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1

Self-perceived sociosexuality and mate value asymmetry in heterosexual romantic relationships

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Gomula A., Nowak-Szczepanska N., Danel D. P.
Anthropological Review
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2014
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vol. 77
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issue 3
287-298
EN
Previous works have shown that sociosexuality may affect mate choice and correspond to partners’ mate value (MV). However, there is a lack of studies that directly show how a difference between both partners’ mate values (MVD) relates to reproductive strategies. In this study we investigated a possible link between self-reported measures of individual differences in human mating strategies (SOI-R) and self-perceived mate value asymmetry (difference between partners’ MV) in heterosexual romantic relationships. Two hundred forty-nine heterosexual participants (all in romantic relationships) completed an online questionnaire. Their sociosexuality was measured using Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R) (Penke and Asendorpf 2008). The assessment of the participant’s and his/her partner’s MVs were obtained using the MV measure by Graham-Kevan and Archer (2009). MVD was calculated by deducting the assessment of partner’s MV and MV self-assessment. Our results revealed that in men, with the increase of the discrepancy in mate value in favor of their female partners, male global sociosexuality and sociosexual desire decreased. In contrast, in women no significant correlations were found. We propose several possible explanations, based on evolutionary psychology, discussing our results within the context of potential benefits for reproductive success in both sexes due to the lower male sociosexuality
2

A night on the town: when the importance of mate acquisition overrides intrasexual competition

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Buunk A. P., Massar K.
Anthropological Review
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2014
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vol. 77
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issue 3
273-285
EN
Abstract: It is argued that, while men may be intrasexually more competitive than women, to attract potential mates, men will, more than women, associate with same-sex friends who are attractive to the opposite sex. Therefore, more than women, men will choose more physically attractive and dominant companions in a mating context than in a neutral context. In Study 1 among 262 participants a mating scenario (going to a party) and a neutral scenario (seeing a movie) were developed, and it was shown that the mating scenario did indeed induce more a mating context than the neutral scenario. In Study 2 among 167 participants the hypotheses were tested by examining the preferences for a companion in both scenarios. The findings from Study 2 supported the predictions. In response to the mating as compared to the neutral scenario, men, but not women, found the attractiveness of a companion more important, preferred a more socially dominant companion, and found the social dominance of a companion more important. Men as well as women preferred in general companions who were less attractive than themselves, but preferred a more attractive companion in a mating than in a neutral context. The effects for social dominance were in general more pronounced among individuals high in sociosexual orientation (SOI). To conclude especially mens’ attitude towards same sex others in a mating context may be driven by the desire to associate, rather than to compete, with same-sex others who are attractive to the opposite sex.
3

FEMALE FACE AND HAIRSTYLES: ALTERNATIVE MATE CHOICE TACTICS RELATED TO OWN ATTRACTIVENESS

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Meskó N.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 1
133-147
EN
There’s a selectional pressure connected to intrasexual competition that can work among women with different phenotypic qualities, which results in different individual strategies in order to increase their genetic success. We hypothetise less attractive women to compensate their unbecoming biological traits of their faces with other behavioral features, which improves the judgment of facial attractiveness, and with styling attitude favoured by men, which can increase their mate choice value. Testing our hypothesis we made portraits of volunteer young women (n = 49), and let their beauty be judged by young men (n = 39) on a scale of seven. The portraits were completed by 15 different hairstyles using a computer program, and (female and male) participants were asked to rank the portraits from best to least suiting hairstyles. So, two strings of data were obtained concerning each woman: 1. their own opinion on their faces with different hairstyles, 2. the averaged opinion of men on the same faces. Analyzing the two hierarchy ranking, we found out whose decision is in accordance with preferences of men, and who form their opinion on their physical appearance independent from male preferences. Our results confirm our prediction and underline the theory of alternative mate choice strategies. We suggest that female hairstyling is embedded in the broader context of own phenotypical condition (communicated by the face). After evaluating biologically given markers of beauty, individuals use alternative strategies, which can help them maximize their mate choice success. Hair and hairstyling attitudes altering attractiveness ofthe face can be a means of it.
4

