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EN
The consequence of acknowledging that language abilities are an inherent property of man is that the actual speaker/ listener has come to the foreground of linguistic deliberations and thereby the emphasis in these reflections and in the research has been shifted to what is happening in the brain as far as language processes are concerned. The last few decades, due to increasingly modern technologi­cal solutions, have brought about the possibility of more detailed and in-depth explorations of human brain functioning and its properties. In the first part of the present article, the characteristics of the object of research in linguistics are presented, and in the second, the possibilities of its exploration are described. Special attention was focused on the possibilities of using eye-tracking research in applied linguistics. Summing up the observations, it should be admitted that in order to make progress in linguistics and to be innovative, experimental research carried out using apparatus must be incorporated and started. However, it must be emphasized that this type of experimental research in linguistics, including obviously eye-tracking studies, is scientifically relevant only to the point that it really contributes to the creation of new knowledge or the verification of scientific knowledge gained earlier, and only if it contributes to the scientific exploration of the object of linguistics.
EN
The article presents the main directions of Polish research in the field of applied linguistics in its traditional sense. Moreover, it analyses the most significant achievements of the Polish linguists on the basis of the monograph Lingwistyka stosowana. Zarys jej historii, zadań i dokonań. (Applied Linguistics. History, objectives, achievements.) by Professor Franciszek Grucza. The first part discusses issues of terminology concerning the reality referred to as applied linguistics, its subject, goals and objectives as presented by F. Grucza, whereas the second provides an outline of the history of the Polish applied linguistics. The third part enumerates main branches of applied linguistics sensu largo developed by Polish linguists as well as describes one of its major achievements – glottodidactics.
EN
The aim of this article is to discuss metascientifi c and metalinguistic vision of (applied) linguistics. The article consists of three parts. The first part describes the phrase „applied linguistics" and presents the meanings attached to this phrase by other authors. The second part presents the Author's answer to the question concerning science, i.e. the question with regard to distinctive features of science in the world of human activities in general, and cognitive activities in particular. The third part attempts to present the designative and denotative function of the phrase „applied linguistics". Moreover, this part of the article shows the Author's view on linguistics in general, especially on its main subject and on its cognitive tasks.
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