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Wczesnośredniowieczne maski Słowian. Obrazy zmarłych, bogów, czy rekwizyty rytualne?

100%
Szczepanik P.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2020
|
vol. 68
163-186
XX
Masks have played an important role in human culture since the earliest times. In the present paper Slavic masks that date back to the Early Middle Ages are analyzed. The collection of artefacts consists of extraordinary finds from Opole and their somewhat later analogies from Veliky Novgorod and its surroundings, which constitutes the whole catalogue of Slavic finds. Masks are connected with different kinds of performative activities. However, I will make an attempt to prove that in the discussed chronological and cultural context they were explicitly associated with the world of the dead. Such information can be found in several written sources related to the religious beliefs of the Slavs. The article presents possible interpretation paths that allow us to see masks as images of gods, the deceased, or to interpret them as ritual props connected with annual rites, during which hosting the dead was one of the key elements.
2
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Plautyńskie maski w komedii „La Cassaria” Ludovica Ariosta

87%
Stachowicz K.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2020
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vol. 30
EN
The aim of the paper is to indicate the common features of the characters of Ludovico Ariosto’s Renaissance comedy La Cassaria with their Plautine prototypes. The article explores, therefore, how Roman concepts went onto influence Ariosto with regards to character creation and the use of names that belong to the category of nomen omen.
3
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„Kukerzy” – przykład obrzędowości karnawałowej w Bułgarii

86%
Zytka M.
Slavica Lodziensia
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2018
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vol. 2
109-118
EN
The author analyses Bulgarian ritual called kukeri as an example of carnival rituals in Bulgaria. Special consideration is taken into history and description of the carnival processions and the meaning of the Pernik Festival to local community. In the first part the main goal is to present a special time of the year in that culture as well as the kukeri procession. In the second part, author presents similar ritual, called kurentovanje, that takes place in Slovenia and deals with finding the meaning of Festival to inhabitants of Pernik and the role of UNESCO list to spread the magic of fertility, success and wealthy of a human being to tourists around the world.
PL
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4
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Sources of healthcare workers’ COVID‑19 infections and related safety guidelines

86%
Oksanen L.-M. A., Sanmark E., Oksanen S. A., Anttila V.-J., Paterno J. J., Lappalainen M., Lehtonen L., Geneid A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 2
239-249
EN
ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of safety guidelines in the workplace, the authors analyzed the work-related exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the source of COVID‑19 infections among healthcare workers (HCWs), together with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).Material and MethodsA cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in tertiary hospitals in the Uusimaa region, Finland, with 1072 volunteers being enrolled in the study from among the HCWs at the Helsinki University Hospital. Overall, 866 (80.8%) HCWs (including 588 nurses, 170 doctors, and 108 laboratory and medical imaging nurses) completed the questionnaire by July 15, 2020, with 52% of the participants taking care of COVID‑19 patients. The participants answered a structured questionnaire regarding their use of PPE, the ability to follow safety guidelines, exposure to COVID‑19, and the source of potential COVID‑19 infections. The participants with COVID‑19 symptoms were tested with the SARS-CoV-2 realtime polymerase chain reaction method. All infected participants were contacted, and their answers were confirmed regarding COVID‑19 exposure.ResultsIn total, 41 (4.7%) participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with 22 (53.6%) of infections being confirmed or likely occupational, and 12 (29.3%) originating from colleagues. In 14 cases (63.6%), occupational infections occurred while using a surgical mask, and all infections originating from patients occurred while using a surgical mask or no mask at all. No occupational infections were found while using an FFP2/3 respirator and following aerosol precautions. The combined odds ratio for working at an intensive care unit, an emergency department, or a ward was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.2–9.2, p = 0.016).ConclusionsA high infection rate was found among HCWs despite safety guidelines. Based on these findings, the authors recommend the use of FFP2/3 respirators in all patient contacts with confirmed or suspected COVID‑19, along with the use of universal masking, also in personnel rooms.
5
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The effect of wearing an FFP3 mask (3M$\text()^{TM}$ Aura$\text()^{TM}$) with an exhalation valve on gas exchange in medical staff

86%
Fantin R.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 6
817-819
EN
ObjectivesThe physiological impact of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular filtering-face-piece 3 (FFP3) masks, has increasingly been gaining importance since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So far, gas exchange has been examined using transcutaneously measured partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), ergo-spirometry and impedance cardiography.Material and MethodsIn this structured investigation, arterial blood gas analysis in a 30-year-old female resident was carried out during a 13-hour day shift on the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria. An FFP3 mask (3MTM AuraTM) with an exhalation valve was continuously worn, except for 1 break of 20 min. Arterial blood samples were obtained before putting on the PPE, and after 5 h, 9 h and 13 h of working in the contaminated area.ResultsDuring the multi-hour wearing time, an increase in PaCO2 (the baseline value: 29.3 mm Hg, the max. value: 38.9 mm Hg) and a continuous decrease in partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2, the baseline value: 102 mm Hg, the min. value: 80.8 mm Hg) was detectable.ConclusionsAll measured values were within the normal range, but a trend towards an insufficient gas exchange could be suspected.
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