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EN
The paper presents an analysis of quotations as one of the basic elements that occur in intertextual field of Y. Andrukhovych novel ― “The Moscoviad”. Thanks to the numerous examples, the author shows the dialogical relations in which one text has got several concrete and evident references to the previous texts, identifying the source of borrowings and marking out the basic types of quotations according to their attributive degree.
EN
In this paper we consider a system of work with a literary text, based on the effective methods of teaching speaking skills to foreign students. Taking into account the importance of literature in the training process of the foreign students-philologists at advanced level as well as its role in the individual development and improvement of communicative skills, we should use not only textbooks, but also adapted additional texts (with a block of tasks and exercises on communication), that belong to different styles of speech, typical for the literary works, and give an opportunity to solve not only the purely linguistic problems of teaching the Russian language on the curriculum, but also affect the intellect, stimulate creative thinking, influence feelings, arouse emotions, improve memory and thus facilitate language learning.
EN
The article author presents her own project of teaching Polish as an inherited or second language to children aged 5 to 9. It is based on the constructivist theory of teaching, Ingarden’s theory of literary work cognition and Polish literary texts. The essential part of this project is education through various games that systematize the material presented during each lesson. The author highlights the importance of enactive text cognition, passing from an object recognized through various senses to its symbolic representation, from literality to metaphor. The literary text becomes yet another source of language experience for children.
PL
There has been given the modern interpretation of literary dialogue between the Ukrainian writer Mykola Kulish and the Russian writer Myhailo Bulhakov which was started almost a century ago but it wasn’t grasped in full even until today. However this interpretation has been very vital and the processes occurring in the aspect of social consciousness in modern Ukraine vividly confi rm it. Having analyzed the peculiarities of composition, plot and characters in ”Pathetic Sonata” by M. Kulish and «The White Guard” («Days of the Turbiny’s”) by M. Bulhakov, we come to the conclusion that this peculiar literary duel had for an object to displace the guidelines mainly in ideological aspect. It was also noted by the contemporaries: there appeared a great dispute in artistic circles, there is even a shorthand record of the meeting of Stalin and the Ukrainian writers which testifi es it. But the disputes concerning the subjects raised in these writings are still raging in our days. So, obviously, it is too early to announce the winners of the literary duel.
EN
"Perfume: The Story of a Murderer" by Patrick Süsking constitutes a perfect example of a literary text which, in its verbal layer, makes use of a variety of a linguistic means aiming to reflect, as accurately as possible, the core notion of the world created in this text, namely scent. A linguistic description of olfactory sensations is an extremely difficult task, as they are highly individualized and they always remain in a close relation with the recipient, drawing from his/her experiences and memories. The language that the author of "Perfume: The Story of a Murderer" employs enchatnts with the abundance of similes and metaphors, which turns dealing with this literary text into a special kind of experience. The article constitutes a linguistic analysis of "Perfume: The Story of a Murderer", whose focal point is the literary title itself and the way it is realized in this novel. The manner of creating the paricular fragrances is analyzed through the description of linguistic structures and stylistic forms that contribute to the coherent picture of olfactory impressions.
EN
The “cultural turn” in the translation studies makes it possible to consider translation as a culture transfer, as a means of intercultural communication. But what is meant by culture? How are the culture-specific actions, meanings, and worldviews represented in the texts? The questions still remain debatable. The paper is devoted to the problem of detection and interpretation of cultural meanings in the literary source text and their transference to the target text. Through the analysis of the existing conceptions, here we develop our own translational definition of the concept “culture” from the translation-relevant perspective. This enables the modeling of translators’ cultural background knowledge, so that they can understand cultural meanings in the original and reproduce them adequately in the translation. Within the cognitive-communicative approach, we define the literary text as an integrative mega-concept having a hierarchical structure of three layers: conceptual, image, and evaluative. The application of this methodology is illustrated on the material of a Ukrainian literary text and its German translation. On the basis of comparative analysis of the Ukrainian original and the German translation, we consider the examples of cultural asymmetries and discuss certain translation solutions for bridging cultural differences. Thus, cultural meanings can be revealed at all three layers of the integrative mega-concept of the literary text. At the conceptual layer, denotative meanings of explicit cultural elements in the text are analyzed. The image layer presupposes decoding of cognitive metaphors, which are the basis of linguistic images. At the evaluative layer, cultural meanings are identified through the analysis of implicit and explicit evaluation actions. The comparison of the integrative mega-concept of the source text and its reflection in the translation reveals most of the incongruities in the image layer as a result of a certain non-congruence in the worldviews of the Ukrainian and German linguocultural communities.
