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EN
Aim: The author hereof pursued two goals. In the first part, the history of founding a Catholic university in Dublin in the mid-nineteenth century by John Henry Newman was presented, while in the second part the author presented two key issues taken up by Newman in his well-known and respected work entitled The Idea of a University – the question of the value of, firstly, liberal education and, secondly, denominational education. Methods: The methods used by the author are situated in the field of the history and philosophy of education. The historical dimension is the reconstruction of the facts accompanying Newman’s activity in Dublin, while the philosophical dimension – the analysis of selected threads of the paper entitled: The Idea of a University and the reflection on their relevance in modern times. Results: As a result of the conducted research, the complexity of the social and religious situation in which the English clergyman operated, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments included in above-mentioned paper were clearly revealed.
EN
The practical aspect of integrated approach to the preparation of future specialists in Ukraine and abroad has been investigated in the article. The mentioned approach facilitates the establishment of conceptual intercommunications among professionally oriented disciplines and liberal arts so far as it’s based on several subjects common ideas. The curricula, structural abstracts, disciplines programs analysis of some countries universities (the USA, Great Britain, Australia, Switzerland and Ukraine) has been carried out by the author. The analysis has highlighted the positive effect of public-spirited and social sciences on future professional personality. The disciplines synthesized liberal arts and narrow professional spheres of study are taught at the most of universities occupying leader positions of the world rating. The efficiency of the integrated approach is confirmed by demand on these higher educational establishments graduating students in the labour market. The examination of thirteen Ukrainian higher educational establishments’ curricula certifies that the humanitarian constituent of educational process is presented by the research discipline group like Philosophy, Political science, Culture study, History of Ukraine, Foreign language, Bases of scientific research. However, it is a mainly standard set of disciplines regardless of any specialty or students competence level. The investigation of scientific researches and practical developments testifies to availability of educational courses and appropriate methodical support. What is more, most of them have been put to an evaluation test, confirmed their application expediency at higher school by the results promulgation in professional editions, defense of dissertations, edition of methodical recommendations and manuals. But quite often the groundwork goes waste and turns into passive «portfolio» of national science. We are convinced the synthesis of the professionally oriented and base material of liberal arts promotes the effective teaching of such special courses as «Professional Business Communication», «Public Relations», «Business Psychology», «Professional Foreign Language» at all stages of professional training. The integrated special courses have positive impacts on the acquisition of professional competences and skills. The research also underlines the key role of integrated disciplines in addressing the socioeconomic challenges.
EN
The article describes MISH college at the University of Warsaw as a case study of European liberal education. An inductive approach to defining liberal education is proposed and exemplified by reconstructing the organization and educational ideal of MISH. In 1993 MISH offered a small group of highly selected candidates an opportunity to develop inter disciplinary, individual curricula and work with an academic tutor of their choosing. Over the next two decades, nine Polish research universities, and six universities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia adopted this model to their needs and organizational context. Along a separate degree-granting program in Kolegium Artes Liberales UW established in 2008, MISH continues to operate. International researchers, and the creator of MISH, qualify it as liberal education program. Original proposal of the article maintains that in the case of MISH the aim (active, engaged and trusting academic community) and principles (critical thinking, communal thinking, and operational independence) are related to specific values (opposition, republicanism, autonomy). Such idea, often blurred by organizational peculiarities, can be understood as unique variation on the theme of liberal education in Europe. The role of MISH in Polish higher education system is discussed alongside basic differences with similar programs, most notably in the Netherlands. The article concludes with a plea for greater emphasis on diverse ideas of liberal education in the pluralist European higher education landscape.