The object of this study is to analyze how life accounts, histories, and testimonials of the Polish immigration in Misiones, Argentina, are constructed. The methodology employed for the analysis consists of: the ethnographic method, life accounts, biographic perspectives and research interviews, not only for information concerning the manner, but also the process of putting together gaffes, according to what Rosana Guber explains in her book La etnografía: método, campo y reflexividad. The corpus of data was formed by Polish residents of the province of Misiones, Argentina. The results of the investigation determined that: their discourse acts as narration and not only as personal stories, constructs new identifying models and still others that refer to their original sources. As a corollary, the “new” identities have their manners of expression which are manifested via a series of discursive forms that characterize the speaker, such as the use of narrations that form an integral part of them. Finally, the conclusion suggests that the presence of the Polish immigrant in the province of Misiones affirms the concept of territorial polyphony and of narrative identities, since we can assume that in the narrative constructions similarly we will find discursive and metadiscursive constructions that propose identifying and historic relationships.
Fans are of central importance to sport service production. Their passion, excitement, and involvement plays a crucial role in event implementation and value creation. Due to the importance of fans as "co-producers" of the sport service, the hypothesis of this research is that a fan community is a salient stakeholder in the value co-creation process. This paper focuses on how a football fan community engages in manifold interaction with its team, the local context, and the network of actors as a whole. Within the theoretical framework of the stakeholders and the network approach, a multi-case analysis and thorough examination of the ACF Fiorentina's season ticket holders database enlightens a system of relationships where fans are able to influence the internal dynamics of the social network that has developed around the football club. In light of the empirical evidence presented by the case studies and the database on supporters, we propose a first typology of fans' roles and strategic behaviours. Findings, though not exhaustive, illustrate not only the roles assumed by fans during matches in terms of identification and participation, but also underline the variety of ways in which fans behave as stakeholders of their own team. In terms of value cocreation, this research highlights the fan community as a salient stakeholder and not just a mere spectator. Fans and supporters not only are crucial actors in implementing the sport service, but they even play an important role of influencing the choices and behaviours of the football club and other stakeholders.
Using the analysis of semantic domains, the Geographic Information System (GIS) and interpretation, the contribution introduces important places in landscape in a micro-perspective of the inhabitants of selected locations in the Plzeň region. The locations presented in the contribution represent different configurations of population and landscape. The community of Bušovice is typical for its stability in population and the agricultural character of the landscape. The community of Lesná is situated in a border region, where the population fully changed after the World War II and the work in forest has been the main means of earning the living so far; simultaneously, the forest is dominating the local landscape. Within the contribution, there is presented a map of landscape components with the cultural and historical value defined based on the responds of local inhabitants. By means of the GIS, it is possible to simulate which places in the landscape are considered important in the collective memory of the inhabitants, and how the selection of particular landscape components changes in connection with other features of those informants (e.g. gender). The cultural domain of important shared places is also interpreted in the text whereby stress is put on collectively shared ideas of the participants, which are manifested in the space (they create so-called memory places) and become a field to symbolize the local identity.
The article discusses the sense of community of contemporary residents of the north-eastern Polish borderland. The process of individualisation and the contemporary direction of interpreting the concept of community constitute the background of the analyses. The adopted pedagogical perspective of narration has set out both the theoretical foundations of the presented research results, as well as their interpretation, stressing the importance of the local environment and its cultural nature as factors determining an individual’s consciousness of belonging to a community and taking responsibility for it. The article presents selected aspects of the statistical analysis of the sense of community and their interpretation.
The extent of evangelisation of popular religiosity has been astonishing in its effectiveness for centuries. Folk customs entered into the church ceremonial through centuries also became elements of identity of individual societies. The long process of the existence of episcopal power in Warmia (1243 - 1772) meant that local folk ceremonial was able to preserve numerous customs over a long period of time in later times. For researchers of this problem, signs collected until the middle of the 20th century form an interesting basis for describing as well as analysing the power of folk religiosity.
Local governments play an important role in creating cultural security, both by protecting monuments, as well as by building and developing local identity. Local government should involve the local community in its activities, because only cooperation between local authorities and residents creates appropriate conditions for the development of local identity.
Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na proces kreowania lokalnej tożsamości w oparciu o historyczne dziedzictwo Wrocławia. Problem tożsamości dotyczący Ziem Zachodnich i Północnych (nazywanych także „Ziemiami Odzyskanymi”) jest efektem przyłączenia ich do Polski po konferencji poczdamskiej w 1945 r. Bezprecedensowy w skali świata fakt stuprocentowej wymiany kilkusettysięcznej ludności we Wrocławiu, spowodował zerwanie ciągłości kulturowej i historycznej. Nowa, zatomizowana społeczność musiała w niemieckim Breslau budować polski Wrocław pod dyktando propagandy komunistycznej. „Odniemczano” i „repolonizowano” aby uzasadnić tezę o powrocie tych ziem do macierzy. W początkowym okresie tworzenie narodowych mitów sprzyjało integracji pierwszych mieszkańców, ale w dłuższej perspektywie nie budowało ich identyfikacji z miastem. Trudno bowiem mówić o tożsamości bez poznania i zaakceptowania zastanego dziedzictwa. Dopiero na skutek zmian społeczno-politycznych po 1989 roku, rozpoczęto przywracanie miastu historycznej pamięci, która jest bezwzględnym warunkiem zakorzenienia. Wszelkie działania władz miasta i wrocławskich elit, począwszy od symbolicznego przywrócenia historycznego herbu, tworzenia dokumentów strategicznych, renowację wrocławskich przestrzeni symbolicznych, konsekwentną edukację historyczną i regionalną, aż po stymulowanie społecznych akcji, miały na celu budowanie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego mocno identyfikującego się z miastem i jego (także niemiecką) historią. Poprzez poznawanie i akceptację tejże, mieszkańcy wytworzyli w sobie poczucie regionalnej odrębności, która zawiera się w pojęciu „wrocławskości” - fenomenie w skali Polski.
EN
The article is an attempt to look at the process of creating a new local identity in the city of Wrocław based on its historical heritage. The problem which, in fact, refers to a sense of identity of the people who have inhabited entire Western and Northern Territories (so called “Regained Territories”) incorporated into Poland after the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The world’s unprecedented total replacement of hundreds of thousands inhabitants of the city resulted in breaking off its historical and cultural continuity. A newborn community in German Breslau was forced to build Polish Wrocław at the bidding of communist propaganda. Almost everything was “degermanized” and “repolonized” to support the view that the Regained Territories were reunited with their rightful motherland. At the beginning the creation of such national myths was conducted to integrate the first city dwellers but in the long run it was rather unfavourable for building up their identification with the city. Bringing back Wrocław’s historical memory, which is an essential condition of putting down one’s roots, started as late as 1989, the time when the Polish socio-political transformation was initiated. All the efforts made by both the city’s authorities and its elites, such as the symbolic return of its historical coat of arms, preparation of strategic documents, renovation of the symbolic places of Wrocław, consistent regional historical education as well as various stimulating social campaigns were aimed at building civil society identified with the city and its (also German) history. Owing to such accepted knowledge the inhabitants have developed a sense of their own regional distinctiveness accurately embraced by the concept of “being a Vratislavian”, a settled citizen of his/her own city, a phenomenon which is still unique in Poland.
For the inhabitants of the town of Mysłowic acquires special importance the place called „Triangle of the Three Emperors“, where in the years 1845–1918 intersected the borders of three empires – Russia, Austria and Prussia. The threefold boundary represented for many decades the sphere of constant economic, cultural and social exchange and cultural and civilisational interpenetration. Thanks to the „triangle“ was Mysłowice known all over Europe as well as on other continents and attracted thousands of tourists. The surroundings of the „Triangle of the Three Emperors“ were endowed with excellent touristic and recreational infrastructure. Nowadays this legendary place is neglected and does not remind of its former importance. However, it is still being visited by groups of tourists and hosts occasional meetings and historical commemorations. Within the town there are numerous symbolic references to the „Triangle of the Three Emperors“. The municipal council recently devised a plan to transform the „Triangle“ into a showroom of the town and constituent part of its advertising campaign. The „Triangle of the Three Emperors“ instigates emotions and acquires a prominent place in the social memory of the inhabitants of Mysłowic, as it is part of the local historical tradition. On the background of the European history it acquires its historical importance and local relevance. Through its intimate relation to local history it evokes the images of the past glory of the town. The „Triangle of the Three Emperors“ surpasses in importance the remaining parts of the town and corroborates positively the social integrity of its inhabitants. Its symbolic importance can in a crucial way influence the processes of change and creation of social consciousness, responding to the unified vision of the future, and at the same time the creation of contemporary identity of the town, relieved from existing stigma of industrialization.