Gender Studies
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2012
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vol. 11
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issue 1
126-134
EN
Iconic signs such as paintings, engravings or book illustrations come into existence as a result of visual attempts at redefining the literary text to which they refer. Although they belong to a different medium, they are always conditioned and influenced by the original literary work. English painting displays a series of famous images which explicitly have their roots in literary texts. While the works of Shakespeare, Keats and Tennyson seem to determine a special connection with painting, Shakespeare’s plays are the source of one of the most inspiring subjects of the Pre-Raphaelite painters: women.
EN
Translation can be said to be an exercise based on a tripartite comprehension: that of the text, the original author and the reader of the translated text. In translating therefore, an attempt is often made to create a text that would be comprehensible to the target reader. To effectively do this, several factors are considered, one of which is culture, especially in literary texts where culture is richly presented. A literary translator must therefore reproduce not just language but also culture. An illustration of this can be found in the translation of Hector Malot’s Sans Famille, from French to English, Kalabari and Igbo. To adapt the translated version to the various target audiences, the cultural elements of the original French text have been replaced with those of the target languages but with the semantic content intact. This is known as cultural appropriation, an application of the semio-pragmatic theory. This theory affirms Saussure’s structural linguistics thereby applying structuralism to translation.
EN
The division of texts for the purpose of translation into literary and non-literary ones, based mostly on the dominant language function in a given text type, often leads to a stereotypical understanding of the stance of the translator’s competence. Non-literary text translators who focus entirely on that branch of knowledge that a given text refers to and on related terminology may overlook the cultural and intertextual elements. This not only ignores the intention of introducing them into the text, but also may change the meaning of passages in which they are included. The analysis of a book concerning psychology and psychotherapy: Systems of Psychotherapy. A Transtheoretical Analysis, as representing non-literary texts, and G.K. Chesterton’s detective stories, being examples of literary texts, provides some examples of introducing more or less implicit references to the Bible into psychological discourse and literature respectively. Despite the label of scientific texts, American psychological literature is characterized by numerous hidden quotations from other sources which serve various functions: using the already lexicalised phrase- ology or entering into a polemics with the religious doctrine. Consequently, in translating such texts, translators cannot limit themselves to a thorough knowledge of psychology, psychotherapy and terminology connected with those areas, but must also be observant enough to notice interte- xtual traces and then be able to localize them and interpret them correctly. Otherwise the transla- tion may alter the original meaning or introduce an ambiguity which is not welcome in such texts. Thus ‘intertextual competence’ is by no means reserved for literary text translators for whom this type of expertise is obviously of primary importance.
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EN
The text written by Stanley Fish, which is an excerpt from his book Professional Correctness. Literary Studies and Political Change (Oxford 1995), is an attempt at a presentation and a discussion of the main conditioning factors and the aporia of interpretation. From among the four arguments given by the author, i.e. intention, historicalness, politicalness and interdisciplinarity, only the first one has been established to be an immanent feature of each of interpretations. This results from the conviction that while interpreting literary texts we are always subjected to the pressure of the surrounding premises. It is just the extensive and thorough analysis of these premises, to which the supporters of political, historical and interdisciplinary criticism refer to that makes the author of the sketch possible to show that behind each of the methods there are individual interests and a different vision of the world. To realize these determinants is to enable us to question the very need of universal interpretation. By questioning the theoretical fundamentals of the three mentioned modes of interpretation, the author admits frankly that the work of an interpreter can have both historical, political and just as well interdisciplinary character, though this observation is by all means tantamount to a recognition of the legitimacy of any of the criticized methods.