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę studiów MISH jako przypadku edukacji liberalnej we współczesnej Europie. Od 1993 r. Międzywydziałowe Indywidualne Studia Humanistyczne stanowią alternatywną formułę studiów w dziewięciu wybranych uniwersytetach publicznych w Polsce, pozwalającą studentom realizować interdyscyplinarne programy studiów ułożone we współpracy z tutorem w wybranych obszarach wiedzy. Miarą ich międzynarodowego sukcesu było otwarcie podobnych form kształcenia na Ukrainie, Białorusi i w Rosji. Mimo skomplikowanej formuły organizacyjnej zostały one uznane przez badaczy za przykład współczesnej europejskiej edukacji liberalnej, głównie na podstawie autodeklaracji kierownictwa, w szczególności pomysłodawcy Jerzego Axera. Celem tego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja interpretacji pojęcia edukacji liberalnej w formie potrójnego ideału edukacyjnego: autonomii, republikanizmu i zaangażowania. Wykorzystane w nim zostaną wnioski z analizy artykułów naukowych, dokumentów wewnętrznych i częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadów z kierownictwem MISH UW - ośrodka największego, najbardziej autonomicznego i oferującego największą liczbę i najwyższą jakość danych. MISH przedstawiony jest jako wariacjana temat edukacji liberalnej, w wyjątkowy sposób prezentująca zestaw celów, zasad i wartości wyznawanych przez kierownictwo. Dyskusja dotyczy szerszej roli studiów MISH w polskim systemie szkolnictwa wyższego, specyfiki MISH na tle innych przykładów edukacji liberalnej oraz roli gęstych analiz idei edukacyjnej dla budowy wiarygodnego obrazu jedności i zróżnicowania europejskiej edukacji liberalnej.
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EN
Upbringing is in the centre of interest of all societies and is indivisibly linked with authority, for which reason it lies at the basis of all political programmes – sometimes unknowingly, like in the case of traditional societies, and sometimes in a very obvious fashion, like in utopian projects, which can be seen in both Plato’s Republic and the communist experiment, as well as in democratic countries. For this reason the educational system both serves as an important instrument in the hands of political structures, and has a powerful influence on the sphere of culture. The author concentrates on the cultural or, if you prefer, civilizational aspect of today’s education in the West, with particular reference to the university, an institution which is a product of European culture and arose from features specific to Europe. In this context he writes about the place and role of evaluation in the educational system.
PL
Wychowanie tkwi w centrum zainteresowania każdego społeczeństwa i wiąże się nierozdzielnie z władzą, leży zatem u podstaw każdego programu politycznego, choćby nawet nieuświadomionego, jak w przypadku społeczeństw tradycyjnych, a bardzo wyraźnie w projektach utopijnych, co można zaobserwować od Państwa Platona po eksperyment komunistyczny czy także państwa demokratyczne. Z tego powodu system edukacyjny staje się nie tylko ważnym narzędziem w rękach struktur politycznych, ale ma przemożny wpływ na sferę kultury. Chciałbym skupić się na aspekcie kulturowym czy, jak ktoś woli, cywilizacyjnym dzisiejszej edukacji w krajach Zachodu, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na uniwersytet, instytucję, która jest wytworem właśnie kultury europejskiej i zrodziła się z cech dla niej specyficznych. Zastanowię się w tym kontekście nad miejscem i rolą ewaluacji w systemie kształcenia.
EN
The following essay discusses liberal (arts) education from critical discourse analysis perspective. After a historical and philosophical introduction, three examples of liberal education discourse are discussed: 1) ‘liberal arts’ vs. ‘liberal education’, 2) ‘liberal arts’ and ‘neoliberal arts’ and 3) descriptions of liberal education at Wagner College in 1970 and 2013. The article concludes with a general reflection on liberal education in the current educational landscape and a tentative agenda for using the critical discourse analysis toolbox in further studies.