The article focuses on the problem of „štatl“ of Brno and its inhabitants, the so called „štatlaři“. The term „štatl“ can signify the city of Brno itself, or the city center, but also a certain type of subculture and, in connection with the term „štatlaři“, the specific group of the inhabitants of Brno. The core of the article consists in the analysis of images and meanings connected with štatl and štatlaři, their image and interpretation in memories and the exploitation of their image at present (commercial use in advertising). Besides štatl, the article also reflects the specific language, the so called “hantec” that is inseparably connected with štatl. The chronological frame of the article is from the 1960s to the present, but it mentions also the so called “Brno stove” (plotna) from the beginning of the twentieth century that is often mentioned in connection with štatl. The methodological basis of research consisted in especial in oral history and analysis of documents. The basic sources for the article were interviews, memoirs and published scientific articles. The results of the analysis should serve on the one hand as contemporary interpretation of life of certain group of people in urban setting during the period of socialism, on the other hand for better understanding of the processes that are connected to the contemporary creation of local identities, as well as commercial use of cultural artifacts.
The article presents the history of the ultras movement in Europe. On selected examples, it shows that although the characteristics of this culture are present in many countries – loyalty to one club, search for an authentic experience of being a fan, glorification of group identity, support of the local community, escape from commercialized forms of involvement in football, spontaneity, cultivation of traditional patterns of masculinity – their expression is mediated by regional contexts. On the one hand, one can talk of one “mentality” of ultras as a universal set of values, shared by fans in different countries. On the other hand, however, in every country different aspects of the ultras culture serve different purposes – for example, in the British Isles, they are used to revive the spontaneous atmosphere at the stadiums; in Poland – to manifest political identities. The article starts from the Italian roots of the ultras movement to show how the Italian style was incorporated in other parts of Europe, how local modifications have influenced it and how the ultras style has been assimilated with the particular interests of individual ultras groups.
The purpose of the study was the diagnosis of social memory of the residents of the Zamojszczyzna region. The issue how respondents declare their ties to the sub region, which is manifested in a sense of identification with Zamojszczyzna region as a cultural area and human community, was also taken into account. The research release presents partial results of the survey, that fits thematically in the scope of research of identification with own living space.
PL
Celem badan była diagnoza pamięci społecznej mieszkańców Zamojszczyzny. Podjęto również kwestie deklarowanej przez respondentów więzi z subregionem, przejawiającej się w poczuciu identyfikacji z Zamojszczyzna jako obszarem kulturowym i zbiorowością ludzka. W komunikacie badawczym została zaprezentowana część wyników, która tematycznie wpisuje się w nurt badan nad identyfikacją ze swoja przestrzenią życiową.
Teoria traumy kulturowej, spopularyzowana w Polsce przez Piotra Sztompkę, nadaje się do analizy procesów społecznych zachodzących na tzw. Ziemiach Odzyskanych po drugiej wojnie światowej. Przed wojną największa część Mazur należała do Prus Wschodnich w Trzeciej Rzeszy i była zasiedlona przez Mazurów i Niemców. Po upadku nazistowskich Niemiec Mazury stały się częścią Polski. Większość Mazurów i Niemców uciekła lub została zabita pod koniec wojny. Mazury zostały zasiedlone przez Polaków. Trauma kulturowa to proces kulturowy, który jest zapośredniczony przez różnorodne formy reprezentacji, łącząc przemiany tożsamości zbiorowej i przemiany pamięci społecznej (Ron Eyerman). W tym przypadku trauma kulturowa wiązała się z procesami dezintegracji oraz integracji społecznej. Przymusowe i dobrowolne migracje prowadziły do rozpadu dotychczasowych terytorialnych struktur społecznych i powstania nowych społeczności. Powojenne procesy dezintegracji i integracji przedstawiono na przykładzie miasta Ełk i powiatu ełckiego. Wykorzystano do tego celu literaturę przedmiotu, archiwalia i wywiady biografczne zrealizowane w powiecie ełckim. Jeden z głównych wniosków badawczych wskazuje na istnienie związku traumy kulturowej ze słabą tożsamością lokalną na Mazurach.
