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EN
The costs related to the construction, purchase, repairs or operation of a sea-going vessel, in particular expenses associated with port fees, fuel, crew and its maintenance during the voyage, were very high and therefore ship owners took out loans secured against their vessel or its cargo to finance the intended operations. Undoubtedly, the development of maritime transport at the turn of 20th century contributed to international unification of maritime law in respect of privileged claims on ships and maritime mortgage. The need for unification of regulations resulted from the necessity to provide creditors with real satisfaction of their claims, because the diversity of local regulations, especially the number of maritime liens created under different legal systems and the hierarchy of their application limited the importance of maritime mortgage. The content of international regulations became the basis for the development of Polish regulations concerning physical collaterals for maritime claims in the era of the Polish People’s Republic. It should be added that the maritime law of the interwar period is barely touched on in the available literature on the subject, so this study contributes to the subject of maritime claims.
PL
Koszty budowy, zakupu, remontu czy też eksploatacji statku, w szczególności związane z opłatami portowymi, paliwem, wynagrodzeniem dla załogi oraz jej utrzymaniem w trakcie rejsu były bardzo wysokie, dlatego też właściciele statku celem sfinansowania planowanych działań zaciągali kredyty i pożyczki pod zastaw statku lub ładunku. Niewątpliwie rozwój transportu morskiego na przełomie XIX i XX w. przyczynił się do międzynarodowej unifikacji prawa morskiego w zakresie przywilejów na statku i hipoteki morskiej. Potrzeba ujednolicenia przepisów wynikała bowiem z konieczności realnego zapewnienia wierzycielom zaspokojenia ich roszczeń, bowiem różnorodność przepisów poszczególnych państw, szczególnie ilość przywilejów morskich, która powstała pod rządem różnych systemów prawnych, oraz hierarchia ich stosowania ograniczały znaczenie instytucji hipoteki morskiej. Treść przepisów międzynarodowych stała się podstawą do kształtowania polskich przepisów dotyczących rzeczowych zabezpieczeń wierzytelności morskich w okresie PRL. Dodać wypada, iż prawo morskie okresu międzywojennego w dostępnej literaturze przedmiotu jest jedynie sygnalizowane, zatem niniejsze opracowanie ubogaca publikacje dotyczące wierzytelności morskich.
EN
The costs of construction, purchase, renovation or operation of the ship, in particular related to port fees, fuel, crew pay and maintenance during the cruise were very high, therefore the owners of the vessel to finance the planned activities took loans against the ship or cargo . Undoubtedly, the development of maritime transport at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries contributed to the international unification of maritime law with regard to shipboard privileges and maritime mortgage. The need to harmonize the regulations resulted from the necessity of real assurance for creditors to satisfy their claims, because the diversity of regulations of individual countries, especially the number of maritime privileges that arose under the government of various legal systems and the hierarchy of their application limited the significance of the maritime mortgage institution. The content of international regulations became the basis for shaping Polish regulations regarding tangible security of maritime claims in the period of the PRL. It should be added that the maritime law of the interwar period in the available literature of the subject is only signaled, therefore this publication enriches publications on maritime claims.
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