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EN
The article analyses explanations of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, related to evaluation of mergers, and in particular to the definition of relevant markets and appraisal of the influence of mergers between companies on competition, published in August 2012. The Author extracted explanations related to the pharmaceutical industry in order to use them for defining of particular features of medicinal products’ markets and for analyzing the impact of mergers in the area of pharmaceuticals on competition. Particular features of the medicinal products’ markets cause that only some elements of the evaluation used by the President may be applied.
PL
W artykule przeprowadzona została analiza opublikowanych w sierpniu 2012 r. wyjaśnień Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów dotyczących oceny zgłaszanych do niego koncentracji, a w szczególności definiowania rynków właściwych oraz oceny wpływu koncentracji przedsiębiorstw na konkurencję. Autorka wyodrębniła wyjaśnienia dotyczące przemysłu farmaceutycznego, które następnie posłużyły do określenia cech szczególnych rynków właściwych produktów leczniczych oraz do analizy wpływu połączeń przedsiębiorstw działających na rynkach produktów leczniczych na konkurencję. Szczególne cechy rynków produktów leczniczych powodują, że znajdują do nich zastosowanie tylko niektóre elementy oceny stosowane przez prezesa urzędu przy wydawaniu decyzji.
EN
Purpose: This study identifies and analyzes the factors that impact the financial performance of companies after a merger and acquisition transaction. Methodology: As many as 130 Polish market observations were analyzed with an OLS regression model to verify the research hypotheses. Results: The results reveal that the company’s size, performance before the transaction, and its international nature translated into improvement of post-transaction financial performance. Moreover, industry diversification transactions and CEO changes in acquiring a company had a negative impact on the company’s financial performance after the transaction. Originality: This investigation is the first study devoted to the Polish market in the research field of M&A determinants with the use of such a large sample.
EN
The aim of this article is to present various approaches to the processes of mergers and acquisitions at small and medium-sized enterprises. The author characterises motives for the engagement specific for SMEs, a model of the emergence of acquisition capabilities and factors that may lead to the successful performance of M&A transactions.
EN
The authors present the issues and challenges related to the changes in status of a company and its impact on competitiveness. Status changes of companies, mostly mergers and acquisitions of companies, are one of the ways in which capital owners and management direct economic activities with the aim of maximizing profits. In order to make the right and justified decision, in terms of achieving the economic interests of the company, it is essential to know the laws and regulations in this area. This paper should provide answers on various questions which will be presented to decision makers in every company, considering status changes. Bearing in mind that the question of status changes often associated with an international element, the authors will pay special attention on the EU legislation and current legal framework in the Republic of Serbia.
5
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Content available

M&A Cooperative Games

88%
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2014
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vol. 9
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issue 1
119-130
EN
Cooperative game theory instruments application to the corporate finance M&A research issues provide an ability to extend the field considered and conclusions obtained. The paper presents the M&A cooperative games modeling and its empirical implementation to analyze the airline strategic alliance as M&A deal.
EN
The article focuses on the case study analysis of selected Chinese companies which concluded agreements such as mergers and acquisitions on the European market in the chemical sector between 2005 and 2015, that is: the agreements between BorsodChem Zrt and Wanhua Industrial Group, as well as between Pirelli and National Chemical Corp. The purpose of the paper is to recognise the premises and results of those investments. Therefore, first specifics of the Chinese chemical sector and the characteristics of the analysed companies have been presented. Then the analysis of the premises, the strategic goals, as well as the course of the agreements and the implications of these forms of integration, in the context of shaping the economic strength, position and direction of strategic growth of companies on the European market have been presented.
FR
Dans l’affaire Austria Asphalt, la Cour de justice a rendu le premier arrêt préjudiciel relatif au régime communautaire de contrôle des concentrations. Dans les termes de l’avocat général Kokott, la Cour suprême autrichienne a demandé à la Cour de justice de répondre à la question fondamentale de la definition d’une concentration entre entreprises dans le cadre de l’article 3 du Rè glement (CE) No 802/2004. La Cour de justice a jugé que l’article 3 de l’EUMR doit être interprété en ce sens qu’une concentration est réputée survenir lors d’un changement de la forme du contrôle d’une entreprise existante qui ne devient commune que si l’entreprise commune créée par une telle opération remplit de manière durable toutes les fonctions d’une entité économique autonome. Bien que la décision ait été rendue dans le contexte d’un scénario d’opération précis, le raisonnement sousjacent pourrait jeter un nouvel éclairage sur la façon d’évaluer les opérations qui se situent entre la prise de contrôle et la création d’une co-entreprise. Toutefois, ce raisonnement n’est pas conforme aux objectifs et aux fondements économiques du régime communautaire de contrôle des concentrations. Cela peut être prouvé tant par rapport au scénario de transaction directement couvert par la question préjudicielle que par rapport à d’autres scénarios de transaction.