PL
Głównym zadaniem artykułu jest przybliżenie poglądów J. H. Newmana zawartych w Idei Uniwersytetu. Z punktu widzenia tematu pracy ważne są cztery prelekcje – piąta, szósta, siódma i ósma – zatytułowane kolejno: „Wiedza celem dla siebie”, „Wiedza a uczoność”, „Wiedza a przygotowanie do zawodu” i „Wiedza wobec religii”. Traktują one o wykształceniu uniwersyteckim. Newman odrzuca w nich kształcenie szczegółowe i specjalistyczne, optując jednocześnie za „edukacją liberalną”, której celem jest intelekt i wiedza sama w sobie. Przeanalizowałem z jednej strony jego krytykę podejścia utylitarnego do edukacji, z drugiej natomiast zrekonstruowałem Newmanowską wizję „wolnego wykształcenia”. Przedstawiłem zwłaszcza ostateczny rezultat takiego nauczania z punktu widzenia wychowanka uniwersytetu i jego działania w społeczeństwie. Nieodzowne było przypomnienie sporu z początku XIX wieku między publicystami „Edinburgh Review” a obrońcami Uniwersytetu Oksfordzkiego. Pierwsi z praktycznej użyteczności uczynili kryterium dobrych studiów. Dla drugich to kryterium było nie do przyjęcia, a za najważniejsze uważali wyrobienie intelektu. Newman, referując powyższy konflikt, opowiada się po stronie obrońców oksfordzkiego programu studiów i od nich poniekąd przejmuje spojrzenie na kształcenie uniwersyteckie. Na marginesie rozważań Newmana o uniwersytecie pojawiają się ponadto wątki, poruszone także w niniejszym artykule, dotyczące pożytków płynących z wiedzy, zwłaszcza z wiedzy humanistycznej, w tym filozofii; znaczenia kształcenia i formacji społecznej w murach uniwersytetu oraz elity społeczeństwa, czyli dżentelmenów.
EN
The main goal of this article is to elucidate J. H. Newman’s views that were presented in “University Idea”. Taking into consideration the subject of the work, there are four important lectures (the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth) entitled as follows : Knowledge its own end, Knowledge viewed in relation to learning, Knowledge viewed in relation to Professional Skill, Knowledge viewed in relation to Religious Duty. These chapters deal with university education. Newman rejects a detailed and specialised study, opting at the same time for a “liberal education” whose aim is intellect and pure knowledge. I have analysed his critical approach toward utilitarian education, and have re-established Newman’s vision of “free education”. In particular, I have presented the final effect of this education from the university graduate’s point of view and his activity in society. It was necessary to recall the dispute from the beginning of 19th century between journalists of “The Edinburgh Review” and the defenders of Oxford University. The former made practical usefulness the criteria of good study. For others this criteria was unacceptable; for them the most important was intellect. In reporting this clash of opinions, Newman takes the side defending Oxford’s study programme and accepts their point of view. Of the crucial and complementary threads I also mentioned Newman’s opinions on: • The advantages arising from the knowledge, especially humanistic knowledge, including philosophy • The importance of education and social formations at the university • The elite of society – gentlemen
EN
The article is devoted to the problem of the place ascribed to liberal education (and most of all to humanities as constituting its essential part) in contemporary political thought. In times when many rightist as well as leftist thinkers diagnose a crisis of liberal democracy and its educational system, displaying much anxiety about the still-lowering level of citizens’ willingness to participate in a public sphere, some of them propose their diagnosis of such situation and postulates of reform aimed at raising the level of citizens’ engagement in democratic life. One of the means to achieving that goal is implementation of the idea of liberal education, which might work in favor of students’ character development, their acquisition of a holistic view of reality, and their consciousness of the fact of overlapping character of relations binding individual and communal wellbeing. The article aims at presenting theoretical ways of defending humanities in face of contemporary restatement of the role of liberal education in Western societies. The course of argument is following: firstly the transition made in XXth century from “liberal education” to “education to liberalism” (resulting in specialization and vocational character of science) will be traced. Then the opinions of critics to such model of education will be shown, focusing on the representatives of three political doctrines: republicanism, communitarianism and liberalism. In case of each of these group of thinkers their characteristic attitude towards humanities, will be displayed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono historię oraz rozwój australijskiej edukacji prawniczej poprzez omówienie sposobu ustanawiania uniwersyteckich szkół prawniczych oraz innych form nauczania prawa w australijskich stanach i terytoriach, zaczynając od osadnictwa europejskiego w 1788 roku, a kończąc na czasach współczesnych. Zwraca się w nim uwagę na kluczową rolę, jaką edukacja prawnicza odegrała w kształtowaniu się kultury prawniczej, tym samym przesądzając o tym, w jaki sposób działa system prawny w praktyce. W artykule wskazuje się, że australijska edukacja prawnicza może w satysfakcjonujący sposób zmierzyć się z podwójnym celem, jakim jest kształcenie praktyków prawa, zapewniając jednocześnie edukację, która ułatwia zdobywanie wiedzy i przekazywanie umiejętności prawniczych.
