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EN
The element that connects the thematically diversified works of the Ella Krylova is spirituality- poet’s closeness with God and nature. In 2010 Ella Krylova released her next volume- Мерцающий остров. Cognitive poetics uses the notion of mental spaces, as conceptual areas, that contain specific Information. Blending of these spaces adds a new value to its macrostructurethat a poem constitutes of. In the consciousness of the lyrical I, spaces filled with mythology,religion, culture and nature appear simultaneously. Their integration is conducive to the integrationof various expressions and broadens the poetic language.
EN
The aim of this article is to consider the role of emergent structure in conceptual integration networks and the impact it has on the process of meaning construction. What is under analysis is the way in which a well-established emergent structure helps the blend to achieve its goals of providing human scale and achieving its persuasive effects. The analysis is a case study of four advertising campaigns which use conceptual blending to advertise their products via manipulating an image of a child into their advertising posters.
EN
The paper, presenting research within the scope of cognitive linguistics, concerns the problem of conceptualization of meanings by language users and terminological difficulties with the selection of terms for describing language aspects of human cognition. The aim is to present the referential fields of terms, such as schemas/frames, idealized cognitive models, mental spaces, as well as the cognitive mechanisms which hinder clear distinctions between them. The main goal of the author is an attempt to prove the thesis that the psychology reality principle to the largest extent satisfies the description of mental representation and processing of meanings in the categories of cognitive domains, mental spaces and conceptualizations.
EN
English humour is religiously involved in the creation of the English identity drawing on the nation’s memory, history as well as culture. A great deal of it is devoted to the preservation of a certain self-portrait on the part of the English in that their identity is glorified, demonstrated in a positive light, with the English invariably playing a noble role against the backdrop of historical events, frequently standing alone in the presence of traumatic and unpredictable changes. This article aims to examine English comedy from a cognitive linguistic perspective to demonstrate how the English identity is formulated and (re)shaped, and how the concept of the English self is proudly created in relation to the national identity via the cultural memories and English humour.
EN
The aim of the paper is an analysis of German and Polish phraseologisms with thefocus on processual aspects of their meaning. The central issue of interest is the individual subjective and emotional shaping of conceptualizations and meanings. The conclusions are concerning the mental phenomenon of processual meaning variability, mental spaces and cognitive domains.
DE
In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die konzeptuellen Metaphern in den Bezeichnungen der Teekompositionen in der polnischen, russischen und deutschen Sprache analysiert. Die theoretische Grundlage der Analyse bilden die Konzeptionen von Lakoff, Johnson (1980), Fauconnier (1985) und Fauconnier, Turner (1998, 2002). Es wird angestrebt, die konzeptuellen Metaphern aufzudecken, die Metaphorisierungsprozesse zu beschreiben und die durch die Teebezeichnungen aktivierten Konzeptualisierungen zu charakterisieren.
EN
Research material in this article consists of the conceptual metaphors in the names of tea varieties and tea compositions from the original data in Polish, Russian and German. The theoretical basis of the analysis is the approach by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Fauconnier (1985), and Fauconnier and Turner (1998, 2002). The present study seeks to reveal conceptual metaphors, to describe the processes of metaphorization and to characterize conceptualization, activated by the tea names.
EN
This paper presents an integration of mental spaces theory and the notion of grounding. The aim is to present a communication model based on the idea of blending of mental spaces that can be used to analyse an ongoing discourse and represent the functions of grounding elements in speaker — hearer interaction. The objective is to emphasise the intersubjective and dynamic nature of human communication and to integrate grammar and discourse analysis within one universal representation. Consequently, the proposed model is used to analyse nominal grounding in authentic texts with variants in English, Spanish and Czech, thus representing the Germanic, Romance and Slavonic families. The communication model is presented as a polyfunctional tool for an abstract representation of communication in general, for an in-depth analysis of grounding in a concrete text and for a contrastive study involving various languages.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie modelu zmiany znaczeniowej czasownika obrażać na gruncie koncepcji przestrzeni mentalnych wypracowanej w lingwistyce kognitywnej. Przyjęcie założenia, iż procesy zmiany znaczeń leksemów są wywoływane przez zmiany językowych obrazów świata, kodowanych w przestrzeniach mentalnych użytkowników języka, skłania do postawienia hipotezy, że upowszechniające się w społeczeństwie polskim przekonania antysemickie (antyjudaistyczne) w XV i XVI wieku wywołały proces specyfikacji znaczenia badanego czasownika. Można bowiem wykazać, że w wyniku amalgamacji pierwotnej przestrzeni mentalnej czasownika obrażać z przestrzenią mentalną czasownika obrzezać doszło do ukonstytuowania obecnego znaczenia analizowanego leksemu w jego funkcji oznaczania czynności znieważania kogoś.
EN
The article aims to present the model of changing the meaning of the verb obrażać (to abuse) based on the concept of mental spaces developed within the framework of cognitive linguistics. Adopting the assumption that the processes of changing the meanings of lexemes are induced by the changes of linguistic pictures of the world encoded in mental spaces of language users induces formulating a hypothesis that the spread of anti-Semitic (anti-Judaist) convictions in the 15th and 16th c. brought about the specification process of the verb under scrutiny. It can be demonstrated that in effect of primary mental space amalgamation of the verb obrażać (to abuse) with the mental space of the lexeme obrzezać (to circumcise) the present significance of the verb in question has been constructed with the meaning referring to an act of abusing somebody.
EN
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PL
Komplementarność teorii sieci relacyjnych i teorii amalgamatówThe article aims to show that Lamb’s Relational Network Theory (RNT) (1999) is compatible with Fauconnier and Turner’s Conceptual Network Theory (CNT) (1998) and that the theories may complement each other in the analysis of language-related operations. The article presents main assumptions of both theories and describes a stratificational model of language developed by Sydney Lamb. According to Lamb, language constitutes a network of relationships which shares a number of similarities with the neural network of the human brain. Parts of the linguistic network are activated by linguistic input and brought to light by Fauconnier’s mental spaces. Additionally, the author of the article emphasises that the process of integration operates at various linguistic levels and is crucial for proper structuring of linguisticelements, which is evident from the analysis of verbal blunders.
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