EN
In Austria Asphalt, the Court of Justice issued the first preliminary ruling related to the EU merger control regime. In Advocate General Kokott’s words, the Austrian Supreme Court asked the Court of Justice to answer the fundamental question of what constitutes a concentration between undertakings within Article 3 of the EUMR. The Court of Justice held that Article 3 of the EUMR must be interpreted as meaning that a concentration is deemed to arise upon a change in the form of control of an existing undertaking which, previously exclusive, becomes joint only if the joint venture created by such a transaction performs on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity. Although the ruling was rendered in the context of a specific transaction scenario, the underlying reasoning could shed new light on how to assess transactions that fall between acquisition of control and creation of a joint venture. However, this reasoning is incompliant with the purposes and economic foundations of the EU merger control regime. This can be proven both in relation to the transaction scenario directly covered by the question for a preliminary ruling and, if extrapolated, in relation to other transaction scenarios.
EN
This paper highlights selected issues concerning the new regulation of mergers, divisions, transformations and acquisitions of companies under the proposal for the new Act on Liability of Collective Entities for Acts Prohibited under the Penalty. The new While the old Act of 2002 does not create any regulation in that sphere of company law and its practical usage is marginal, the undisputed position of legal doctrine is that the rules of universal succession (for mergers and divisions), created in the fie ld of company law, cannot be transposed into the area of repressive liability of collective entities. The new Act not only changes that status, creating its own, direct regulations of succession and continuation of liability in case of mergers, divisions and transformations of collective enti- ties (companies), but also adds rules on such succession even in connection with simple and massive transactions of acquisition of companies and their assets.
EN
This paper creates a continuation of an analysis of the new regulation of mergers, divisions, transformations and acquisitions of companies under the proposal for the new Act on Liability of Collective Entities for Acts Prohibited under the Pen- alty. Its scope is concentrated especially on the new regime concerning acquisi- tions of companies and selected new common threats that the new act creates for every business operation from the sphere of mergers and acquisitions, especially in a situation, where economic condition of one of the companies (the acquiring one) is much better than the other party to the transactions.
EN
This article analyses the way in which standard of judicial review of the European Commission’s (EC) decisions concerning oligopolistic markets was exercised by EU judiciary. In the recent years we could observe an increasing role played by the GC and the ECJ in shaping the legal framework in which mergers are assessed. In fact, the EU judiciary has not only extended the previously narrow scope of the original merger regulation but it has also contributed significantly towards increasing the legal certainty by elaborating a reliable set of legal criteria for the assessment of oligopolistic markets, which also reflected the economic theory. The EU judiciary has also very often acted as a ‘filter’ to the novel theories introduced in the EC decisions. All of the aforementioned developments would not be possible without the high standard of judicial review exercised by EU courts and ‘special judicial techniques’ used by them.
FR
Cet article porte sur la manière dont le contrôle juridictionnel des décisions de la Commission Européenne relatives aux concentrations des entreprises sur les marchés oligopolistiques a été effectué par les juridictions européennes. Dans les dernières années, on pouvait observer l’accroissement de rôle du Tribunal et de la Cour dans le développement du cadre juridique dans lequel les concentrations sont évaluées. En réalité, la branche judiciaire de l’UE a élargi le champ d’application du règlement sur les concentrations. Ainsi, elle a également contribué considérablement a l’augmentation de la certitude juridique grâce aux développements des critères qui servent à évaluer les marchés oligopolistiques, ce qui reflet également les théories économiques. Les cours européennes ont fréquemment agie en tant qu’un ‘filtre’ des nouvelles théories qui ont été avancée par la Commission Européenne. Tous les développements en question ne serraient pas possible sans le niveau élevé de contrôle juridictionnel ainsi que ‘les techniques judiciaires spécifiques’ employées par les cours.
