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Kompetencje komunikacyjne w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego na przykładzie tematu zdrowie i higiena

100%
Janda M.
Dydaktyka Polonistyczna
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2018
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issue 4 (13)
269-281
EN
Foreigners who learn Polish language become acquainted with many important subjects including medical issues. Some of the learners will be medical students in the future and the rest will use Polish in their everyday life. The principal skill that decides about using a foreign language is communication. The issues connected with the terms of health, diseases and preventive treatment are inevitable in the communication process. Not only listening comprehension and speaking about medical issues but also improving lexical competence and keeping in mind grammar structures are parts of communication. In the process of teaching Polish as a foreign language the communication is improved with conversation exercises. Owing to the above mentioned exercises the medical concepts such as human anatomy and physiology, hygiene, diseases and their prevention and treatment are located in the realities of the country of the acquired language. The exercises enrich vocabulary and phraseology, they improve grammatical and phonetic accuracy, they teach accuracy in the communication process – at the doctor’s surgery, at the hospital, at the chemist’s and other health facilities.
2
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Medical eponyms of mythological origin

100%
Kucharz E.
Acta Neophilologica
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2017
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vol. XIX/2
29-44
EN
Eponyms account for a significant part of medical terminology. Their number is estimated to be a few thousands. Almost all of them are anthroponyms and were coined from names of authors describing a disease, symptom, sign, etc. A small portion of medical eponyms are mythonyms, coined from names of mythological figures or creatures. Mythonyms are classified into anatomical, physiological, pathological, psychiatric and psychological groups. Two mythonyms describe the name of one medical specialty (hygiene and venereology). Mythonyms were coined from late Renaissance to the 19th century. Their relationship to a mythological figure is usually complex. Anatomical mythonyms are referring shapes of mythological creatures. Other mythonyms refer to stories or special features of mythological figures. The paper reviews more than 30 mythonyms, and describes their medical meaning, mythological origin and possible relation between the mythological figure and eponym.
3
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The parts of the body in phraseological expressions and their link with medical terminology: a comparison between Italian and Polish

88%
Marcol-Cacoń L., Marcol-Cacoń L.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2019
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vol. 40
4
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Terminologia medyczna w Nowym dykcjonarzu Michała Abrahama Troca na tle źródeł z XVI i XVII wieku

88%
Kuryłowicz B.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 774
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issue 5
76-87
EN
In this paper, 74 medical terms excerpted from Nowy dykcjonarz (New dictionary) by Michał Abraham Trotz were subject to semantic and formal analyses. The relevant material was presented in the context of the medical lexis being in operation in the 16th and 17th centuries and confronted with the medical vocabulary present in the study by W. Bystrzonowski titled Informacya matematyczna (Mathematical information) of 1749. The analysis of the medical terminology collected by Trotz is aimed to expand our knowledge of the medical vocabulary present in the Polish language of the first half of the 18th century since, as specialists note, there are few studies discussing the medical lexis of that period, and therefore our cognition of the scientific sphere of the human activity in this respect is limited. The presented analyses show that the medical terminology collected in Nowy dykcjonarz is mainly old lexis, which is well-established in the Polish language, the origin of which is Polish (lexical borrowings include 13 units), and which came into existence as a result of word formation, syntactic, and semantic derivation. The presence of numerous synonymous names, which prove, among others, that the Polish medical terminology has still been in the phase of formation, has also been noticed.
5
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Relazioni tra il lessico medico e lessico di altri livelli della lingua in rapporto all’italiano contemporaneo – alcuni casi interessanti

87%
Szpingier B. K.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2013
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vol. 40
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issue 3
105-115
EN
The present analysis consists of several insights into the nature and the tendencies of mutual lexical dependencies between medical language (medical terminology) and other subsystems of Italian, both common and specialist. It summarizes remarks made by numerous scholars, scattered in various compilations devoted to 'usi specialistici della lingua' (language for specfic purposes). Three kinds of relationship are brought under discussion: first, between general lexicon and medical terminology; second, between medicine conceived of as a branch and other specialized domains; third, between various scientific domains and medicine. The scope of research is by no means restricted to specialized texts. By contrast, the extent to which various inner languages are interlinked is corroborated by examples drawn from press releases encompassing various topics (news, politics, health). Detailed observations are illustrated with such Italian terms as: arteria, patologia, trauma, plasma, emorragia, polpa, tromba, and so on. It should be emphasized that mutual interference owes its existence to the upsurge of modern information technologies, as well as to an increasing access to information.
6
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Wpływ języka polskiego na leksykę medyczną w gwarze staroobrzędowców regionu suwalsko-augustowskiego

