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EN
This article analyses statements on the theory of literature expressed by two prominent Polish writers of fiction – Andrzej Sapkowski and Jacek Dukaj. Although their remarks are scattered and spoken in a journalistic tone, they deal with important topics concerning fantasy and SF, their genre features and relationships with other genres of literature.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę wypowiedzi teoretycznoliterackich dwóch ważnych polskich pisarzy fantastyki – Andrzeja Sapkowskiego i Jacka Dukaja. Choć są to wypowiedzi rozproszone i utrzymane w publicystycznym tonie, podejmowane są w nich ważne tematy dotyczące fantasy i SF, ich cech gatunkowych oraz relacji z innymi typami literatury.
PL
W XXI wieku obserwujemy, w szczególności na gruncie polskim, wyraźny renesans black metalu jako gatunku, który w latach 90., przez jego rebeliancki podówczas charakter, strącony został w niebyt. Modernistyczny black metal, prężnie rozwijany przez rodzime zespoły, tylko w niektórych kwestiach sięga do swoich korzeni. Za sprawą nowatorskiego podejścia do formy i treści kształtowany jest awangardowy gatunek muzyczny, stopniowo wchodzący do kultury popularnej.
EN
Black metal in the 21st century, especially In Poland is resurrecting. The 1990’s was a rough time for this musical genre due to its rebellious nature. Modern black metal, highly developed by polish bands, is highly different than its generic predecessor. What is observed is an innovative direction to black metal form and content which structures an avant-garde genre, aspiring to enter the popular culture.
Communication Today
|
2014
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
10–27
EN
The paper deals with the contemporary development trends in American mainstream movie production. Basic assumption of this text is examining mainstream movie production as one of the most commercially successful segments of the media industry, together with the business of culture and entertainment. The author reflects broader economic, historical and organizational aspects of Hollywood production aimed at the mainstream audiences, as well as the socio-cultural significance of the meanings perceived by movie-goers. Therefore, the paper examines the mainstream Hollywood production in all complexity, from the viewpoint of production and creative mechanisms, but also in the context of social meanings associated with given category of film works referring to favoured motives and thematization of everyday reality in contemporary globalized society. The author defines current mainstream movie production as part of media culture influenced by entertaining visuals, intertextuality, genre hybridization, tendencies to use seriality and parody.
EN
Th e article aims at investigating whether link-posting of Facebook users results in reproducing the hegemony of corporate-led mainstream cultural productions. A detailed analysis of 103 links shared 16,735 times by 6,344 Facebook users is presented. Th e following research fi nds that although a vast majority of the most oft en posted links points to corporate content, especially music videos, the proliferative power of Facebook enables some user-generated content to become enormously popular. Th is user-generated content represents mainly the ideas contrary to the ones dominating mainstream media. Links of this kind are more likely to be shared by older users. Th e reproduction of the corporate mainstream on Facebook is primarily due to female users, younger ones, users who inhabit larger cities, who have fewer friends, and are less culturally competent. Further analysis suggests that posting links to mainstream content may serve as a strategy of social compensation.
EN
The Internet creates new language rules which also influence vocabulary. The paper analyses the semantics of the word mainstream showing the differences in the meaning of the English word and its Russian equivalent. It also emphasizes the impact of connotation and context, which lead to meaning transformations. Comparing denotation of both words highlights the problem of semantic precision.
RU
Интернет создает новые языковые правила, которые влияют, в частности, на семантику слова. В настоящей статье доказывается, что существуют семантические разницы между английским словом mainstream и русским дериватом мейнстримовый. Анализируются также коннотация и контекст, которые способствуют трансформациям значения рассматриваемого англицизма. Сопоставление плана содержания английской и русской лексических единиц позволяет поставить вопрос об их семантической точности.
PL
Autorka stawia tezę, iż Internet tworzy nowe prawidła językowe, które wywierają wpływ na semantykę słowa. W artykule zawarty jest opis różnic semantycznych między angielskim słowem mainstream i rosyjskim derywatem мейнстримовый. Dokonano analizy konotacji i kontekstu, które sprzyjają transformacji znaczeniowej tego anglicyzmu. Ujawniono semantyczną zbieżność tych leksemów w obydwu językach.
EN
The paper aims to convey why there was an increased interest in punk music and related genres that became part of the mainstream in 1990, and the specifics of such popularity, by studying the transformation of the perception of punk music and related genres in the historical and social perspective. The paper elaborates on the theory that the boundaries between alternative creation and mainstream were more fluid at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. For a short time, punk moved from the very edge to the centre of the music industry and become the focus of interest by mainstream media. The paper also brings forth some arguments why it was only a short phase. It points to the place of workers’ pub anti-aesthetics as an important cultural figure influencing the socialization of the generation of the “Husak’s Children”. What were the expert reflections of this music production, for example, in the form of music reviews released by official publishing houses? What role did the generational and class identifications of individual artists, music publicists, and fans play in the reception of punk? The research is based primarily on the analysis of official and unofficial music journalism, but also on interviews with the people involved.
CS
Cílem předkládaného textu je na základě studia proměn vnímání punkové hudby a příbuzných žánrů v historicko-společenské perspektivě interpretovat, proč v roce 1990 došlo k nárůstu zájmu o punkovou hudbu a příbuzné žánry, které se staly součástí hlavního mainstreamu, resp. jaká specifika měla tato popularita. Studie vychází z hypotézy, že na přelomu osmdesátých a devadesátých let 20. století byly hranice mezi alternativní tvorbou a mainstreamem pohyblivější. Punk se tak na krátkou dobu dostal ze samého okraje do centra zájmu hudebního průmyslu a mainstreamových médií. Studie také předkládá argumenty, proč se jednalo pouze o krátkou fázi. Poukazuje na místo dělnicko- hospodské anti-estetiky jako důležité kulturní figury ovlivňující socializaci generace tzv. husákových dětí. Jaké byly odborné reflexe této hudební produkce, např. v podobě hudebních recenzí nahrávek vydaných v oficiálních vydavatelstvích? Jakou roli hrála v recepci punku generační a třídní identifikace jednotlivých interpretů, hudebních publicistů a fanoušků? Výzkum je založen především na analýze oficiální a neoficiální hudební publicistiky, ale také na rozhovorech s aktéry.
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