PL
W swoim artykule autorka zwraca uwagę na znaczenie procesów komunikacyjnych podczas przeprowadzania tak skomplikowanych zmian organizacyjnych, jakimi są fuzje i przejęcia. Wychodząc od definicji pojęcia komunikacji, jej rodzajów i charakteru działania w ogólnym wymiarze przechodzi do pokazania jej znaczenia w życiu i funkcjonowaniu każdej organizacji. Szczególną uwagę poświęca komunikacji wewnętrznej, ze względu na jej miejsce w świadomości pracowników i rolę, jaką może pełnić podczas transakcji M&A. Autorka przytacza również wyniki badań, tak i swoje jak innych badaczy, które dowodzą, że komunikacja może odpowiadać za sukces firmy, która z różnych przyczyn przeprowadziła fuzję bądź przejęcie. Różnorodność metod i narzędzi, służących do przekazywania informacji w przedsiębiorstwie, pomaga z kolei w zbudowaniu spójnej i skutecznej polityki komunikacyjnej.
EN
The author pays attention to the importance of communication processes during performing such complicated organizational changes as mergers and acquisitions. Starting from the definition of the concept of communication, the types and nature of the action in the general dimension she moves on to show its importance in the life and functioning of each organization. Particular attention is given to internal communication, because of its place in the minds of workers and the role it can play in M&A transactions. The author quotes the results of research, both her own and other researchers, which prove that the communication may be responsible for the success of the company, which for various reasons has carried out a merger or acquisition. The variety of methods and tools used for the transfer of information in the company helps, in turn, to build a coherent and effective communication policy.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2018
|
vol. 21
|
issue 1(78)
48-64
PL
W niniejszym artykule przeprowadza się analizę wielokryterialną procesu decyzyjnego związanego z procedurami fuzji i przejęć w sektorze bankowym. W pierwszej części definiuje się motywy przeprowadzania tej procedury. Wskazuje się także wielorakość przyczyn dla obu stron transakcji. Przyczyny te analizowane są w dalszej części artykułu z wykorzystaniem metody AHP. W oparciu o tę metodę opracowano system kryteriów i subkryteriów, które wykorzystano w badaniach empirycznych obejmujących oddziały banków funkcjonujących na terenie Gdańska. Struktura hierarchiczna umożliwiła zdefiniowanie grupy modeli addytywnych procesu decyzyjnego. Główne wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań zawarto w zakończeniu.
EN
This article conducts a multicriteria analysis of the decision-making process related to merger and acquisition procedures in the banking sector. The first part defines the motives behind this procedure. It also indicates the multiplicity of causes for both parties to the transaction. These reasons are analyzed in the further part of the article using the AHP method. Based on this method, a system of criteria and sub-criteria was developed, which was used in empirical studies involving branches of banks operating in Gdansk. The hierarchical structure made it possible to define a group of additive models of the decision-making process. The main conclusions of the conducted research were included in the end of the paper.
13
51%
PL
Artykuł stanowi przegląd literatury na temat znaczenia kultury organizacyjnej w procesach połączeń i przejęć w przedsiębiorstwach o charakterze międzynarodowym. Autorka prezentuje badania nad kulturą w organizacji i zarządzaniu oraz opisuje motywy i przesłanki przeprowadzania fuzji i przejęć. Przytaczając wyniki badań, ukazuje z jednej strony kulturę jako jedną z głównych przyczyn niepowodzeń w przeprowadzaniu połączeń, z drugiej zaś - wskazuje na jej niewykorzystany potencjał w skomplikowanych warunkach zmian. Dodatkowo określa jak sprawnie przeprowadzić proces integracji w sytuacji fuzji i przejęcia, podając przykład praktycznych narzędzi i teorii, mogących mieć zastosowanie w codziennym funkcjonowaniu firmy po połączeniu bądź przejęciu.
EN
The article is a review of the literature on the importance of organizational culture in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) processes at international companies. The author presents research on culture in organization and management fields and also discusses reasons for carrying out M&A. On the one hand the author considers culture one of main factors contributing to failure to merge on the other she shows its untapped potential in complicated conditions of changes in a company. Additionally the author defines what a successful integration process in M&A is giving examples of practical tools and theories which can be used in daily running of firm after a merger or an acquisition.
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