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EN
The main issue of this article is primarily the paratextual comments by Marguerite Yourcenar made about her novel Memoirs of Hadrian. Paradoxically — despite all the objections of the author against recognising the text in terms of apocrypha (defined as a strong hoax / forgery) — the remarks confirm the diagnosis of the apocryphal character of the novel in another sense. Those self-commentaries, which relate to efforts to uphold ancient realities and build the illusion behind the authenticity of the autobiography of the emperor, support the idea and such understanding of apocrypha, which fully utilizes the potential genre intertext, or biblical apocrypha. The apocryphal character of Memoirs of Hadrian and other literary quasi-autobiographical fictions are not false attributions in which the role of the author is to play real historical persons, determine mimetic convention of a narrative, re-narration and re-focalization and related to them is the supplementation of biographical or (possibly) autobiographical intertextuality.
EN
The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the literary biography as a possible object of sociological research. This article consists of two parts. In the first one, biography is presented in the perspective of literary communication between the hero and the author of the biography. The hero of biography is trying to give a definite meaning to his life in autobiographical data. The author can accept this meaning, but he or she can also reject it. We argue that between the hero and the author of the biography, there is sometimes an unspoken agreement (moral pact) that obligates the biographer to maintain intimacy, avoid treachery, not to undermine the confidence. In the second part analyzed strategies used by the authors of two biographies (by Andrzej Franszek and Artur Domosławski). These biographies were published almost simultaneously, both are dedicated to outstanding figures of Polish literature and public life. Both of them carry a different approach to the (auto)biographical material. While the first biography is an example of moral pact, the second one – on the contrary – violates it.
PL
Celem tekstu jest zwrócenie uwagi na biografię literacką jako przedmiot badań socjologicznych. Niniejszy artykuł składa się z dwóch powiązanych części. W pierwszej biografia zostaje przedstawiona w perspektywie komunikacji literackiej pomiędzy bohaterem biografii (który stara się nadać swojemu życiu określony sens i interpretację w materiałach autobiograficznych) a autorem, który może zaakceptować tę interpretację, ale może ją również odrzucić. Pomiędzy autorem i bohaterem istnieje niepisana umowa (pakt moralny), zobowiązująca biografa do zachowania intymności, unikania zdrady, niepodważania zaufania, jakim obdarzył go bohater. W drugiej części prześledzono strategie stosowane przez autorów dwóch biografii (Andrzeja Franszaka oraz Artura Domosławskiego). Biografie te zostały opublikowane niemal równolegle, obie poświęcono wybitnym postaciom polskiej literatury i życia publicznego. Obie ukazują odmienny stosunek do materiałów (auto)biograficznych. Podczas gdy jedna biografia jest przykładem dotrzymania paktu moralnego, druga jest przykładem jego naruszenia.
EN
The main idea of this article is the educational project entitled The local backgrounds. We are writing the biographies of the local heroes from Turek and Turek County conducted by students of Tadeusz Kosciuszko High School in Turek with the cooperation of the Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The author presents the story of cooperation in writing biographies and documentation – from the choice of the local character, through collecting the material and ways of showing it, to the final result, namely, public presentations and publishing the book containing nine biographical sketches illustrating activists, people of local history of the 20th and 21st century. The article tells the story of meeting the heroes and witnesses of the events and places connected with these people. The author also displays the methods of work enabling students to apply the skills of writing diverse forms of biographies. The material was illustrated with the fragments of sketches drawn by students and photographs taken during the realization of the project.  
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest projekt edukacyjny Życiorysy lokalne. Piszemy biografie bohaterów lokalnych z Turku i powiatu tureckiego realizowany przez uczniów I Liceum Ogólnokształcacego im. Tadeusza Kościuszki w Turku w ramach współpracy szkoły z Wydziałem Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza. Autorka przedstawia historię wspólnych działań z zakresu biografistyki i dokumentalistyki – od wyboru postaci z lokalnej historii, poprzez gromadzenie materiału, sposoby jego przedstawienia, aż po efekt końcowy, którym były publiczne prezentacje i wydanie książki zawierającej dziewięć szkiców biograficznych. Opowiada o spotkaniach z bohaterami i świadkami zdarzeń oraz miejscach, z którymi związane były wybrane postacie. Opisuje metody pracy pozwalające uczniom na zdobycie umiejętności z zakresu różnorodnych form pisarstwa biograficznego. Materiał zilustrowany został fragmentami szkiców stworzonych przez uczniów oraz fotografiami z realizacji projektu.  
PL
The literary works discussed in this article exploit the motif of Fryderyk Chopin and his oeuvre in a variety of ways. The earliest novel is Lucrezia Floriani (1846), penned by the French writer George Sand, Chopin’s companion. The creation of Prince Karol (Chopin’s name in the novel), as if “detached” from the Polish composer’s biography, is an interesting, although none too original (even within the context of Sand’s oeuvre) example of the Romantic hero. Popular output, aimed at a readership seeking above all scandal and emotion, is represented by the German writer Hermann Richter’s novel Drei Frauen um Chopin (1935) and the contemporary thriller of collective authorship The Chopin Manuscript (2008). In these works, the composer is a tool designed to give readers the illusion of becoming acquainted with his biography or to interest sensation-seekers. Artistically the most interesting novel is Preludes, by the Danish writer Peer Hultberg (1989). Besides its original artistic form, the author is the only one to deal with musical material, attempting to present in prose that which ought to form the heart of every work about the brilliant musician, but which was achieved only by Cyprian Norwid in Fortepian Szopena [Chopin’s piano].
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