EN
The theory of cultural trauma, popularised in Poland by Piotr Sztompka, is suitable for the analysis of social processes which took place in the so-called Recovered Territories after the Second World War. Before the Second World War, most of Masuria belonged to the East Prussia in the Third Reich and was inhabited by Masurians and Germans. After the collapse of Nazi Germany, Masuria became a part of Poland. Most of the Masurians and Germans have escaped or been killed at the end of the war. Masuria was settled mainly by Poles. Cultural trauma is a cultural process mediated through various forms of representation, linking the reformation of collective identity and the reworking of collective memory (Ron Eyerman). In this case, the cultural trauma was associated with the processes of social disintegration and integration. The forced and voluntary migration led to the disintegration of the existing territorial social structures and the creation of new communities. The postwar processes of disintegration and integration are presented on the example of the town Ełk and Ełk county in Masuria. For this purpose, literature, archival materials and biographical interviews conducted in the Ełk county were employed. One of the main conclusions of the study suggests that there is a correlation between cultural trauma and the weak local identity in Masuria.
The paper analyzes the role of football clubs in the process of local identity formation in the age of globalization. The empirical base is drawn from the data collected during the fieldwork research conducted among the fans of the Dutch football club Twente Enschede. Twente is deeply rooted in the tradition of the city and the region, and at the same time involved in European international competition and global football transfer market, being exposed to pressures stemming from growing commercialization and multiculturalism in the world of football. The consequences of these processes for the local fans and local community are discussed in the article.
PL
Artykuł analizuje rolę klubów piłkarskich w procesie formowania się tożsamości lokalnych w epoce globalizacji. Empiryczną bazę stanowią dane zgromadzone podczas badań terenowych przeprowadzonych wśród kibiców holenderskiego klubu piłkarskiego Twente Enschede. Klub Twente jest głęboko zakorzeniony w tradycjach miasta i region, jednocześnie uczestnicząc w międzynarodowych rozgrywkach oraz globalnym piłkarskim rynku transferowym, będąc zatem poddanym procesom wynikającym z rosnącej komercjalizacji i wielokulturowości świata futbolu. W artykule omówio
Programy rewitalizacji, realizowane w obrębie Dolnego Miasta i Oruni w Gdańsku potwierdzają ważną rolę systemu zarządzania lokalną tożsamością w wyprowadzaniu obszaru degradowanego z sytuacji kryzysowej. Opierają się one na budowie marki i przewagi konkurencyjnej dzielnicy w skali miasta, regionu, a nawet kraju, opartych na istniejących, choć często ukrytych lub niedocenianych, lokalnych zasobach materialnych i niematerialnych. Przykłady Partnerstwa Dolne Miasto Otwarte oraz działań inwestycyjnych i społecznych podejmowanych na Oruni pokazują, że umiejętny wybór haseł przewodnich rewitalizacji stanowi podstawę stworzenia oferty efektywnej współpracy sektora publicznego z organizacjami pozarządowymi i podmiotami biznesowymi. Partnerski model rewitalizacji okazuje się kluczowy w sytuacji niewielkich lub zmniejszającychsię środków finansowych, pochodzących z budżetu samorządu lokalnego lub instytucji zewnętrznych.
