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EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the process of numbering the noun in the Polish dialects and the South Polish language. The basis for the analysis is the noun “siła”, in its original meaning designating cetain objects or phenomena and, in conjunction with other nouns, denoting approximately the numer of items in a set. An analysis of the contexts in which the selected lex occurs shows its multi-stage and multi-directional semantic development, which leads to a shift of words from the noun class to the numeral class. Observing the development of the changes to the meaning of words shows that the numbering of nouns in dialects is similar to that in the general language. The semantic development of quantitative nouns, not only for numerical words, but also for adverbs, distinguishes the dictionary of dialects from the general Polish language.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie procesu numeralizacji rzeczownika w gwarach polskich oraz polszczyźnie poludniowokresowej. Podstawę analizy stanowi rzeczownik siła, który w swoim znaczeniu pierwotnym nazywa konkretne przedmioty czy zjawiska, a w połączeniu z innymi rzeczownikami oznacza w sposób przybliżony liczebność danego zbioru. Analiza kontekstów, w których występuje wyselekcjonowany leksem, pokazuje jego wieloetapowy i wielokierunkowy rozwój semantyczny, którego rezultatemjest przesunięcie wyrazów z klasy rzeczowników do klasy liczebników. Obserwacja ewolucji zmian znaczeniowych wyrazów wykazuje, że numeralizacja rzeczowników w gwarach przebiega podobnie jak w języku ogólnym. Cechą odróżniającą leksykę gwarową od polszczyzny ogólnej jest niestandardowy rozwój semantyczny rzeczowników ilościowych, polegający na wchodzeniu w zależności charakterystyczne nie tylko dla liczebników, ale także dla przysłówków.
EN
The objective of this article is a linguistic description of selected lexical units that determine number in an indefinite manner in general lexicons of the Polish language. The lexemes in question include: dużo (a lot of), mało (few), trochę (a little), kilka (a few), parę (several), wiele (many). The analysis is based on the most popular general lexicons published in the form of books after 1980, i.e.: Współczesny słownik języka polskiego (The Contemporary Lexicon of the Polish Language), ed. B. Dunaj, Warsaw 1996, Inny słownik języka polskiego (A Different Lexicon of the Polish Language), ed. M Bańko, Warsaw 2000 and Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego (The General Lexicon of the Polish Language), ed. S. Dubisz, Warsaw 2003. The incentive for the analysis has been the fact that the last two decades of the 20th century gave rise to the development of new linguistic theories, and in order to systematize approaches to lexicographic description we need reference to linguistic classification into so-called parts of speech, especially to the characteristics of numerals?. Out of necessity some theoretical aspects were presented only briefly. The article emphasizes difficulties in meeting the requirement linguistic description included in the lexicon should comply with the newest linguistic theories.
Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 36
303-310
EN
The objective of this acticle is a linguistics description of one lexem that I have selected – gwałt. It represents a group of nouns so-called “quantitive nouns”. Those lexems being genetically nouns by undergoing a gradual numeralisation process are used to describe quantity or size of a given set. As a result of such slow lexicalisation in the function of numerals, the subject group that contains such noun adopts the form of predicate typical of numeral structures, i.e. third person singular, neuter gender (in case of forms that determine gender), which determines that fact that given lexem is used as a numeral, e.g.: na jeziorze pływało gwałt kaczek. In the analysis the particulary attention has been paid to features common for both the general language and dialects as well as to these aspects which clearly shows a difference between the diacectical lexis and general Polish. This paper shows that opposed to general language the dialectical lexem – gwałt enters into relations typical not only of numerals but also of adverbs, e.g.: a to płótno było gwałt moncniejsze jak kupne.
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