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Role soudů při dotváření správního práva

100%
Mates P.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
|
2018
|
vol. 157
|
issue 4
333-342
EN
The participation of courts in law making has undoubtedly been happening for many years already; in the Czech Republic, we started to talk about the issue relatively recently, it was first explicitly mentioned in the academic literature mostly reflecting the impact of German authors, at the beginning of this century. The starting point of this article is the fact, that courts participate in law making when the law is applied against the clear diction of the law, when courts find in the legal texts one of many possible loopholes. The fact is that courts can reveal relatively arbitrarily another ones, and furthermore, courts often participate in law making without pronouncing any loophole expressively, namely under a situation, where the text of the regulation is entirely clear and indisputable. As it can be seen from the examples mentioned above, the boundaries or limits of such activity of courts complete are shifted permanently and increasingly and when such activity is undertaken by the supreme judicial authority or by the Constitutional Court, there can be found no means for remedy. There is no doubt, that the above mentioned tendency has become reality, however, there is no doubt, that courts should abide rather by the principle of self-restraint, otherwise, one of the main principle of the legal state will be threatened permanently, and that is legal certainty.
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Desafíos del productor nicaragüense en el mercado agrícola (regional y local) y alternativas de solución. Parte 2

81%
Montiel Silva M. E.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
|
2019
|
issue 1(24)
155-169
IT
L’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di proporre soluzioni alternative alle lacune giuridiche presenti nell’ordinamento giuridico agrario nicaraguense e il loro impatto sul funzionamento del mercato agricolo locale. A parere dell’autore, le proposte in questione potrebbero permettere di iniziare una discussione volta a superare la disparità di distribuzione delle risorse economiche generate dall’attività agricola nazionale nella filiera alimentare. Quindi, l’obiettivo dell’articolo è quello di identificare quelle lacune giuridiche che portano a una distribuzione iniqua delle risorse nella filiera alimentare nicaraguense, per poi, successivamente, sviluppare soluzioni alternative basate sulla dottrina agraria. L’autore, dopo aver esaminato i sistemi di immissione sul mercato dei prodotti agricoli nei territori dell’America centrale e del Nicaragua, ha formulato la tesi secondo la quale tali mercati, in pratica, si rivelano deboli per quanto riguarda la tutela dei produttori negli scambi all’interno della catena di approvvigionamento alimentare, segnalando la situazione svantaggiosa del produttore agricolo.
EN
The interest of this research is to offer alternative solutions to the gaps in the regulatory framework of the Nicaraguan agricultural market, which pave the way for an unequal distribution of the economic resources generated by the national agricultural activity, in the agri-food supply chain. The objective was to determine the legal gaps that allow the unequal distribution of resources in the national agri-food supply chain and propose possible alternatives based on the agrarian doctrine. For this purpose, using analysis-synthesis, abstract-concrete, systemic-structural-functional and inductive-deductive analyses, the systems of marketing agricultural products in the countries of Central America and Nicaragua was examined and compared. As practice shows, small producers of food are not adequately protected and when it comes to commercial relationships their position is weak in the overall agri-food supply chain.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są alternatywne rozwiązania wobec luk prawnych w ramach regulacji rynku rolnego Nikaragui, które prowadzą do nierównomiernego podziału zasobów ekonomicznych uzyskiwanych z krajowej działalności rolniczej i łańcucha dostaw żywności. Celem było zatem określenie luk prawnych, które pozwalają na nierówny podział zasobów w krajowym łańcuchu dostaw produktów rolno-spożywczych i zaproponowanie alternatyw opartych na prawie rolnym. W wyniku analizy-syntezy abstrakcyjno-konkretnej oraz systemowo-strukturalno-funkcjonalnej i indukcyjno-dedukcyjnej analizy zbadano i porównano systemy wprowadzania do obrotu produktów rolnych w krajach Ameryki Środkowej i Nikaragui. Jak pokazuje praktyka, mali producenci żywności nie są odpowiednio chronieni, a jeśli chodzi o stosunki handlowe, mają najsłabszą pozycję w całym łańcuchu dostaw produktów rolno-spożywczych.
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