75%
Grupa M. K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2016
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vol. 40
EN
The Influence of Polish Language on Medical Terminology in the Old Believers’ Dialect in Suwałki-Augustów Region The Old Believers in Poland are a bilingual community. They use two languages: Russian dialect and Polish language. Polish influence on the Old Believers’ dialect increased after two World Wars, when they became separated from their co-religionists in other countries and had more often contacts with Polish neighbours. Their language situation may be characterized as diglossia – they choose one of their languages depending on the domain of life and other social conditions.The medical terminology is a specific part of the Old Believers’ dialect. There are a lot of borrowings from Polish language caused by the need of protection of health and life in Poland, where the Old Believers met first of all with Polish health care system. The article is an attempt to characterize the influence of Polish language in the lexis describing medicine and health care. Wpływ języka polskiego na leksykę medyczną w gwarze staroobrzędowców regionu suwalsko-augustowskiego Staroobrzędowcy w Polsce są społecznością dwujęzyczną. Posługują się rosyjską gwarą oraz językiem polskim. Częstsze kontakty z Polakami po I i II wojnie światowej oraz izolacja od współwyznawców w innych krajach poskutkowały modyfikacjami języka. Ich sytuację językową określa się jako dyglosję – zjawisko polegające na używaniu dwu (lub więcej) języków naprzemiennie, zależnie od sytuacji komunikacyjnej.Terminologia medyczna jest specyficzną częścią systemu leksykalnego polskich starowierców. Cechuje ją znaczna liczba zapożyczeń z polszczyzny w stosunku do leksyki rosyjskiego języka ogólnego i rodzimej gwary rosyjskiej. Znajduje to uzasadnienie w konieczności przyswojenia sobie terminów związanych z lecznictwem w ich polskim brzmieniu, dzięki czemu możliwe jest korzystanie z opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce. W artykule został opisany wpływ polszczyzny na leksykę z zakresu medycyny i ochrony zdrowia.
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W kręgu nazw ironicznych celowe przekształcenia nazw leków

63%
Tomasik S.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
244-257
EN
The article was devoted to the transformation of drugs names. The most interesting are the deliberate conversion of names drugs. The authors of these transformations are the doctors, pharmacists, nurses and patients. Often, the replacement or transformation of drug trade names is intended to hide the shame and fear that are associated with the disease. The replaced names show the patient’s attitude to disease, treatment and even death.
CS
Článek je věnován transformacím názvů léků, zvláště pak záměrným změnám pojmenování léků. Autory těchto změn jsou lékaři, lékárníci, zdravotní sestry a pacienti. Ke změně nebo nahrazení názvu léku názvem jiným dochází často s cílem zamaskovat stud a strach spojený s chorobou. Vzniklé názvy vyjadřují pacientův postoj k chorobě, léčbě nebo i ke smrti.
8
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O funkcjach, budowie i nazywaniu tchawicy w naukach medycznych, w historii polszczyzny oraz w gwarach

63%
Olma M., Horyń E., Michalik M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2022
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issue 17
159-171
EN
This paper is devoted to the lexeme tchawica from a diachronic perspective. The first part is the description of a trachea (its functions and structure) as an anatomical organ, which is followed by the analysis of its etymology. The main focus of investigation is the description of tchawica in the history of the Polish language and dialects. For this purpose, synonyms, derivatives, variant forms (in terms of phonetics and morphology), names based on foreign words (derived from Latin and Greek), as well as hybrid names, have been pointed out. According to the analysis, these names are differentiated both in terms of motivation and form.
9
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Dénominations des maladies en langue populaire et argotique (de la ‘synonymite’ des noms de maladies)

