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1
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Meteorological satellites since 40 years in IMWM service

100%
Struzik P.
Nauka
|
2008
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issue 4
EN
The history of satellite remote sensing applications in IMWM was presented, referring to history of remote sensing and also development and actual state of meteorological satellite system. Main areas of applications were presented together with examples of products generated from satellite data operationally received in IMWM since 40 years. The problem of data resolution from meteorological satellites fulfilling requirements of meteorology were presented on examples of processes for which were designed. Dynamical development of meteorological satellites in recent years were presented focusing on METEOSAT Second Generation and METOP satellites.
2
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Le Rayon vert de Jules Verne. La confrontation ironique des discours météorologiques

88%
Becker K.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2021
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vol. 48
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issue 1
55-67
EN
Jules Verne’s Le Rayon vert (1882) is at the same time a scientific novel and a love story, a repertory of knowledge and a criticism of clichés. Telling the amusing attempts of a little group of travelers that tries in vain to catch sight of the “green ray” – the last impression of sunset – on the horizon from the Scottish coast, the author confronts in an ironical way different stereotypical discourses about weather phenomena which coexist in the bourgeois society of the late 19th century. Verne mocks equally scientific, folkloristic and romantic ideas about meteorological observations and uses these opposite explications of the mysteries of nature to characterize his protagonists and to develop the suspense of the narration.
3
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Testing the annual rainfall dispersion in Chaiyaphum, Thailand, by using confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation of an inverse gamma distribution

88%
Panichkitkosolkul W.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2023
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vol. 24
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issue 4
109-122
EN
In Thailand, droughts are regular natural disasters that happen nearly every year due to several factors such as precipitation deficiency, human activity, and the global warming. Since annual rainfall amount fits an inverse gamma (IG) distribution, we wanted to try testing annual rainfall dispersion via the coefficient of variation (CV). Herein, we propose two statistics for testing the CV of an IG distribution based on the Score and Wald methods. We evaluated their performances by means of the Monte Carlo simulations conducted under several shape parameter values for an IG distribution based on empirical type I error rates and powers of the tests. The simulation results reveal that the Wald-method test statistic performed better than the Score-method one in terms of the attained nominal significance level, and is thus recommended for analysis in similar scenarios. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed test statistics was illustrated by applying them to the annual rainfall amounts in Chaiyaphum, Thailand.
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Questio astronomicalis Zdeňka z Labouně. Kritická edice

75%
Kocánová B.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2016
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vol. 139
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issue 1-2
123-165
EN
The subject of this edition is a response to the quaestio (raised at the discussion de quodlibet organised by John Hus in 1411), “whether there are seven planets, whether they move in epicycles and on eccentric orbits, and whether their conjunction influences humans and gives rise to comets, blazing dragon (i.e. meteor), halo, rainbow, sub and asub (another meteors) and hyatus and bochim (aurora borealis or clouds coloured by sunlight).” The astronomer Zdeněk of Labouň starts with an astronomical description of the planets, their movements and conjunctions, and then he turns to the question of the influence of planetary conjunctions on earthly matters – on people as well as on the specific optical phenomena. The answers he gives are as follows: yes, there are seven planets; the planets move in epicycles and on eccentric orbits; their conjunctions influence what happens on the Earth and in the air. Zdeněk of Labouň believed that the heat produced by the planetary conjunctions might release exhalations from the Earth surface that cause specific phenomena: comets and meteors through the ignition of dry exhalations; halo and rainbow through the reflection of light rays from particles of vapour. By discussing astronomy, astrology and meteorology at the same time, this quaestio differs from typical works on these subjects. John Hus’ choice of such a unique question might have been motivated by his effort to persuade the public about a high standard of the Prague University, even in this difficult period of its history. The text of this critical edition is based on the only two preserved manuscripts: (A) National Library of the Czech Republic, Prague, Ms. X E 24, fol. 155v–165r; (B) Austrian National Library, Vienna, no. 4673, fol. 156v–159r.
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Země jako kosmické těleso v předsókratovské kosmologii:

63%
Kočandrle R.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 5
659-677
EN
Interpretations of the Earth in Ionic archaic cosmologies usually revolve around the idea of it being a flat disc lying on water or air. In them, the Earth is also conceived as a concrete body situated in the space of the universe. However, due to the meteorological nature of Ionic archaic cosmologies, we can presume that in these cosmologies space was not generally assumed to exist under the Earth. The Earth, then, constituted the lower dimension of the universe as a whole and was not therefore considered a cosmic body. A fundamental change did not occur until the cosmology of the Italian branch of philosophy, which conceived of both the Earth and the universe as being in the shape of a sphere – meaning that the Earth became a separate body. If however still earlier reports of Anaximander’s Ionic cosmology described a cylindrical Earth located in the middle of the rings of celestial bodies, we might conclude that it was Anaximander who was the first to consider Earth to be a cosmic body.
CS
Interpretace Země v iónských archaických kosmologiích obvykle pracují s představou ploché desky ležící na vodě nebo vzduchu. Země je v nich zároveň pojímána jako konkrétní těleso umístěné v prostoru univerza. Vzhledem k meteorologické povaze iónských archaických kosmologií se však lze domnívat, že tyto kosmologie obecně nepředpokládaly prostor pod Zemí. Země tak tvořila spodní dimenzi celého univerza, přičemž nebyla považována za kosmické těleso. K zásadní změně došlo až v kosmologii italské větve filosofie, která pojala Zemi i univerzum ve tvaru sféry – tím se Země stala samostatným tělesem. Pokud však ještě předtím zprávy o Anaximandrově iónské kosmologii popisují válcovitou Zemi umístěnou uprostřed kruhů nebeských těles, lze soudit, že to byl právě Anaximandros, kdo jako první pokládal Zemi za kosmické těleso.
6
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Zmiany średniej dobowej temperatury powietrza w Lublinie w latach 1951-2010.