EN
The article discusses liberature in the context of its mathematical qualities. In this trend which inextricably connects the textual and physical layer of the work, each element in the book is expected to be created according to a certain formula which should bring a holistic piece of literature. After 1999, a great number of mathematically-oriented works have appeared which are strictly liberary. In the presentation, I base on the theoretical idea behind liberature when discussing Zenon Fajfer’s liberary work Ten Letters (Pol. Dwadzieścia jeden liter). This innovative piece is analysed mainly from the point of view of geometry and play with numbers, which is visible already in the title: the ten-letter phrase “ten letters.” Mathematical qualities are indicated on various layers of the piece: the physical, the textual, and the visual, but especially in its form. The game of numbers is found not only where it is obviously visible and essential to understand the message, but also in places which might not have been intended. Liberature is analysed as literature but at the same time, it is shown not to be literature, and in this respect, to be mathematical at the core.
EN
The article is an analysis of proper names in the oeuvre of one of the best known Czech authors in the second half of the 20th century. The author discusses their various functions in literary texts, stressing at the same time the strong link between Hofman’s works and the current social situation, which effectively prevents their publication in the new, changed times.
Stylistyka
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2017
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vol. 26
173-181
EN
The paper deals with the complexity of stylistic markers of words and with the employment of these markers for aesthetic purposes and effects in several works of modern Czech literature. There is a distinctive tendency in the Czech prose to combine lexical devices with dissimilar, often antagonistic stylistic markers (formal and colloquial, archaic and new, polite and vulgar etc.). The main part of the paper includes short analyses of selected texts that operate with lexical devices in such a way. In 1920s, Vladislav Vanèura was a pioneer of this stylistic technique. In the last decades, novels and short stories by Ota Pavel, Jiøí Gruša or Petra Hùlová represent outstanding examples of achieving significant effects by contrasting words with antagonistic stylistic markers.
EN
The grammar of every language codes a body of meanings characteristic of that language. Expression of the grammaticalised meanings is obligatory and largely automatic. Individual languages contain grammatical categories specific to them and differ from one another not only with regard to the number of those categories but also their type, the internal structure of the categories they share (different numbers of subcategories) and the nature of their specific categories (which can be of the selecting or modelling type). These differences are exemplified in the study, the titular relationship being illustrated with the category of gender. The following problems are in the focus of attention:1. Is there any relationship between concepts and the grammatical gender of the words that express them?2. In what way does the grammatical gender of words influence our view of those aspects of reality that correspond to the words in question?3. How can one explain the similarities and differences with regard to gender between corresponding words in various languages?
PL
W gramatyce każdego języka zakodowany jest specyficzny dla niego zespół znaczeń. Znaczenia zgramatykalizowane są wyrażane w sposób konieczny, w dużej mierze automatycznie. Poszczególne języki mają sobie właściwe zbiory kategorii gramatycznych. Różnią się nie tylko liczbą tych kategorii, lecz także ich rodzajem, strukturą wewnętrzną kategorii wspólnych (odmienną liczbą subkategorii w każdym z języków) i charakterem (kategoria selektywna bądź modulująca). Różnice te zyskały w artykule egzemplifikację, a tytułowa relacja została omówiona na przykładzie kategorii rodzaju. W centrum uwagi znalazły się następujące problemy:1. Czy jest związek między pojęciami a rodzajem gramatycznym wyrazów, które te pojęcia oznaczają?2. Jak rodzaj gramatyczny wyrazów wpływa na kształtowanie się naszych wyobrażeń o elementach świata owym wyrazom odpowiadających?3. Czym można wytłumaczyć rodzajowe podobieństwa i różnice między odpowiadającymi sobie wyrazami w różnych językach?
EN
The Literary Group “PODIUM Schloss Neulengbach” is an association of originally Lower Austrian writers – in the broadest sense. This statement has far-reaching consequences, since it is not about uniting random individuals with a common desire to recollect their own memories in the literary form with a view to handing them over to descendants, but above all it is about a literary group that has existed for almost 50 years and includes about 200 active members. Over time, the Group created its history and developed its own tradition, which became the content of shared memories, evolving into a kind of “realm of memory” (lieu de mémoire) in the understanding of Pierre Nora. Through establishing a social group, individuals with their own memories transfer their experience to a wider field of unity, beginning to form a collective memory. The report focuses on the research of remembrance issues in a case study of poetic texts included in the leaflets, which Literaturkreis PODIUM publishes annually before the Poetry Day. The purpose of the report is to identify and describe the main Austrian “realms of memory” actualized in the mentioned texts, as well as to describe the specifics of their actualization. The complete analysis of all the leaflet texts dating from 1973 to 2019 made it possible to outline four specific Austrian complexes of “realms of memory” relating to the concepts as follows: SCHULD/VERANTWORTUNG, GEMÜT/KINDHEIT, HEIMAT and IDENTITÄTEN.