63%
Kacprzak A., Goudaillier J.-P.
e-Scripta Romanica
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2014
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vol. 1
1-8
EN
As far as illnesses which can be contracted by human beings are concerned one finds many designations, official or popular ones. A formal as well as semantic analysis of a certain number of these names was carried out for the purpose of the present paper using a corpus established by written sources such as dictionaries and literary texts. The result of this analysis consists of synonymous series of terms designating certain illnesses. This synonymy is not fortuitous. It shows a real linguistic need of calling a disease in a way particular to the speaker and the communication situation.
FR
Pour ce qui est des diverses maladies pouvant être contractées par les êtres humains, on trouve de nombreuses appellations, aussi bien officielles que populaires et/ou argotiques. L’analyse tant d’un point de vue formel que sémantique d’un certain nombre de ces désignations a été effectuée à partir d’un corpus constitué de relevés écrits (dictionnairiques et littéraires). Il en apparaît une image de séries synonymiques de termes désignant certaines maladies. Cette « synonymite » de noms de maladies n’est pas certes gratuite : elle traduit un réel besoin langagier d’appeler le mal d’une manière spécifique selon l’usager et la situation de communication.
10
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Medyczne oraz lingwistyczne konteksty rozważań nad leksemem język i jego potencjałem frazeologicznym

63%
Horyń E., Olma M., Michalik M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2023
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issue 18
107-123
EN
The object of description in the following paper is the lexeme język. Linguistic analysis has been broadened by medical context, in which the author presents the content regarding the tongue as the first part of the digestive system, as a sense of taste, and finally, as vocal apparatus. For this purpose, the most important issues connected with the structure, physiology and pathology of the tongue have been presented. The second part of the discussion has been dedicated to the place of the noun język, along with its synonyms and derived forms in old and contemporary general Polish language, as well as dialects. The final part contains remarks on the functioning of the word język in Polish phraseology. This lexeme, as a polysemantic unit, happens to be the component of numerous petrified word combinations, whose meaning reflects the variety of references and contexts preserved in old and contemporary Polish culture.
11

СПЕЦИФІКА НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ СТУДЕНТІВ-ІНОЗЕМЦІВ МЕДИЧНИХ ВНЗУ ГРУПАХ З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ ВИКЛАДАННЯ

63%
Лідія Б.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2017
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issue 5(69)
221-234
EN
The article deals with the problem of the specificity of the Ukrainian language teaching of foreign students in groups with English teaching of medical universities. The aims of the article are to research theoretical and practical aspects of the Ukrainian-language teaching of foreign students. The methods of investigations include analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific sources. The goals, tasks and stages of the study of Ukrainian as a foreign language are analyzed. The main thing in the study is formation of the ability of foreign students to make sentences and the development of speech skills which are based on lexical-grammar material. The concepts of “the language proficiency” and “the potential vocabulary” are defined. The potential vocabulary consists of active and passive vocabularies, international words and words with international roots, derivative words, multivalve and complex words. The importance of using different types of vocabularies: potential, working, thesaurus of medical terminology is substantiated. The using of the signal cards is necessary at the first stage of learning Ukrainian as a foreign language. Attention is accentuated to the formation of language skills through the use of situational-communicative exercises and dialogues. The oral speech should take no less than 30 % time of the lesson. The importance of step-by-step and systematic learning in teaching, orientation to language coincidence in Ukrainian and English languages has been proved. Systematic and thoroughly developed typical exercises, which are based on selected professional-oriented situations and the domination of oral exercises are proposed at direct communication “student – student”, “student – teacher”, “doctor ‒ patient”, “doctor – doctor” are essential for successful mastery of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The ultimate goal of teaching provides realization of the communicative needs of English-speaking students in different spheres of communication: everyday, social, educative and professional at the average level. The prospects for further research are the experimental testing of the methodology of teaching Ukrainian language as a foreign for students of medical universities in the groups with English language teaching in order to its further improvement.
12
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Analisi delle denominazioni di malattie in lingua italiana, polacca e inglese in chiave contrastiva svolta sulla base di alcune entità nosologiche tratte dalla Classificazione ICD-10 dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità

63%
Berezowski Ł. J., Ciesielka J.
e-Scripta Romanica
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2022
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vol. 10
137-153
EN
The article shall cover issues related to the plurality of names of diseases in Italian, Polish and English language. By making reference to their Latin etymology as well as to the multilingual corpus based on the ICD-10 classification provided by the World Health Organization, the authors aim at highlighting a number of translation problems of different categories of diseases by analyzing individual clinical entities from sociolinguistic approach including features such as eponyms, erudite and popular derivatives, Greek, Latin and Latinized forms. In this respect, the differences between various levels of medical communication shall be discussed as well as the frequency of use of some variant forms of diseases in Italian and Polish present within two reference corpora respectively (with a brief remark to English language). Finally, the authors shall point out selected examples of incorrectly rendered forms of diseases between Italian, Polish and English.
IT
L’articolo toccherà argomenti relativi alla pluralità di denominazioni di malattie in lingua italiana, polacca e inglese. Facendo riferimento alla loro etimologia latina nonché al corpus terminologico plurilingue tratto dalla Classificazione ICD-10 dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, gli autori metteranno in evidenza i problemi traduttivi di diverse categorie di entità nosologiche analizzando i loro nomi dal punto di vista sociolinguistico, tra i quali i termini eponimici, derivati dotti e popolari, forme greche, latine e latineggianti. In tale contesto si discuteranno le differenze tra i diversi livelli di discorso nella comunicazione medica e della frequenza d’uso di alcune forme varianti di malattie in italiano e in polacco nei rispettivi corpora di riferimento (con alcuni cenni al caso della lingua inglese). Da ultimo, gli autori menzioneranno esempi di forme difettose nella traduzione di malattie tra l’italiano, il polacco e l’inglese.
13
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DIRECTIVES AND THE SWORN TRANSLATOR: THE TERMINOLOGICAL CHALLENGE OF THE MDD 93/42/EEC

51%
KOŚCIAŁKOWSKA-OKOŃSKA E.
Comparative Legilinguistics
|
2014
|
vol. 20
67-80
PL
Artykuł dotyczy przekładu tekstów związanych z Unią Europejską (dyrektyw), w szczególności dyrektywy dotyczącej wyrobów medycznych. Tłumaczenie tekstów unijnych znajduje się w gestii tłumaczy pracujących w Komisji Europejskiej i Parlamencie Europejskim. Tłumacze przysięgli świadczący swoje usługi we własnym kraju muszą się zmierzyć z tłumaczeniem tekstów i dokumentacji medycznej zarówno dla osób fizycznych (co bywa konieczne dla celów administracyjnych) oraz dla osób prawnych i firm działających na wspólnym rynku europejskim, które do prowadzenia swojej działalności potrzebują np. deklaracji zgodności, instrukcji użytkowania czy certyfikatów badania projektu WE w celu wprowadzenia produktów do obrotu). Tłumacze przysięgli w trakcie realizowania zleceń odwołują się do zaakceptowanych wersji dokumentów UE, aby zachować zgodność terminologiczną z wersjami przetransponowanymi do polskiego prawa. W artykule zostanie przeprowadzona analiza porównawcza oryginalnej (angielskiej) i przetłumaczonej (polskiej) wersji dyrektywy dotyczącej wyrobów medycznych (MDD, 93/42/EWG), która ma na celu zbadanie zgodności terminologicznej oryginału i przekładu. 
EN
The presentation addresses the field of translating EU texts (directives), specifically the Medical Device Directive. The translation of EU instruments lies within the scope of responsibilities of the translators working for the European Commission and the European Parliament. Yet, sworn translators working in their native countries face the need to translate medical documentation both for natural persons (that is necessary for administrative purposes) and for corporate bodies (that operate on the common European market and require e.g., declarations of conformity, instructions for use or EC design examinations certificates to commercialise their products and thus run their business). Naturally, sworn translators while performing tasks commissioned refer to and consult the accepted translated versions of EU instruments to remain in line with the versions that have been transposed into their national legislations. In this paper, the original (English) and the translated (Polish) versions of the Medical Device Directive (93/42/EEC) shall be compared and analysed to find whether the Polish version fully reflects assumed terminological consistency.
14
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Alica u Zemlji Čudesa kao susretište književnosti i medicine i kao poticaj medicinskomu nazivlju