EN
The revitalization programmes conducted on the areas of Dolne Miasto and Orunia in Gdańsk confirm an important role of the local identity management system in overcoming crisis situations on degraded areas. The programmes are based on the borough brand building and the borough’s competitive edge on the background of the whole city, region, and even the country, based on the existing, although often concealed or underappreciated, local tangible and intangible assets. The examples of the Open Dolne Miasto Partnership and the capital investment and social activities implemented in Orunia indicate that a skilful selection of lead revitalization slogans creates a foundation for an offer of effective co-operation among the public sector, non-government organizations, and business entities. The partnership model of revitalization turns out to be of key importance in the situation of small or shrinking financial resources assigned either by the local government or external institutions.
Published in Szczecin during the “Thaw” period of 1956–1957, the weekly Ziemia i Morze was a very curious phenomenon on the map of post-war culture. For a brief moment, in an environment so far greatly atomised and isolated, there appeared genuine intellectual ferment. The paper, as a part of the so-called thaw press, the most significant example of which was Po Prostu (Simply) published in Warsaw, was able to take on new topics, ones of supra-regional nature but also very important from the perspective of the local community. Over the few months, the paper attempted to describe the main components of the identity of West Pomerania, which for the purposes of this article were defined as follows: the awareness of space and its distinctiveness, the awareness of different experience and distinct ethnospace, the awareness of the coastal nature of the region and the awareness of the borderland.
PL
Ukazujący się w okresie „odwilży” lat 1956–1957 szczeciński tygodnik „Ziemia i Morze” był zjawiskiem niezwykle ciekawym na mapie powojennej kultury. Przez krótki moment, w środowisku dotąd mocno zatomizowanym i izolowanym, powstał autentyczny intelektualny ferment. Pismo, wpisując się w ramy tzw. prasy odwilżowej, której najbardziej rozpoznawalnym przykładem jest warszawskie „Po prostu”, było w stanie podjąć wątki nowe, mające charakter ponadregionalny, ale też nadzwyczaj istotne z punktu widzenia wspólnoty lokalnej. W ciągu kilku miesięcy pismo starało się opisać główne składniki tożsamości Pomorza Zachodniego, które na potrzeby artykułu zostały zdefiniowane następująco: świadomość miejsca i jego odmienności, świadomość innego doświadczenia i odmiennej etnoprzestrzeni, świadomość nadmorskiego charakteru regionu i świadomość pogranicza.
Abstract To examine the impact of nationalism on the creation of identity by supporters of the local football club Korona Kielce. The work consists of theoretical inspirations regarding nationalism, national and local identity, and data from empirical research. Material and methods Analysis of content contained in the official discourse of the fans of the football club Korona Kielce - based on the fanzine Złocisto-Krwiści. Results The study showed the fundamental impact of nationalism on creating the identity of supporters of the local sports club. Conclusions Empirical research has shown supporters as a complex community with a strong supporter identity, strong attachment to the nation and nationalist values, and antinomical at the level of fundamental ideological aspects.
PL
Streszczenie Zbadanie wpływu nacjonalizmu na kreowanie tożsamości przez kibiców lokalnego klubu piłkarskiego Korona Kielce. Praca składa się z inspiracji teoretycznych dotyczących nacjonalizmu, tożsamości narodowej i lokalnej oraz danych z badania empirycznego. Materiał i metody Analiza treści zawartych w oficjalnym dyskursie fanów klubu Korona Kielce na podstawie fanzinu Złocisto-Krwiści. Wyniki Badanie wykazało fundamentalny wpływ nacjonalizmu na kreowanie tożsamości kibiców lokalnego klubu sportowego. Wnioski Badanie empiryczne ukazało kibiców jako zbiorowość złożoną, o silnej tożsamości kibicowskiej, dużym przywiązaniu do narodu i wartości nacjonalistycznych oraz antynomiczną na poziomie fundamentalnych aspektów światopoglądowych.
The article deals with the modern forms of parzenica - a traditional decorative pattern on male trousers of the Gorals (highlanders), an ethnographic group from the Polish Carpathian region. Traditionally placed on the Gorals trousers, the pattern has found a new application in the last several years. Its imitations are placed on various objects of everyday life; it is used as a wall decoration, a pattern on ordinary clothes, which are not part of traditional costumes. It is also used in tourism as a symbol of folk and authenticity, and sometimes even Polishness. These could be seen as the second life of the pattern, within the context of folklorism. The pattern, however, is still very popular in its place of origin and many highlanders use it to present their local identity. The article describes some of new functions that the pattern has nowadays.
