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EN
The article is a phenomenological approach to the phenomenon of nothing nessexperienced at the intersection of the spheres of religion and politics, on the example of Adam Mickiewicz's messianism. The essence of messianism of Polish poetis a metaphor as Poland as the Christ of nations understood not as literary fiction, but a real relationship between the Polish people and Christ, the relationship that its fulfilled in the establishing by Poland nation millenaristic realm of everlasting freedom. In messianism of polish poet one can capture two form through which nothingness reveals. The first one is forgetfulness of divine revelation penetrating the political sphere and exclusion from communion with God that constitute the realm of politics as a sphere of anti-divine, demonic. A second form is cleansing and separating force of nothingness in relation to the realm of sin, the power of nothingness, which appears as essential part of sanctification of Polish nation. Nothingness linked to religious-political sphere appears as anambivalent phenomenon, both negative and positive in its power.
EN
Alexander Prokhanov is one of the most significant figures in the patriotic-conservative circles in Russia. What makes him extraordinary is his versatility – he is a political activist, journalist, media personality and a writer. The idea of special historical destiny of Russia is a constant component of his political views which have a strong mystical background. The novel Star Man is a typical example of the literary expansion of his political concepts by referring to the poetics of myth.
EN
The aim of the text is to present images of Camões created by nineteenth-centu- ry Polish writers. The author of the article refers to the following literary works: Kamoens w szpitalu [Camões in Hospital] by Julian Korsak, Kamoens by Fryderyk Halm and Don Sébastien de Portugal by Aleksander Przezdziecki. All these au- thors regarded Camões as an outstanding and suffering poet, who believed in a specific form messianism.
PL
The article discusses the way of functioning of an atomic bomb in Jacek Dukaj’s works. A lot of attention is particularly paid to the analysis of the functions the A-bomb fulfils in this writer’s contemporary novel – Xavras Wyżryn. It is indicated that Dukaj used mainly symbolic power of atomic weapons in this work. The system of negative associations and emotions relating to these weapons clashed with the Polish messianic tradition of struggle for independence, which served as a basis for reflection on the issue of terrorism. In Dukaj’s novel, an atomic bomb is not the part of a coherent futurological vision or the basis for a deeper reflection concerning the civilization threats. In the writer’s later works, in which the reflection is clearly present, nuclear weapons no longer play a significant role. The threats presented are of different nature: they are connected with genetic, memetic or ecological experiments. The example of Dukaj’s works – the way in which the atomic weapons are present and absent in it – is a starting point for a hypothesis on the reduced attractiveness of nuclear weapons as a motif of the fantasy literature. Although they still carry a huge emotional load, at present the civilization concerns, which expressed themselves as the fear of nuclear weapons – e.g. the fear of excessive power of the mankind, the fear of selfdestruction or the changes taking place in the human species, to a great extent have shifted elsewhere.
EN
The paper presents the key theses of Vyacheslav Ivanov’s concept of the national idea, both in a general (concerning every nation) and a specific (concerning the Russian nation) perspective. The starting point are the youthful intuitions of the philosopher, who from the very beginning was not able to accept nationalist views of the great minds of his times. This rejection of nationalism (understood as national egoism) becomes the basis for formulating the religious national idea (for every nation); against this background Ivanov perceives Russia as an exceptional country at the beginning of 20th century. The philosopher claims that Russia has an extraordinary historical mission, but he also sees potential obstacles in realizing this mission.
EN
The article considers the highly critical handling of the British brand of messianism in Graham Swift’s novel Waterland (1983) in the light of Jacques Lacan’s concept of the phallus. The issue is approached through the figure of the narrator’s half-brother, spawned to be the saviour of the world and the narrator’s attitude towards promises of a grand future, an epitome of Graham Swift’s overall distrust of totalising narratives. The desire for a complete and final explanation is shown to be as inescapable as it is impossible to fulfil.
