation of a piece of journalistic writing as well as a detailed description of a given theme or problem.

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Polskie homilie Jana Pawła II – rekonesans badawczy

86%

Zagórska K.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2011

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vol. 18

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issue 1

57-72

PL

The article presents an overview of the Polish subject literature on the language of the homilies and speeches delivered by John Paul II. The second part of the article includes a discussion on the author’s own research study on the subject that takes into account the Pope’s use of one, autosemantic part of speech, the verb. The source material for the analysis has been excerpted from the homilies delivered by John Paul II in Polish during the Pope’s eight pilgrimages to his homeland. It includes homiletic texts from the years 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2002, i.e. from within the time bracket of 24 years. In 67 homilies, the Pope uttered 110,036 lexemes, which as a result of the analysis produced 1,787 verbal lexical units. The number of verbal lexeme formations amounts to 14,900. On average, one unit includes 225.75 verbal lexeme formations, whereas the average percentage share of verbal lexeme formations in the material under scrutiny is 13.54%.

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Gebet als Sprachhandlung im Ansatz von Richard Schaeffler

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Schreiber T. P.

Język - Szkoła - Religia

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2014

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vol. 9

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issue 1

153-168

DE

Schaeffler zeigt mit seinen Beiträgen sehr deutlich, dass das Gebet keine sinnlose sprachliche Äußerung ist und arbeitet sehr gut die Spezifika religiöser Sprache heraus, was besonders an Beispielen in Psalmen und am Magnificat deutlich werden konnte. Er wies auf das Selbstverständnis der Beterin/des Beters hin und zeichnete dies am Beispiel Mariens nach. An ihrem Beispiel konnten wir sehen, wie religiöses Sprechen die eigene Person zur Sprache bringen kann und wie in der Sprache der Adressat berücksichtigt wird in Rückgebundenheit auf die eigene Existenz. Das Gebet hat Bestand durch die Zeit hindurch und ruft somit eine immer größere Gemeinschaft zusammen, die dieselben Worte ein und desselben Gebetes weitergeben kann und somit ermöglicht, eine Tradition aufrechtzuerhalten, in der Geschichte und Gegenwart zusammenfließen und einen Bestand für die Zukunft garantieren. Die gemeinsame Gebetssprache, wie z.B. die Psalmen oder das „Vater Unser“, ist ein wichtiger Faktor, der ein Erblühen und Weiterblühen einer Gemeinde möglich macht. Gott kann durch die Zeit hindurch als ein und derselbe erkannt werden. Auch über den Wandel zahlreicher Zeitalter hinaus erkennen wir immer wieder neu die Bedeutung des Aufstrahlens Gottes. Das biblische „Siehe, da“ weist auf eine Tat Gottes hin, die plötzlich zu geschehen scheint und doch große Wirkung weit über diesen einen Moment hinaus zu wirken vermag. Um diese Zeit der religiösen Erfahrungswelt ständig wach zu halten, bedarf es einer Treue der Erinnerung. Durch das Gebet im Gegenüber von Gott findet die Beterin/der Beter erst ihre/ seine Identität. Gebet ist identitätsstiftend. In diesem Artikel wurde der Hauptakzent auf Gebetssprache gelegt. Es wurde darzustellen versucht, dass diese Form so verschieden sie von der Alltagssprache sein mag, alles andere als sinnlos ist. Sowohl die Begriffe „Gebet“, wie „Sprache“ sind Begriffe, die viele Bedeutungen haben können und jeder/jede kann darunter etwas anderes verstehen, je nach Vorverständnis. Doch konnte aufgewiesen werden, wie wichtig deren Eigenheiten mit ihren tiefen Bedeutungen sind.

EN

The following article analyses the theory of language of prayer introduced by Richard Schaeffler, a German philosopher and theologian. The author of the article refers to the following writings by R. Schaeffler: „Das Gebet und das Argument. Zwei Weisen des Sprechens von Gott. Eine Einführung in die Theorie der religiösen Sprache“ (Prayer and argument. Two ways of talking about God. Introduction to the theory of religious language), „Kleine Sprachlehre des Gebets“ (On the language of prayer) and „Religionsphilosophie“ (The philosophy of religion). What he attempts to demonstrate is that, if we base on the Schaeffler’s inquiries, a statement, which is a prayer, is never senseless. Despite the fact that, as we can read in the preface, the statement does not function as a informational or motivational tool, it still serves as a lingual act, which sacramentally builds a relation between God and a human. Schaeffler shows the unique nature of religious language, he especially seeks for examples in psalms and the Magnificat. He emphasizes the self-awareness of a praying man, as exemplified by Mary. Her example allows us to see how we can express ourselves through praying, and how we refer to prayer’s addressee in the context of our own existence. Prayer has existed for centuries and binds more and more people into a community. The community has been sustaining the tradition through passing down the words of the same prayer. In the tradition in question the past and the present are combined which guarantees its lasting. The common language of prayer, e.g psalms or the Our Father, is an important factor which allows the community to last and develop. God has been recognized for centuries as the one and the same. People find Him over and over again in the changing historical periods. The evangelical texts tell about particular events (e.g. calming the storm, Mt 8, 23–25), one-time acts of God, still having influence in subsequent periods and changing people’s lives. To sustain the religious world of experiences alive being faithful to memory is required. Only through prayer, in contact with God, a praying man can find and create his own awareness. What has been greatly emphasized in the article is the language of prayer. The author attempts to show that this language, no matter how different from everyday language, certainly has its own sense. The lexemes prayer and language have many meanings and everyone can understand them differently, depending on the knowledge and experience gained. What has been made evident here is how important the deep meanings of these lexemes truly are.

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Phonological aspects of the integration of Romance loans in English

Polskie homilie Jana Pawła II – rekonesans badawczy

Gebet als Sprachhandlung im Ansatz von Richard Schaeffler