The primary aim of this article is to single out and interpret the processes of constructing images of locality in regional museums in the Podkarpackie Province and in the Košice Region, as well as to indicate phenomena which affect these processes. We are interested primarily in discussing individual components of legacy (local, national, material, immaterial, etc.) and using them to build a sense of identity in museum visitors. Relying on the principles of the new museology: “protect –examine –inform”, we focus on the last of these spheres, which refers directly to the practice of creating meanings that engage both museologists and the public. When we single out the field of research, we position the subject of our inquiry in the context of the theory of globalisation, which means that we regard the specified areas as peripheral within semi-peripheral countries. This specification of the field is supposed to help us determine whether local museums in Central Europe still function within the framework of the traditional (modernist) paradigm or whether they have fully or partially implemented the principles of the “new museology”. In the course of the analysis, we show that the process of constructing locality is a matter of control over legacy and its interpretations. However, it is not an action which depends solely on a museologist, who has to deal with time pressure and the availability and completeness of a collection when creating his or her narrative. It means that in reference to educational museum activities, we should rather talk about multiple images of locality, the construction of which is affected by various factors. The material was gathered from in-depth interviews conducted in selected Polish and Slovak museums, thanks to which this article reflects primarily the museologists’perspective on the problems in question.
This article analyses the awareness of the inhabitants of Górowo Iławeckie regarding the participation of the city in the Cittaslow development network and identifies the conditions of its development. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among the residents of Górowo Iławeckie and questionnaires were distributed to employees of the Town Hall and the Mayor of Górowo Iławeckie. The article also deals with the subject of the city’s activity aimed at achieving the goals promoted by the Cittaslow network related to revitalization.
XX
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie świadomości mieszkańców Górowa Iławeckiego w związku z uczestnictwem miasta w sieci Cittaslow oraz identyfikacja uwarunkowań jego rozwoju. W tym celu przeprowadzono ankietę wśród mieszkańców Górowa oraz rozdano kwestionariusz pracownikom Urzędu Miasta i Burmistrzowi Górowa Iławeckiego. W artykule ponadto poruszono temat aktywności miasta ukierunkowanej na realizację celów promowanych przez sieć Cittaslow oraz odniesiono się do aspektu rewitalizacji obszaru miasta.
The purpose of the presented text is to analyze the forms of manifestation of local identity of migrants from the Podkarpacie region in the United States, using selected localities of the region as an example. The research was based on existing data (mainly censuses, personal documents, newspapers, passenger arrival records from the Ellis Island Archives) and elicited data (in-depth interviews). The exploration covered two neighboring counties: Strzyzow (nineteen villages) and Rzeszow (primarily Rzeszow and Harta). Examples of different ways of demonstrating local identity in the context of migration, presented in this text, clearly confirm how important an aspect it remains for the immigrant, and how crucial role it plays in the process of reconstructing identification in the destination country.
PL
Celem prezentowanego tekstu jest analiza form manifestacji tożsamości lokalnej migrantów z województwa podkarpackiego w Stanach Zjednoczonych na przykładzie wybranych miejscowości tego regionu. Badania oparte zostały na danych zastanych (głównie spisy powszechne, dokumenty osobiste, prasa, dane pasażerów statków z Archiwum Ellis Island) oraz wywołanych (wywiady pogłębione). Eksploracja objęła dwa sąsiednie powiaty: strzyżowski (dziewiętnaście miejscowości) oraz rzeszowski (przede wszystkim Rzeszów i Harta). Przykłady różnych sposobów demonstrowania tożsamości lokalnej w kontekście migracji, zaprezentowane w niniejszym tekście, jednoznacznie potwierdzają, jak ważnym aspektem pozostaje ona dla imigranta oraz jak istotną rolę pełni w procesie rekonstrukcji identyfikacji w kraju docelowym.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.