EN
The article suggests a reinterpretation of the titulary of God’s Anointed One in Isa 9,5b-6a. Based on a detailed analysis of the inscription of this text in the Qumran Isaiah scroll (QIsaa) and in the oldest Masoretic manuscripts also in their relation to biblical onomastics, a triple division of royal titulary, different from the hitherto accepted ones, is proposed which in the intent of the biblical author was to reflect the qualities of an ideal king. This triple division refers to the king’s wisdom as a mediator between God and the people („A Wonderful Counselor is God”), his role as a commander who fights in the name of the Divine protector („Mighty is the Everlasting Father”) and as a guardian who watches over the fate of the community entrusted to his care („The Divine Companion is the Master of Prosperity”). This image is confirmed by extrabiblical texts especially by the sources from Ugarit, where the kings used a similar titulary - both in the aspect of form as well as content.
EN
The article discusses the issue of how Dmitry Merezhkovsky thinks about Polish Republic new religious consciousness, appearances of anti-bolshevists. Researches are based on the analysis of publications in periodicals of Polish Republic. The main issue is religious messianism of Russian and Polish peoples.
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Galician neomessianism

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EN
The article presents the idea of neomessianism, created in the circles of Polish intelligentsia at the end of the 19th century in Galicia – a part of the Polish territory that was subsequently annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Galician neomessianism referred to the messianic philosophy of Polish Romantics: A. Mickiewicz, J. Słowacki, J.M. Hoene-Wroński and A. Cieszkowski, simultaneously transforming the themes of Romantic messianism, adapting them to the sociopolitical realities of Poland enslaved until 1918 and rebuilt in the interwar period. The article discusses the views of S. Buszczyński, S. Szczepanowski, W. Dzieduszycki, K. Odrzywolski, A. Boleski, A. Górski, A. Chołoniewski, W. Lutosławski and J. Braun. It also includes reflections on the specificity of Galician neomessianism and its difference in comparison with Romantic messianism.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje ideę neomesjanimu powstałą w środowisku polskiej inteligencji w końcu XIX w. w Galicji – części ziem polskich znajdujących się wtedy pod zaborem c.k. Austro- Węgier. Neomesjanizm galicyjski nawiązywał do filozofii mesjanistycznej polskich romantyków: A. Mickiewicza, J. Słowackiego J.M. Hoene-Wrońskiego i A. Cieszkowskiego. Jednocześnie przetwarzał wątki romantycznego mesjanizmu, dostosowując je do realiów społecznopolitycznych Polski zniewolonej do 1918 r. i odbudowującej się w okresie międzywojennym. W artykule omówiono poglądy S. Buszczyńskiego, S. Szczepanowskiego, W. Dzieduszyckiego, K. Odrzywolskiego, A. Boleskiego, A. Górskiego, A. Chołoniewskiego, W. Lutosławskiego i J. Brauna. Są tu także zawarte rozważania nad specyfiką galicyjskiego neomesjanizmu i jego odmiennością w porównaniu z romantycznym mesjanizmem.
EN
Paweł Rojek in his Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History] rightly pointed the importance of Polish messianism for the understanding of John Paul II. It is especially convincing when one consider the early poetry of the future Pope, the testimony of his personal secretary sister Emilia Ehrlich, and the importance of suffering, both in theological reflexion, and personal life of John Paul II. Nevertheless, papal messianism was a very special kind. First, the concept of nation, adopted by John Paul II, did not exclude the universal dimension of humanity. The pope applied the principles of his theology of nation not only for Poland, but also for many others nations, and in many occasions prised the multinational political formations. Secondly, for him, the missions of nations were connected rather with martyrdom than historical victories. Most importantly, John Paul II united the messianistic vision with a very realistic approach to the history. In result, his ideas turned out to be a fatal threat for communist regimes in Eastern Europe. The Solidarity movement in Poland, inspired by John Paul II, might be seen as an attempt of realisation of this specific messianistic vision.