51%
Slunjski K.
Libri & Liberi
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2015
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vol. Vol 4
|
issue 4.2
341-355
HR
U radu se prikazuje interakcija dvaju naizgled nepovezanih područja – književnosti i medicine. Iako je navedena interferencija ponekad teže zamjetljiva, prisutna je u mnogim književnim djelima, pa i u fantastičnoj priči Alica u Zemlji Čudesa Lewisa Carrolla. Prvi dio rada usredotočen je na simptome objedinjene pod nazivom „sindrom Alice u Zemlji Čudesa“. Priča je potaknula znanstvenike na imenovanje određene skupine medicinskih simptoma imenom protagonistice Carrollova djela upućujući na veze pojedinih medicinskih stanja i Aličine čudesne zgode. Drugi dio rada razmatra zagonetnost Carrollova poticaja za stvaranje takve fantastične priče i moguć utjecaj medicinskih fenomena na neke aspekte romana. Nije posve jasno duguje li Carroll inspiraciju dijelom i svojemu zdravstvenomu stanju i borbi s migrenama ili su na njegov rad utjecale halucinacije uzrokovane halucinogenima s obzirom na to da postoji pretpostavka da je konzumirao halucinogene droge. Sigurno je, međutim, da Alica u Zemlji Čudesa predstavlja dodirnu točku medicine i književnosti.
EN
The paper aims to show the interaction between two seemingly unrelated areas: literature and medicine. Although the above-mentioned connection is sometimes hard to notice, it is present in many literary texts, including Lewis Carroll’s fantasy story Alice in Wonderland. The first part of this paper focuses on the symptoms commonly referred to as the Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. The story inspired scientists to name a specific group of medical symptoms after Carroll’s protagonist, thus pointing to the connection between certain medical conditions and Alice’s wondrous adventures. The second part of the paper considers the inscrutability of Carroll’s inspiration to create this type of fantasy story, as well as the possible influence of medical phenomena on some aspects of the novel. It is not quite clear whether Carroll drew some of the inspiration for his writing from his health condition (his struggles with migraines) or hallucinations caused by hallucinogenic drugs he allegedly consumed. One thing remains certain: Alice in Wonderland presents a meeting point between medicine and literature.
DE
Im Beitrag wird auf die Interaktion innerhalb zweier scheinbar nicht verbindbarer Bereiche – der Literatur und der Medizin – eingegangen. Obwohl es sich um eine manchmal nicht so leicht identifizierbare Interaktion handelt, ist diese in mehreren literarischen Werken vorhanden, so auch in der fantastischen Geschichte Alice im Wunderland von Lewis Carroll. Im Mittelpunkt des ersten Beitragsteils steht eine Reihe von Symptomen, die man unter der Bezeichnung „Alice-im-Wunderland-Syndrom“ zusammengefasst hat. Die Alice-Geschichte hat die Wissenschaftler nämlich dazu bewegt, eine bestimmte Zahl von medizinischen Symptomen nach dem Namen der Gestalt aus Carrolls Werk zu benennen, wodurch auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen bestimmten klinischen Zuständen und der wunderbaren Erlebnisse von Alice hingewiesen wird. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags werden Carrolls Beweggründe zur Gestaltung solcher fantastischen Geschichten sowie die möglichen Einwirkungen medizinischer Phänomene auf einige Romanaspekte besprochen. Es scheint nicht völlig klar zu sein, ob Carroll die Inspiration dafür teilweise seinem Gesundheitszustand bzw. seinem Kampf mit der Migräne verdankt, oder wirkten auf seine Arbeit die durch Opiate verursachten Halluzinationen, da es Vermutungen gibt, dass er Rauschgift nahm. Eines ist aber gewiss: Alice im Wunderland weist Bezugspunkte nicht nur zur Literatur, sondern auch zur Medizin auf.
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