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Understanding, Expression and Unwelcome Logic

100%
Holub Š.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 1
EN
In this paper I will attempt to explain why the controversy surrounding the alleged refutation of Mechanism by Gödel’s theorem is continuing even after its unanimous refutation by logicians. I will argue that the philosophical point its proponents want to establish is a necessary gap between the intended meaning and its formulation. Such a gap is the main tenet of philosophical hermeneutics. While Gödel’s theorem does not disprove Mechanism, it is nevertheless an important illustration of the hermeneutic principle. The ongoing misunderstanding is therefore based in a distinction between a metalogical illustration of a crucial feature of human understanding, and a logically precise, but wrong claim. The main reason for the confusion is the fact that in order to make the claim logically precise, it must be transformed in a way which destroys its informal value. Part of this transformation is a clear distinction between the Turing Machine as a mathematical object and a machine as a physical device.
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Remarks on the Gödelian Anti-Mechanist Arguments

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Raatikainen P.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 1
EN
Certain selected issues around the Gödelian anti-mechanist arguments which have received less attention are discussed.
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Актуальньіе проблемьі государственного регулирования предпринимательской деятельности

100%
Рьібчак В. И.
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
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2015
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vol. 1(21)
221-226
EN
The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities of the formation mechanism of state regulation of business. We studied the factors that affect entrepreneurial activity. Substantiated proposals to improve the efficiency of business regulation.
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Mechanism for assessing the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise in the information economy

88%
Kwilinski A.
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
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2019
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vol. 3
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issue 1
7-16
EN
The article establishes that the development of an industrial enterprise in the conditions of the information economy requires an assessment of the competitiveness of the enterprise. To solve this problem, a mechanism for assessing the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise in the information economy is developed, which is based on a complex of models for assessing the components of the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise and comparing them with the indicators of the competitive environment. Using the developed mechanism in the activity of an industrial enterprise makes it possible to assess its state in the aspect of adaptability to the information economy and provides the basis for developing solutions for further development of the enterprise.
5
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A brief review of microbial induced corrosion research

88%
Gruca A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2018
EN
Korozja to ogół procesów prowadzących do niszczenia materiałów. Jednym z typów korozji jest korozja powodowana działaniem mikroorganizmów. Tak zwana Biokorozja w znacznym stopniu przyczynia się do degradacji konstrukcji metalowych i betonowych. Niektóre elementy tych konstrukcji, w szczególności te wystawione na działanie wody słodkiej, słonej, ścieków albo ziemi są szczególnie narażone na destrukcyjny wpływ mikrobów. Korozja mikrobiologiczna w największym stopniu dotyka przemysłu naftowo-gazowego, transportu wodnego i instalacji sanitarnych. Niebagatelny problem stanowi także, powodowana przez bakterie znajdujące się w jamie ustnej, korozja implantów dentystycznych. Mimo, że mechanizmy powodujące biokorozję nie są dobrze znane, walka z tym zjawiskiem jest przedmiotem badań instytutów na całym świecie. Ważnym zagadnieniem jest również projektowanie materiałów o zwiększonej odporności na biokorozję. Celem tego artykułu jest podsumowanie dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy o zjawisku biokorozji, przybliżenie obecnie stosowanych metod jej zapobiegania, oraz omówienie procesów chemicznych i biologicznych stojących za korozją indukowaną przez mikroorganizmy.
6
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Exercise of the Right to Access to Public Information: Administrative and Legal Mechanism

88%
Chub A.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2020
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vol. 2(26)
9-30
EN
The article considers the organizational and legal framework for ensuring the right of access to public information in Ukraine. The positive tendencies of legal support of realization of this public right of physical persons and shortcomings of the legal practice revealed in this sphere are defined. It was found that the object of influence of the administrative and legal mechanism to ensure the exercise of the right of access to public information is public relations in the field of satisfaction of the right of access to public information, by creating opportunities for free access to statistics, archives, libraries and museums. , other information banks, databases, information resources, information on the powers and activities of the subjects of power. Forms, methods and means of ensuring the right of access to the public are described. It was found that the purpose of the administrative and legal mechanism to ensure the exercise of the right of access to public information is to create conditions under which every individual can freely exercise the right of access to public information. The author’s definition of the key concept of a scientific article is offered.
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The Problematic Nature of Gödel’s Disjunctions and Lucas-Penrose’s Theses

