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EN
The present work is devoted to the phenomenon of cognitive metaphor and its role in shaping the emotional basis of Joseph Brodsky’s poetry. Cognitive metaphor in the poem Six years later is considered as an element of a complex mental space (the area of sensory or social experience). The phrases map the system of cognitive mechanisms in Russian consciousness, the metaphorical complex of representation of concepts such as Russian culture purity, humility, depression/ lack of freedom, despair and openness. In the poem these concepts create a kind of metaphorical coordinate system, which is based on the archetypal associations.
EN
The linguistic and cultural units war in the sphere of Ukrainian prose in the context of cognitive linguistic, linguistic culture and social linguistic with using of conceptual and cognitive approach is studied. This approach allows to model and reflect the structural elements of speech act participants’ consciousness, it is based on the concept analysis, linguistic and cultural units, metaphorical models and stereotypes, which are the base of a specific conception.
EN
In the linguistic picture of a path, which constitutes one of the elements adding up to the picture of the world created in “Armia’s” lyrics , a prototypical path, comprehended literally, leads to the abstract concept of the metaphor LIFE / DEATH IS A PATH. Not only is this particular metaphor constructed by the domain of space, but also by the domain of time (path - space-time continuum) since covering any distance consumes time, and life itself reflects existence in time. In this picture, life is a kind of path leading to death. This path strictly depends on man – a wanderer who, firstly, chooses a certain direction and, then acts according to the stipulated conditions. There are two types of path: a straight path, which imposes an upright way of behaviour, and a winding path – the antithesis of the former one. The choice of a proper path is troublesome and hence life understood as a constant struggle seems to be justified. It is only God who can lead the human being out of the path marked by sin. Therefore, the conceptual metaphor LIFE / DEATH IS A PATH may be analysed in the perspective of Christianity.
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