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EN
The article is devoted to occasional poetry related to the Poznań 1956 protests. The survery was conducted within the framework of memory studies, assuming that this type of verse is mostly involved in the literary discourse of memory, and can be treated as one of the forms of forgetting. This approach is supported by theory of collective memory, with notions proposed by Pierre Nora, Jan Assmann, Marcin Kula, Andrzej Szpociński and Michel Foucault.
Rozprawy Społeczne
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2019
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vol. 13
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issue 3
13-27
EN
What is memory? Is it just simple recording of events which are running through our lives, recorded just as on a film tape? Is memory a purely individual possession or can we talk about collective memory as well? Memory of the past is one of the inherent aspects of humanity. It constitutes the basis, by which human finds fixing in the world and, above all, in the environment in which he or she lives. Societies last thanks to the memory of the past passed down through generations. The problem is the fact that remembered past is not homogeneous. The same event is differently perceived by its participant, and differently by outsiders. Moreover, events are described differently from the perspective of the years. This article presents theoretical recognition of collective memory, according to Barbara Szacka and Andrzej Szpociński. The positions of the above mentioned authors regarding to the relationship between collective memory and history have been presented and research prospects applied in studies on collective memory have been discussed. The attention was drawn to the most important functions of memory about the past and its carriers.
PL
Czym jest pamięć? Czy tylko prostą rejestracją zdarzeń, które przebiegają przez nasze życie, zapisując się jak na taśmie filmowej? Czy pamięć jest własnością czysto indywidualną, czy możemy też mówić o pamięci zbiorowej? Pamięć o przeszłości jest jednym z nieodłącznych aspektów człowieczeństwa. Stanowi podstawę, dzięki której człowiek znajduje umocowanie w świecie, a nade wszystko w środowisku, w którym przyszło mu żyć. Społeczeństwa trwają dzięki pamięci o przeszłości przekazywanej z pokolenia na pokolenie. Problem stanowi jednak fakt, że zapamiętywana przeszłość nie jest jednorodna. To samo wydarzenie inaczej jest postrzegane przez jego uczestnika, inaczej przez osoby postronne. Jeszcze inaczej opisuje się wydarzenia z perspektywy lat. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne ujęcia pamięci zbiorowej według Barbary Szackiej i Andrzeja Szpocińskiego. Zaprezentowano stanowiska ww. autorów dotyczące relacji między pamięcią zbiorową a historią, omówiono perspektywy badawcze stosowane w badaniach nad pamięcią zbiorową. Zwrócono uwagę na najważniejsze funkcje pamięci o przeszłości oraz jej nośniki.
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 2: Historia
119-134
EN
Memory of the past in a society, especially one whose members were largely illiterate, was not only a bridge of its kind between the past and the present, but an important – particularly from the point of view of the perception of the practice of social life – guarantee of the truth and a sanction of the state existing in the present. It was on the range and permanence of this memory, on the efficiency of securing it and caring for it, on the effectiveness of the chronometric means used, and finally on the consciousness of its value for the „here and now”, which may be jointly defined as temporal awareness, that the conditions of the legal and economic existence of the inhabitants of the 16th century countryside depended. With a limited participation of written sources in depositing the memory of the peasant population and the development of its temporal awareness, this population first of all used relative chronology, no doubt better understood than any absolute date, as well as relative chronological means. The role of guardians of memory, sometimes formalized and formulated as a legal custom, was played by the oldest members of the community, defined as „rememberers” in inspection documents. The memory of the inhabitants of a Lublin village as a rule did not exceed twenty years, but with the use of genealogical measures also much more distant past was remembered, usually reaching the generation of the grandfather, that is comprising the span of about 60-70 years in this way.
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