EN
The article is aimed at pointing out the messianic dimension of Clarice Lispector’s writings. We intend to describe the post-secular vision of the collective redemption embedded in her work as essentially opposed to the vulgarized notion of political messianism. Its core element is the establishment of a new kind of justice, one that would overcome the essential hypocrisy deeply rooted in the ontological system based on individual identities. Giorgio Agamben’s and Agata Bielik-Robson’s ideas are evoked in order to analyze the meaning of the chronicle “Mineirinho” (1962) and its relations with other canonic texts by the Brazilian author.
EN
The article focuses on two texts (Jozef Podhradský, The secret history of Pan-Slavism and Michal Miloslav Hodža Vieroslavín), that are located on the periphery of Slovak political thought, but they are a very significant testimony to the intersection of emancipation ideas in the period of dualistic monarchy. These important texts bring a proposal of various solutions to the arrangement of Slovak-Hungarian relations in the new situation after 1867. Unfortunately, one of them was not published at all (written by Hodža in 1867–1870), while the second one, published in Novi Sad in 1868, remained almost unnoticed.They show how close the idea of messianism was to Slovak thinkers at that time. (This particularly applies to M.M. Hodža). Under her influence, they present their visions of Europe and the monarchy. They also show the Slovaks as a chosen nation that will play a decisive role in the revive common Europe.
EN
The present paper depicts alterations undergone by the sleeping king motif (sebastianism) in the writings of Fernando Pessoa. The data to conduct the study were collected in thematic anthologies and several unpublished pieces. The myth of the King Sebastian was given a congregational dimension by Pessoa, thus conveying his cultural and identity project subsumed under the metaphor of the spiritual empire. Pessoa introduces some readjustments in the way the historical king is to be conceived of. In his theory, Sebastian becomes the figure of the individual effort on the way towards the national renewal. The messianic character of D. Sebastião is defeated in this theory despite having been associated with the figures of either Jesus or the Antichrist. The messiah of the Portuguese foundation myth is replaced with the idea of great man and the task to be carried out in this field, included the metaphor of the Fifth Empire, gains a cultural character. That is why Pessoa’s theories must no longer be interpreted in messianic terms. The Pessoa’s transformations of the sebastianism analyzed in this article are the starting point for the new national narration in the poetic cycle of "Mensagem".
EN
Paweł Rojek in his book Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History] reveals the importance of the Polish romantic messianism for the thought of John Paul II. He carefully defends this tradition against the popular charge of heresy, and argue that in fact it preceded the formulation of Catholic social teaching and some crucial doctrines of the Second Vatican Council. In the longest chapter of his book, Rojek developes “Messianism of Work, ” an idea very close to me. For John Paul II the Eucharist was an inspiring symbol of cooperation of God and man in the history. In this paper, however, I rise some fundamental doubts concerning Rojek’s interpretation. First, he seems to adopt a false theology of nation in which nations are thought as kind of persons. Second, he suggests that John Paul II supported an alleged “third way” between communism and capitalism. Finally, he neglects the universalistic dimension of papal vision. In result, messianism in this interpretation might function not as dynamic universalistic utopia, but rather static, nationalistic ideology.
EN
The article shows forms that neo-romantic messianism takes in Wojciech Wencel’s poetry volumes Epigonia and Polonia aeterna. The Polish nation, understood as a primordial community, is depicted through the prism of national-conservative clichés, taken from freely interpreted Sarmatian literature and Mickiewicz’s romanticism. The hero of Wencel’s poems has a sense of mission as a guide for his compatriots through the traps of late modernity and as a guardian of national memory. The language of this poetry, ostentatiously old-fashioned, serves to sacralize history seen as a continuum of struggle and martyrdom. Both books demonstrate a strongly internalized, martyrological-heroic concept of the messianic calling of Poland – although not expressed as directly as in the preceding volume, De profundis.
