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2020
|
vol. 209
|
issue 1
3-22
EN
The article is the result of a research project devoted to Polish historical re-enactment groups which are becoming very popular and influential and can be seen as a part of the multi-sensory culture of the event. During ethnographic research, we raised the issue of the commercialisation of historical re-enactment and the alleged educational value of the related activities, deliberating whether it was possible to reconcile faithfulness to history with the demands of commercial events, the passion with the pursuit of profit, and teaching with entertainment. The research included the evaluational dimension and questions on the role of re-enactment in the cultural policy of the country. The findings indicated that the movement was ambiguous and multidimensional and that numerous answers existed to the question about the re-enactors’ motivations essentially because the groups are divided into hobbyist re-enactors and commercial re-enactors. We found that re-enactment was effective in instilling historical knowledge, although not into the spectators, but into the re-enactors themselves. Re-enactment events usually failed to stimulate the spectators’ interest in history. A considerable majority of these events remained intellectually passive, which caused any educational effect to be momentary and superficial.
EN
The Vikings and their culture continue to fascinate thousands of people around the world and provide inexhaustible inspiration for numerous works of art, literature, music and film in which the archaeological, historical and mythological motifs from the North are reused in a creative way. Over the last 20 years the interest in the Vikings and their times has been growing at a rapid pace also in Poland where various re-enactment groups gather both young and senior enthusiasts from very diverse social backgrounds. Contemporary Vikings meet at early medieval markets, festivals and other events to trade, fight and experience a life of adventurers, merchants and warriors. The re-enactment scene has now grown so large that for some people ‘being Viking’ has become not only an exciting pastime, but actually their major occupation and a way of life. This paper contextualises and critically explores the fascinating history of this phenomenon and the lifestyles of contemporary Vikings in Poland.
EN
This article is an attempt to present further results in the author’s continuing qualitative field work among the historical war re-enactment societies of the fortress towns of Josefstadt and Theresienstadt (from 2010). Michael Foucaults Heterotopic theory of places is used to shed light on a wide range of ritualised social behaviour, centred around key symbols from the monarchical military culture of the Enlightenment. New categories for the analysis of local context have been created which are clearly compatible with Braudel’s theory of longue-duree, that is isophenomenological historic-social objects, maintaining and transferring the original meaning of heterotopic social-disciplination.
PL
Stopień poprawności historycznej odtwarzanych przez rekonstruktorów strojów staje się obecnie jednym z czynników różnicujących odtwórców historycznych. Artykuł stanowi próbę analizy dwóch skrajnych podejść kobiet i mężczyzn do kwestii projektowania własnego ubioru: podejścia profesjonalnego, charakteryzującego się dbałością o historyczną poprawność ubioru oraz podejścia hobbystycznego, przejawiającego się w braku staranności i nie przywiązywaniu wagi do wyglądu stroju. Artykuł będzie ponadto próbą określenia znaczenia ubioru, jego elementów oraz wiedzy na jego temat dla budowania własnej pozycji, autorytetu oraz władzy w świecie rekonstrukcji historycznej epoki późnego średniowiecza.
EN
Historical incorrectness of reenactor’s costumes is one of the main reasons for rejection and exclusion from the social world of historical reenactment. In this article I will try to analyze two extreme women’s and men’s approaches to designing their own clothing: professional approach, characterized by attention to historical accuracy of clothing, and hobby approach, manifested in lack of diligence and historical awareness. The article will also attempt to determine the significant role of both clothes, it’s elements and knowledge in building position and authority in social world of medieval historical reenactment.
EN
This article addresses the question of structure of values that people belonging to knight brotherhoods and participating in the medieval battles reconstructions have. The interest in historical reconstructions has been growing for years both among the adults and the youth. It seems that the brotherhoods of knights are rather homogenous groups that engage in their activities from a variety of reasons. The main cause is the fact that their hobby gives them a possibility to realize a desire to be separated from the reality, subjectively perceived as unfair. In consequence they perform an intentional return to an imaginary world of virtues, which is exemplified by a romantic vision of a noble-minded knight. This research compares the structure of values of the people who are involved in medieval historical reconstructions and with those who are not interested in these activities (a control group). Secondly, the structure of values is compared between the members of knight brotherhoods and the groups involved in historical reconstructions. The results show minor differences (less than a tenth of a standard ten) with regards to the values indicated in terms of sex, experience and the form of involvement. The youth’s involvement in historical reconstructions is both the manner in which they bring to life their hobbies and creatively spend their leisure time.
PL
Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat można zauważyć wzrost zainteresowania rekonstrukcjami historycznymi, i to nie tylko wśród młodzieży. Bractwa rycerskie reprezentują dość jednorodną grupę, która angażuje się w omawianą aktywność z wielu powodów. Głównym jest hobby, przez które przenika pragnienie oderwania od rzeczywistości, subiektywnie spostrzeganej jako niesprawiedliwa, w konsekwencji powrót do imaginowanego świata cnót, egzemplifikowanego w romantycznej wizji szlachetnego rycerza. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaka jest struktura wartości osobistych rekonstruktorów historycznych okresu średniowiecza. W badaniach porównano strukturę wyznawanych wartości osób zaangażowanych w średniowieczne rekonstrukcje historyczne do struktury wyznawanych wartości osób z grupy kontrolnej. Dokonano także porównań wewnątrzgrupowych pod względem wybranych czynników demograficznych takich jak płeć, staż, czy typ aktywności. Wyniki wskazują na małe zróżnicowanie obrazu świata wartości badanych osób, zarówno pod względem płci, stażu, jak formy zaangażowania, choć pojawiły się dyskretne różnice w wybranych wartościach nie przekraczające jednego stena. Aktywność młodzieży w odtwórstwie historycznym stanowi z jednej strony sposób realizacji zainteresowań, a jednocześnie jest rozwijającą formą zagospodarowania czasu wolnego.
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