Forum Pedagogiczne
|
2020
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2
75-94
EN
The article presents a review of the bibliotherapeutic literature available on the publishing market and an attempt to organize the text selection criteria present in Polish and world literature, for bibliotherapeutic. The author aims at making the existing criteria more precise, as well as supplementing them with other criteria that refer to the way the world is presented and the narration is conducted in epic works. As a result of the author's analyses, the author's own categorization of criteria was proposed. Moreover, it also indicates the direction in which they can be considered so that the bibliotherapist has a chance to make an informed decision about the possible use of the text in bibliotherapy.
PL
W artykule dokonano przeglądu dostępnej na rynku wydawniczym literatury biblioterapeutycznej oraz podjęto próbę uporządkowania eksponowanych w polskiej i światowej literaturze kryteriów doboru tekstów do zajęć biblioterapeutycznych, doprecyzowania ich, a także uzupełnienia o inne, w większym stopniu odnoszące się do świata przedstawionego i sposobu prowadzenia narracji w utworach epickich. Wskutek przeprowadzonych przez autora analiz zaproponowano autorską kategoryzację kryteriów oraz wskazano kierunek, w jakim mogą być one rozpatrywane, aby w konsekwencji biblioterapeuta miał szansę podjąć przemyślaną decyzję o ewentualnym wykorzystaniu tekstu w biblioterapii.
EN
The article problematizes the formation of regional toponymic derivatives a well as identifying the attributes of their functioning in the journalistic and literary texts on the life of the Grodno region. Studies focusing on the analysis of regional features of onyms and toponymic derivatives of the Gomel region, Western Polesie, Poozerye are also referred to. The lexicographic registration of administrative names of the Grodno region (districts, village councils) was carried out by E. Rapanovich. The questions of systematization of toponymic derivatives, the degree of their standardization and conformity to the overall trends in the development of the Belarusian language, the manifestation of regional peculiarities in their formation and functioning need scientific consideration. Therefore, the study of this lexical group is of current concern and social significance. The analysis of toponymic derivatives of the Grodno region extracted from Old Belarusian and modern texts reveals common features in their word-building patterns, their ability to combine with certain lexico-semantic groups, which is attributed to the continuity in the development of toponymic system of different periods, stability of toponymic patterns, and methods and means of toponymic derivation. Toponymy-derived adjectives with the -ск- (-цк-) suffix used in the mass-media are employed in the nomenclature proper names of various organizations and enterprises. Тoponymic derivatives with the -шчына formant are used as the names of regions and territories, the names of residents of the localities of the Grodno region and built with the suffixes -анін, -анк-а, -ан-, -еўчан-е, -чанін/ -чан-е, -ец/-цы, -авец/-аўцы, -енец/-енцы. The relevant feature of toponymic derivatives in the analyzed works of V. Adamchik and V. Korotkevich is their direct connection with the overall Belarusian and specific Grodno region patterns, which generates the effect of reality and performs text-building, localizing, nominative, regional identification, and other functions. The differences in the use of toponymic derivatives by the authors stem not only from their original writing style and creative manner but also from the characteristics of the periods and events described, which determines how these means are selected and used in texts, as well as the range of functions that they fulfill.