PERSONALITY TRAITS IN THE MATE CHOICE: HOMOGAMY AND/OR SEXUAL IMPRINTING

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Gyuris P., Bereczkei T., Járai R.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 1
117-132
EN
We have made an attempt at demonstrating the effect of sexual imprinting mechanism on human mate choice. In our former studies, we had focused on facial similarities between couples, now we wondered if homogamy is represented in personality characters, as well. Two hundred ninety six participants (49 couples and their parents) filled in the Caprara’s BIG FIVE Questionnaire. The couples were also asked to complete the s-EMBU retrospective attachment test (including Emotional warmth, Rejection, Overprotection scales). Significant resemblances were found between the males’ wife and mother in Social Desirability and Conscientiousness traits of the BFQ. Our results on the effects of maternal rearing behavior style on their son’s mating revealed controversial patterns. Scores on Rejection scale of s-EMBU were associated with Emotional Lability, and Emotional Warmth with Agreeableness trait, which supports our expectation. However, another analysis of maternal rearing has shown that those men who developed an unfavorable attachment with their mother during childhood would be attracted to women who are similar to her in Emotional Lability and Social Desirability traits, which seems to contradict our hypothesis. As for women’s mate choice, only one tendency has been revealed for supporting the sexual imprinting hypothesis: those women who had experienced high Emotional Warmth from their father during childhood chose men who resembled their father in Conscientiousness factor of the BFQ.
5

HUMOR AND INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION: HOW GENDER, PERSONALITY AND PHYSIQUE AFFECT HUMOR PREFERENCE

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Tisjlár R., Komjáthy L.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 1
149-163
EN
The mechanisms of human mate selection are amongst the central themes of evolutionary psychology research. Although physical attractiveness provides the basis of successful courting, it is also affected by a number of personality factors. Sense of humor is one of these factors, whose primary function is arguably to support courting. Despite the fact that the study of the evolutionary psychological functions of humor has received increasing interest during the past decade, the evolutionary background of individual humor preference is largely unknown. According to some early views of constitutional typologies (e.g., Sheldon), physique and sense of humor are linked: e.g., persons of the picnic somatotype are assumed to have an active sense of humor. We studied the relationship between humor preference and gender, the extroversion-introversion personality dimension, and physique. Our results showed that men have a stronger humor preference than women and they are more likely to apply humor within a mate selection context. Furthermore, overweight introverted persons also show stronger humor preference. These results are interpreted within the framework of adaptive strategies of mate selection.
6

Olfactory processing and odor specificity: a meta-analysis of menstrual cycle variation in olfactory sensitivity

88%
Martinec Nováková L., Havlíček J., Roberts S. C.
Anthropological Review
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2014
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vol. 77
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issue 3
331-345
EN
Cycle-correlated variation in olfactory threshold, with women becoming more sensitive to odors mid-cycle, is somewhat supported by the literature but the evidence is not entirely consistent, with several studies finding no, or mixed, effects. It has been argued that cyclic shifts in olfactory threshold might be limited to odors relevant to the mating context. We aimed to test whether the evidence currently available points in the direction of odor-specific or, rather, general changes in olfactory sensitivity and, if the former is the case, to what group of odorants in particular. We carried out a meta-analysis of relevant studies which together used a variety of different odorants, including some found in food, body odor, and some that occur in neither of these. First we tested whether there appears to be an overall effect when all studies are included. Next, we hypothesised that if cyclic changes in olfactory processing are odor-specific and tuned to biologically relevant odors, we should find changes in detection thresholds only for odorants found in body odor, or for those that are perceptually similar to it. In contrast, if threshold patterns are linked to more general fluctuations in odor processing across the cycle, we would not expect changes in relation to any particular odorant group. The results support the view that there is significant cycle-correlated variation. Thresholds were in general significantly lower in the fertile than the non-fertile phases, with effect sizes consistently in this direction. This same conclusion applied to both ‘food’ and ‘musky’ odorants, despite their different evolutionary significance, and to the androgen steroids (androstadienone, androstenone, and androsterone), but could not be applied to phenyl-ethyl alcohol. The results indicate that olfactory sensitivity may be a non-adaptive by-product of the general physiological fluctuations or differences in neural processing experienced across the cycle to a broad spectrum of odorants, rather than being specifically selected for mate choice-related odors.
7