88%
Avron A.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 1
EN
We show that the name “Lucas-Penrose thesis” encompasses several different theses. All these theses refer to extremely vague concepts, and so are either practically meaningless, or obviously false. The arguments for the various theses, in turn, are based on confusions with regard to the meaning(s) of these vague notions, and on unjustified hidden assumptions concerning them. All these observations are true also for all interesting versions of the much weaker (and by far more widely accepted) thesis known as “Gö- del disjunction”. Our main conclusions are that pure mathematical theorems cannot decide alone any question which is not purely mathematical, and that an argument that cannot be fully formalized cannot be taken as a mathematical proof.
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Evaluating Artificial Models of Cognition

75%
Miłkowski M.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2015
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vol. 40
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issue 1
43-62
EN
Artificial models of cognition serve different purposes, and their use determines the way they should be evaluated. There are also models that do not represent any particular biological agents, and there is controversy as to how they should be assessed. At the same time, modelers do evaluate such models as better or worse. There is also a widespread tendency to call for publicly available standards of replicability and benchmarking for such models. In this paper, I argue that proper evaluation of models does not depend on whether they target real biological agents or not; instead, the standards of evaluation depend on the use of models rather than on the reality of their targets. I discuss how models are validated depending on their use and argue that all-encompassing benchmarks for models may be well beyond reach.
9
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Empedocles and the Other Physiologists in Aristotle’s Physics II 8

75%
Giardina G. R.
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 1
13-24
EN
In this paper I propose to show: 1) that in Phys. II 8 Aristotle takes Empedocles as a paradigm for a theoretical position common to all philosophers who preceded him: the view that materialism implies a mechanistic explanation of natural becoming; and 2) that, since Empe­docles is regarded as a philosopher who clearly expresses the position of all mechanistic materialists, Aristotle builds his teleological arguments precisely to refute him. Indeed, Aristotle believes that refuting the argu­ments of Empedocles – the champion of mechanism – means refut­ing the mechanistic theory itself. In order to illustrate this point, I will discuss some passages from Phys. II 8, while also turning to consider the Neoplatonic commentators on Aristotle’s Physics. I will then endeav­our to explain why in 198b19 ff. Aristotle formulates the argument of rain, which has attracted so much attention from scholars of the Phys­ics: I will consider whether Aristotle believes that rain serves a purpose, contrary to what he claims with regard to meteorological phenomena in Meteorologica.
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Экономическая безопасность региона: оценка и механизмы обеспечения

75%
ЛюбовКовальская Л., Savosh Л.
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
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2015
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vol. 9
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issue 2
33-41
PL
Omówiono istotę koncepcji "bezpieczeństwa regionu". Uzasadnia ona rolę i znaczenie bezpieczeństwa gospodarczego w procesach rozwoju regionalnego. Dokonano oceny bezpieczeństwa kraju i ujawniono regiony, które znajdują się w stanie zagrożenia. Zaproponowano mechanizmy zapewniające bezpieczeństwo regionów w kraju.
EN
The essence of the concept of «security of the region” is discussed. It substantiates the role and importance of economic security in the processes of regional development. The evaluation of the security of the country was conducted. It revealed the regions that are in a state of safety and danger. The mechanisms to ensure security of the country regions were suggested.
RU
Рассмотрены сущность понятия «безопасность региона». Обоснована роль и значение экономической безопасности в процессах регионального развития. Проведена оценка безопасности регионов страны. Выявлено регионы, находящиеся в состоянии безопасности и опасности. Предложены механизмы обеспечения безопасности регионов страны.
11
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The Application of Digitalization in Enterprises on the Basis of Multiple Criteria Selection Design

75%
Vorzhakova Y., Boiarynova K.
Central European Management Journal
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2020
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vol. 28(3)
127-148
EN
Purpose: The increasing role of digitalization in the operation of enterprises actualizes the implementation of the basic methods of proper digitalization processes. The selection of an appropriate method to introduce digitalization is crucial, as it affects the optimization level of the business processes. Methodology: Specific multicriteria selection method includes five steps to identify these approaches, considering the relative error for each approach, as it affects the outcome with the performance indicator of business process digitalization. The strongest criterion value is used to identify the optimal approach. The evaluation of the methods showed that the performance of the logistic, administrative, and innovative methods is not worse than the Pareto principle. Findings: Introducing digitalization in the administrative method has the biggest impact. The chosen method showed that Human Resources processes require modification to reduce costs. A mechanism to digitalize the personnel management processes using artificial intelligence was developed. Implications: The results of multivariate multicriteria analysis show that the implementation of artificial intelligence minimizes human factors and optimizes time and costs. Originality: The main contribution is the development of the method for the selection of an appropriate digitalization approach, which encompasses an implementation mechanism that can be adapted to enterprises’ needs.
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New Public-Private Partnership Management idea in manufacturing business