EN
This article examines the history and development of legal education in Australia by tracing the establishment of university law schools and other forms of legal education in the states and territories from the time of European settlement in 1788 until the present day. It considers the critical role played by legal education in shaping the culture of law and thus determining how well the legal system operates in practice. It argues that Australian legal education can satisfactorily meet the twin objectives of training individuals as legal practitioners, whilst providing a liberal education that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge and transferable legal skills.
EN
This article includes an analysis of relationship between concepts of moral education, liberal education and natural law. It shows how classical Greek philosophy influenced Christian thought. Moreover, there is consideration regarding what has changed in the understanding the concept of virtue.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę relacji między pojęciami kształcenia ogólnego, wychowania moralnego oraz prawa naturalnego. W tekście pokazano również wpływ klasycznej filozofii greckiej na myśl chrześcijańską. Ponadto, prześledzono zmiany rozumienia pojęcia cnoty.
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2021
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vol. 10
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issue 1
103–133
EN
In this article I argue for the pedagogical complementarity of the perennial wisdom of St. Thomas and Mortimer Adler’s dialectical method of the Great Books, where the Great Books highlight the ministerial function of the imagination to the will and intellect in the order of learning. Characterized by communal inquiry, the thought of St. Thomas and the Great Books are shown to be well matched instruments of the special Providence by which we direct one another to our proper end. A review of key Thomistic dispositions of teaching and learning, the nature of authentic conversation, and various objections and replies to the Great Books method of education and its alliance with the thought of St. Thomas focus the analysis. Several points of contact enrich the task of liberal learning. The Great Books are seen to supply students of St. Thomas with the spontaneous play of associations, rapprochements and comparisons as they strive to apply texts to the practices of virtue and truth seeking, while the perennial wisdom directs the students’ personal exegesis through the rigor of philosophical principles, logic, and distinctions.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue 3
95-113
EN
In this paper it will be explained that there is some ambiguity over how much Newman’s arguments for liberal education are actually grounded in more general theological arguments about the distinctive nature of Catholic education. In what follows it will be argued that Newman's work is helpful in drowning attention to one of the central problems within the theory of Catholic education, namely what ought to be the relationship between educational and (Catholic) theology.
PL
W niniejszym artykule zostaną wyjaśnione kwestie związane z pewną ambiwalencją dotyczącą sposobu argumentacji przez Newmana potrzeby „wolnej” edukacji (liberal education), a także w jaki sposób różnicuje się ona na gruncie teologicznym w stosunku do całości edukacji katolickiej. Przedstawione zagadnienia są argumentem za tym, że rozprawy Newmana stanowią bardzo pomocne źródło dla opisu jednego z centralnych problemów wewnątrz teorii wychowania katolickiego, a mianowicie należytej relacji pomiędzy teorią edukacji a samą teologią (katolicką).
EN
The text presents thoughts of American philosopher of education Daniel R. DeNicola on liberal education contained in his book under the title „Learning to Flourishing. A Philosophical Exploration of Liberal Education”, published in 2012. He describes education realised in American Liberal Arts Colleges. Analysing paradigms in which liberal education developed and created its long and differentiated tradition, starting from the transmission of culture up to the skills of learning, DeNicola argues that none of them lost their validity. Building the thin (not thick) normative theory of liberal education aimed at the flourishing life, he states that we can still recall them all and rebuild the sense of that education. Its axiological distinctive features are freedom, autonomy, democracy and truth. DeNicola’s proposition is worth of discussing in Polish pedagogy where the prevalent equivalent of liberal education is general education. The main aims of the text are to strengthen the philosophical argument in favour of understanding general education more linked to liberal education because of its liberal elements, consequently to renew the sense of education as whole and finally to strengthen didactics philosophically.
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