EN
In this essay, I argue that a comparison of Derrida’s “Faith and Knowledge” to the texts and thought of classical rabbinic Judaism can illuminate new conceptual connections among the different elements of Derrida’s thought. Both Derrida and the rabbinic texts can be viewed as affirming a type of “holding back” and “allowing the other to be,” stances which Derrida links to “religiosity” and to “messianicity beyond all messianism.” Moreover, the rabbinic texts appear to avoid the “autoimmune” reaction that Derrida sees as stemming from many sacrificial and self-sacrificial logics in which the self is problematically sacrificed in order to preserve the “unscathed” other. In addition, the rabbinic texts’ stance concerning divine authorization for war and capital punishment help to illuminate Derrida’s claim that the ostensibly “secular” wars of modern states are in fact better understood as “wars of religion.”
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EN
In this paper I argue that there is an affinity between the ‘dissident’ in Havel’s essay “The Power of the Powerless” and the ‘spectre’ in Derrida’s readings of Marx. Both are manifestations of a specific modern temporality that Derrida calls “disjointed”, because it is haunted by a revolutionary force and claim for justice. Both also evoke the weak messianic power inherent in Walter Benjamin’s historiography and the spectral responsibility recognised by this power, that is, our responsibility for past and future generations. In post-totalitarian Czechoslovakia, the “nonpolitical” dissident community prefigured the renewal of moral experiences of responsibility and solidarity. In contemporary discussions of democracy, the figure of the spectre is a reminder of the significance of the Marxist legacy beyond its ideological doctrine.
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Bronisław Ferdynand Trentowski vs. panslawizm rosyjski

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EN
In the article I recreate and analyze the attitude of Bronisław Ferdynand Trentowski (1808-1869), one of the leading Polish representatives of “national philosophy”, participant of November Uprising and political emigrant, towards Russian Pan-Slavism. In opposition to Pan-Slavism, Trentowski introduced the idea of the Slavic Reich. Originally he based it on values specific to Western culture (occidentalism), and later on the conservative-catholic idea of Poland as the “Christ of Nations”. Combination of these two doctrines (Russian pan-Slavism and Polish messianism) offers an insight into historical premises of Polish and Russian national identities. The reconstruction of Trentowski’s position is proceeded by synthetic characteristics of Slavophilia and Pan-Slavism in Russia.
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Porażka Ojca

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EN
The father is a dialectical figure. Taking C. Schmitt’s “state of exception” as a point of departure and drawing from G. Agamben’s and W. Hamacher’s analyses, I would like to present in my article the sense of this figure in the context of Hegelian speculation. Although “father’s” tendency appears to be a tendency towards the fullness of identity and pleroma, yet, it hides in itself negativity which cannot be eradicated and which condemns it to unresolvable ambiguity; whereas this ambiguity must lead to the sublation of “metaphysically” understood “fatherhood” for the sake of love.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2013
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vol. 9
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issue 3
159-174
EN
The paper attempts at interpreting the condition of contemporary consumercapitalism through the prism of messianic enterprise. The aim is to considerthe possibility of subverting commoditization from the inside and to outline potentialways of doing this. The theoretical matrix of the paper are Walter Benjamin’sworks set in the tradition of Isaac Luria’s kaballah, along with their further criticism.The final result of the paper should be the figure of a “messianic dustman”and explanation why it has been chosen as the subject of subverting capitalism.
PL
Praca stanowi próbę odczytania kondycji współczesnego kapitalizmu konsumpcyjnego przez pryzmat działań mesjańskich. Celem autora jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy możliwa jest subwersja mechanizmów utowarowienia z wnętrza kapitalizmu, a jeśli tak – w jaki sposób miałaby się ona dokonać. Matrycą teoretyczną rozważań będą osadzone w tradycji kabały luriańskiej pisma Waltera Benjamina, z uwzględnieniem ich późniejszej krytyki. Efektem końcowym pracy będzie zarysowanie figury „mesjańskiego śmieciarza” oraz wyjaśnienie, dlaczego to właśnie ona została przez autora wybrana jako podmiot mesjańskiej subwersji kapitalizmu.
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