RU
В статье анализируется проблема образования региональных оттопонимических наименований, определяются особенности их функционирования в публицистических и художественных текстах, отражающих жизнь Гродненщины. Называются исследования, посвященные анализу региональных особенностей онимов и оттопонимических наименований: Гомельщины, Западного Полесья, Поозерья. Лексикографирование административных названий Гродненской области (районов, сельских советов) осуществлено Е.Н. Рапановичем. Не решены проблемы систематизации и определения нормативности образования оттопонимических наименований; отсутствует научное осмысление соответствия их общебелорусским тенденциям и проявления региональной специфики словообразования и функционирования. Поэтому исследование данной группы лексики является актуальным и социально значимым. Анализ гродненских оттопонимических дериватов, выявленных нами в старобелорусских и современных текстах, показывает общность словообразовательных моделей, способность к сочетанию с определенными лексико-семантическими группами, что является результатом переемственности в развитии топосистемы разных эпох, стабильности топомоделей, способов и средств оттопонимического образования. Оттопонимические прилагательные с суффиксом -ск- (-цк-), используемые в текстах СМИ, входят в номенклатурные собственные названия различных организаций и предприятий. Оттопонимическими дериватами с формантом -шчына являются наименования регионов и территорий, а также названия жителей населенных пунктов Гродненщины, образованные при помощи суффиксов -анін, -анк-а, -ан-, -еўчан-е, -чанін/ -чан-е, -ец/-цы, -авец/-аўцы, -енец/-енцы. Особенностью оттопонимических наименований в проанализированных произведениях В. Адамчика Чужая бацькаўшчына и В. Короткевича Хрыстос прызямліўся ў Гародні является их непосредственная связь с реальными общебелорусскими и гродненскими моделями, что позволяет создавать эффект реального присутствия и выполнять текстообразующую, локализирующую, номинативную, регионально идентифицирующую и другие функции. Отличия в употреблении авторами оттопонимических дериватов обусловлены не только индивидуально-авторским стилем, творческой манерой, но и описываемыми эпохами, событиями, что определяет характер отбора средств и специфики их использования в тексте.
EN
The article presents the results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of textbooks for learning French for secondary schools in terms of the use of fragments of literary texts and the didactic goals assigned to them. The conducted study of 43 titles approved for educational use over the last twenty years in Poland reveals that in the majority of textbooks adapted to the 1999 core curriculum, fragments of literary texts appear and are used, in accordance with the communicative approach, mainly to develop key language competencies. Over time, a clear downward trend is noticeable, which means that in the current textbooks, adapted to the 2018 core curriculum, literary texts are practically non-existent, despite the possibilities offered by the action-oriented approach in this matter.
EN
In the following study, we perceive the literary text as a pretext for a decomposition analysis, while the new text modified by us (posttext) sheds an interpretive light on the examined verbal object in the ontological and axiological sense. Decomposition helps to analyze the way of construction and being of the original verbal artefact, as well as to highlight the functions it performs. In the first part we show the values of the poem Let (Flight) from the collection Pokosená hlina (Mowed Clay, 1999) by the contemporary Slovak writer Jozef Leikert on grounds of word-order decomposition strategies. In the second part we analyse the finished ”recomposition”, or rather a verbal adaptation of a canonized poetic text of Czech literature (a poem by Ondřej Koupil called Květen, 2020) and its interpretive possibilities with respect to the pretext, i.e. the poem Máj (May, 1836) by Karel Hynek Mácha.
CS
V následující studii vnímáme literární text jako pretext k dekompoziční analýze, přičemž nový, resp. námi upravený text (posttext) vrhá interpretační světlo na zkoumaný slovesný objekt ve smyslu ontologickém i axiologickém. Dekompozice pomáhá jednak analyzovat způsob výstavby a bytí původního slovesného artefaktu, rovněž zvýrazňuje funkce, které plní. V první části ukazujeme hodnoty básně Let ze sbírky Pokosená hlina (1999) současného slovenského spisovatele Jozefa Leikerta na pozadí slovosledných dekompozičních strategií, v druhé části pak analyzujeme už hotovou „rekompozici”, resp. slovesnou adaptaci kanonizovaného básnického textu české literatury (poéma Ondřeje Koupila nazvaná Květen, 2020) a její interpretační možnosti vzhledem k pretextu, tedy k poémě Máj (1836) Karla Hynka Máchy.
EN
Regardless of the teaching method, literature has always been an element of language learning. The action-oriented approach – proposed more than 20 years ago – does not exclude references to literature in the language classroom. The Companion Volume to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, published in 2021, further expands the possibilities for using literary texts in foreign language teaching methodology. This paper will analyse eighteen approved French textbooks from the point of view of the literature-based exercises they contain. The aim is to determine to what extent and with what regularity literature fragments appear in these textbooks and establish the types and objectives of literature-based exercises.
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