63%
Nikolov K., Stoyanova T.
Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business
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2015
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vol. 15
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issue 3
95-103
EN
In the 21st century the manufacturing business has a lot of possibilities in using of the recycling process. The Public-Private Partnership business model can improve the recycle business. The core challenge is a creation of a new PPP business manufacturing model especially in the recycling business. The purpose of the article is the reasoning for a new PPP business model referring to an idea about new PPP recycle-manufacturing business mechanism. The article suggests creation of the business model BLoOO (build - lease operational - own - operate) and advocates it as the decision for improvement a manufacturing business.
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Regional Aspects of the Development of Clustering in the Dairy Branch

63%
Novikov I.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 4
91-109
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki analizy klasycznego i nowoczesnego podejścia do tworzenia regionalnych klastrów rolno‑przemysłowych. W obecnych warunkach rynkowych utworzenie klastra w oparciu o istniejącą infrastrukturę regionalną jest niepraktyczne. W większości przypadków klastrami nazywane są struktury holdingowe obejmujące pełny cykl produkcji, przetwarzania i wprowadzania do obrotu produktów rolnych, na przykład „klastry mleczne” – istnieją tradycyjne grupy firm, które formalnie posiadają klasyczne cechy klastra, ale nie dają poszczególnym uczestnikom procesu produkcyjnego wystarczającej autonomii organizacyjnej i prawnej. Zbadano warunki rozwoju innowacji w klastrze, a także mechanizm tworzenia komponentu naukowego i innowacyjnego klastra jako nowopowstałego pełnoprawnego elementu klastra. Wskazano, że klaster powinien być tworzony z zachowaniem podstawowych zasad organizacyjnych i ekonomicznych. W szczególności, podczas gdy w holdingach wynik ekonomiczny działalności służy osiągnięciu celów spółki dominującej, w klastrze należy położyć maksymalny nacisk na wynik i zaspokojenie interesów ekonomicznych wszystkich jego uczestników. Co więcej, zastosowanie klasycznego podejścia do rozwoju klastrów w obecnych warunkach rynkowych może nie być możliwe, a lepsza będzie koncepcja rozwoju klastra przedstawiona przez autora.
EN
In this paper, we study the classical and modern approaches to the formation of regional agro‑industrial clusters. In the current market conditions, the creation of a cluster based on the existing regional infrastructure is impractical. In most cases, clusters are called holding structures that include the full cycle of production, processing and marketing of agricultural products, for example, “dairy clusters” –there are traditional groups of companies that formally follow the classical cluster principles, but do not give individual participants in the production process sufficient organizational and legal autonomy. The conditions for the development of innovation within the cluster, as well as the mechanism for creating the scientific and innovation component of the cluster as a fully‑ledged newly created cluster element are investigated. We show that the cluster should be created on the basis and strict adherence to fundamental organizational and economic principles. In particular, while in holdings the economic result of the activity is aimed at achieving the goals of the parent company, in a cluster the maximum interest in the result and the satisfaction of the economic interests of all participants in equal measure should be laid. Moreover, the classical cluster approach in the current market conditions may be unrealizable and the author’s concept of cluster development is preferable.
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On the Anti-Mechanist Arguments Based on Gödel’s Theorem

63%
Krajewski S.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 1
EN
The alleged proof of the non-mechanical, or non-computational, character of the human mind based on Gödel’s incompleteness theorem is revisited. Its history is reviewed. The proof, also known as the Lucas argument and the Penrose argument, is refuted. It is claimed, following Gödel himself and other leading logicians, that antimechanism is not implied by Gödel’s theorems alone. The present paper sets out this refutation in its strongest form, demonstrating general theorems implying the inconsistency of Lucas’s arithmetic and the semantic inadequacy of Penrose’s arithmetic. On the other hand, the limitations to our capacity for mechanizing or programming the mind are also indicated, together with two other corollaries of Gödel’s theorems: that we cannot prove that we are consistent (Gödel’s Unknowability Thesis), and that we cannot fully describe our notion of a natural number.
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Diagonal Anti-Mechanist Arguments