Only Cheap Talk after All? New Experimental Psychological Findings on the Role of Verbal Proficiency in Mate Choice

88%
Lange B. P., Hennighausen C., Brill M., Schwab F.
Psychology of Language and Communication
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2016
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vol. 20
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issue 1
1-22
EN
Recent evolutionary experimental psychological research found that high verbal proficiency (VP) increased the perceived attractiveness of individuals (more so for males than females), especially in the context of a long-term relationship. Our study had the objective of replicating and extending this research. Similar to previous studies, audio files in which speakers performed scripted self-presentations that had equal content but varied on VP were used as stimuli for opposite-sex participants. VP was found to increase attractiveness ratings. The effects were mostly small for numerous variables relating to short-term mating, whereas they were moderate to large for long-term mating. Our participants attributed more future income, but not more total number of mates to speakers with higher VP. Female menstrual cycle effects on attractiveness ratings were not found. Contrary to former research, being more verbally proficient was not found to be more beneficial for one sex over the other.
8
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Partnerská podobnost a její vliv na kvalitu vztahu

63%
Štěrbová Z., Havlíček J., Varella Valentova J.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2021
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vol. 15
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issue 2
29-42
EN
People do not choose their partners randomly. Assortative mating can be either positive (homogamy), meaning people couple with self-similar partners, or negative (heterogamy, complementarity), meaning they couple with self-different partners. More than a hundred years of research have shown that in mate choice the principle of homogamy is significantly more prevalent. Being one of the most prominent principles of pairing, homogamy is studied across disciplines, varying from psychology, sociology, psychiatry, ethology, to anthropology. The aim of this narrative review is to comprehensively present and critically summarize the current state of knowledge in the field of positive assortative pairing, with the focus on empirical support (partner similarity in sociodemographic, psychological and physical characteristics), factors influencing homogamy (sexual orientation or culture) and the effects of homogamy on the relationship (satisfaction and stability of the relationship). Finally, the methodological pitfalls of the research are discussed and the directions for the future research are suggested. Due to the interdisciplinarity of the topic and the large number of papers investigating positive assortative pairing, we believe that this review will help readers to navigate themselves through the complex issue of homogamy.
CS
Výběr partnera není náhodný. Nenáhodné (asortativní) párování může být pozitivní (homogamie), kdy lidé vytvářejí páry se soběpodobnými (self-similar) partnery, nebo negativní (heterogamie, komplementarita), kdy mají partneři charakteristiky soběodlišné (self-different). Více než sto let výzkumu ukázalo, že v párování se výrazně častěji uplatňuje princip homogamie. Jelikož se jedná o jeden z nejvýznamnějších principů párování, je homogamie dlouhodobě zkoumána napříč obory, od psychologie, sociologie, psychiatrie, etologie, po antropologii. Cílem této narativní přehledové studie je uceleně představit a kriticky shrnout současný stav poznání v oblasti pozitivního nenáhodného párování, se zaměřením na empirickou podporu (partnerská podobnost v socio-demografických, psychologických a fyzických charakteristikách), faktory ovlivňující homogamii (sexuální orientace či kultura) a dopady partnerské soběpodobnosti na partnerský vztah (spokojenost a stabilita vztahu). Závěrem jsou diskutována metodická úskalí výzkumu a navrženy směry, jimiž by se mohl budoucí výzkum ubírat. Vzhledem k interdiscipli­naritě tématu a obrovskému množství textů zabývajícím se pozitivním nenáhodným párováním věříme, že tento text napomůže čtenářům zorientovat se v komplexní problematice, jakou homogamie je.
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