51%
Kashtan D.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 1
EN
Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem is sometimes said to refute mechanism about the mind. §1 contains a discussion of mechanism. We look into its origins, motivations and commitments, both in general and with regard to the human mind, and ask about the place of modern computers and modern cognitive science within the general mechanistic paradigm. In §2 we give a sharp formulation of a mechanistic thesis about the mind in terms of the mathematical notion of computability. We present the argument from Gödel’s theorem against mechanism in terms of this formulation and raise two objections, one of which is known but is here given a more precise formulation, and the other is new and based on the discussion in §1.
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HELP FOR UNEMPLOYMENT: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND WAYS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

45%
Dubych K. V., Danylyuk K. V.
International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS)
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2018
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issue 4(2)
391-409
EN
The article deals with theoretical and methodological analysis of world experience in the de-velopment and implementation of mechanisms for the appointment of unemployment benefits and determining the ways of its application in Ukraine. Material security in case of unem-ployment of people who have lost their jobs is an extremely important task of implementing social policy in the field of employment in Ukraine. The research has proved that the domestic mechanism for the appointment of material assistance in the event of unemployment requires improvement, which needs to be implemented in the context of practical implementation, taking into account world experience. The strong reason for the need for such an analysis is the accumulated experience of the developed Western countries in the field of employment in the formation, implementation and practical implementation of the mechanism for assigning un-employment benefits in the context of different systems of social protection and provision: the Anglo-Saxon, Continental, Scandinavian models, on the example of the aid allocation mecha-nism on unemployment, in countries such as Great Britain, Germany, Norway, Poland, etc.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona teoretyczna i metodologiczna analiza światowych doświad-czeń w opracowywaniu i wdrażaniu mechanizmów wyznaczania zasiłków dla bezrobotnych i określania sposobów ich stosowania na Ukrainie. Materialne bezpieczeństwo w przypadku bezrobocia osób, które straciły pracę jest niezwykle ważnym zadaniem realizacji polityki społecznej w zakresie zatrudnienia na Ukrainie. Badania dowiodły, że krajowy mechanizm wyznaczania pomocy materialnej w przypadku bezrobocia wymaga poprawy, którą należy wdrożyć w kontekście praktycznej realizacji, biorąc pod uwagę światowe doświadczenie. Taka analiza jest potrzebna istotnie ze względu na to, że zgromadzone doświadczenie zachodnich krajów rozwiniętych w zakresie zatrudnienia w kształtowaniu i praktycznym wdrażaniu me-chanizmu przyznawania zasiłków dla bezrobotnych w kontekście różnych systemów zabezpie-czenia społecznego i świadczeń socjalnych: modele anglosaskie, kontynentalne, skandynaw-skie, na przykładzie mechanizmu alokacji pomocy dla bezrobotnych w krajach takich jak Wielka Brytania, Niemcy, Norwegia, Polska itd.
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Does Science Progress Towards Ever Higher Solvability Through Feedbacks Between Insights and Routines?

45%
Marciszewski W.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2018
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vol. 32
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issue 2
153-185
EN
The affirmative answer to the title question is justified in two ways: logical and empirical. (1) The logical justification is due to Gödel’s discovery (1931) that in any axiomatic formalized theory, having at least the expressive power of PA (Peano Arithmetic), at any stage of development there must appear unsolvable problems. However, some of them become solvable in a further development of the theory in question, owing to subsequent investigations. These lead to new concepts, expressed with additional axioms or rules. Owing to the so-amplified axiomatic basis, new routine procedures like algorithms, can be reached. Those, in turn, help to gain new insights which lead to still more powerful axioms, and consequently again to ampler algorithmic resources. Thus scientific progress proceeds to an ever higher scope of solvability. (2) The existence of such feedback cycles – in a formal way rendered with Turing’s systems of logic based on ordinal (1939) – gets empirically supported by the history of mathematics and other exact sciences. An instructive instance of such a process is found in the history of the number zero. Without that insight due to some ancient Hindu mathematicians there could not arise such an axiomatic theory as PA. It defines the algorithms of arithmetical operations, which in turn help intuitions; those, in turn, give rise to algorithmic routines, not available in any of the previous phases of the process in question. While the logical substantiation of the point of this essay is a well-established result of logico-semantic inquiries, its empirical claim, based on historical evidences, remains open for discussion. Hence the author’s intention to address philosophers and historians of science, and to encourage their critical responses.
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