63%
Kaszewski B. M., Bilik A. Z.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 1
EN
The paper summarizes the mean daily air temperature in Lublin (data from the Meteorological Station UMCS) in two 30-year periods: 1951–1980 and 1981–2010. The range of variability and frequency of air temperature values was analyzed in 2- and 5-degree intervals. The mean air temperature in the years 1981–2010 was 8.7°C and it was higher than the mean air temperature for years 1951–1980 for 0.8°C. In the annual course during 10 months mean average monthly values were higher in the second period. The biggest differences concerned the months from January to March. The comparison of results obtained from two 30-year periods showed that the variability range of the mean daily air temperature has not changed (from -25.9 – -24.0°C to 28.1–30.0°C).However, the number of days with temperature ˃ 20°C has significantly increased, on average by 6 days during the year, while the number of days with daily average temperature ≤ -10.0°C has decreased on average by 3 days in a year. In the annual course the highest changes in two analyzed periods are observed in January. In this month in the years 1981–2010 there was increase in the number of days with daily air temperature above 0.0°C by 4 days.
PL
W pracy zestawiono codzienne wartości średniej dobowej temperatury powietrza w Lublinie (dane ze Stacji Meteorologicznej UMCS) w dwu 30 letnich okresach: 1951-1980 i 1981-2010. Przeanalizowano zakres zmienności temperatury i częstość wartości w przedziałach 2-stopniowych i 5-stopniowych. Średnia temperatura powietrza w Lublinie w okresie 1981-2010 wyniosła 8,7oC i była wyższa od średniej dla okresu 1951-1980 o 0,8oC. W przebiegu rocznym w 10 miesiącach średnia temperatura była wyższa w drugim okresie. Największe różnice dotyczyły miesięcy od stycznia do marca. Porównanie uzyskanych wyników z dwóch 30-leci wykazało, że zakres wahań temperatury średniej dobowej nie uległ zmianie (od -25,9- -24,0oC do 28,1-30,0oC). Zwiększyła się natomiast wyraźnie liczba dni z temperaturą ˃ 20°C, średnio o 6 dni w roku, a zmniejszyła się liczba dni ze średnią dobową temperaturą ≤ -10,0°C, średnio o 3 dni w roku. W przebiegu rocznym największe zmiany w dwu analizowanych okresach obserwuje się w styczniu. W miesiącu tym w latach 1981-2010 nastąpił przyrost liczby dni z temperaturą powyżej 0,0ºC o 4 dni.
7
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Zjawiska atmosferyczne, elementy meteorologiczne i klęski żywiołowe na Litwie w latach 1697–1763 w wybranych źródłach narracyjnych

63%
Wójciuk M. T.
Rocznik Lituanistyczny
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2015
|
vol. 1
EN
The article concerns on the question of meteorological phenomena and their consiquences, such as hydrological phenomena and natural disasters, on the territory of the Grand Dutchy of Lithuania in the years 1697-1763 through the prism of narrative sources. Author analyzed the problems of everyday life in terms of weather phenomena. He also mentioned about the way of naming these normal and abnormal wather cirumstances. Moreover, in the article were described natural disasters on the Lithuania such as floods, famine, conflagrations, locust infestations, epidemics of infectious diseases. References used by author in the process of writing this article relate mainly to observations recorded during the journey. Some of them also describe the conditions which had facilitating or impeding impact on travelling and leisure. Some sources relate to economic issues.
PL
Artykuł omawia problematykę zjawisk meteorologicznych i stanowiących ich konsekwencję zjawisk hydrologicznych oraz klęsk żywiołowych na terytorium Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w latach 1697–1763 przez pryzmat źródeł narracyjnych. Przedstawiona została problematyka życia codziennego w aspekcie zjawisk pogodowych, a także sposoby ich nazewnictwa. Oprócz tego omówiono klęski żywiołowe dotykające Litwę w omawianej epoce: powodzie, głód, pożary, inwazje szarańczy, epidemie chorób zakaźnych. Zwrócono uwagę na postrzeganie niecodziennych zjawisk naturalnych i wiążące się z tym implikacje mentalnościowe. W źródłach odnotowywano wszelkie warunki „niecodzienne” stanowiące przykład „osobliwości” bądź też uznane za anomalie. Przebadane wzmianki dotyczą przede wszystkim spostrzeżeń zarejestrowanych w czasie podroży lub też stanowią doniesienia o warunkach umożliwiających bądź utrudniających przemieszczanie się czy też spędzanie czasu wolnego. Pewna część odnalezionych wzmianek odnosi się również bezpośrednio do problematyki gospodarczej.
8
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Stan wiedzy studentów pierwszego roku geografii UMCS i UW z zakresu meteorologii i klimatologii

51%
Krząstek P., Flis E.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 1
EN
The aim of the study was to compare meteorological and climatological knowledge among first year students of geography at two universities: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS) in Lublin and Warsaw University (UW) in Warsaw. Due to the curriculum changes in secondary schools, as well as different conditions of recruiting candidates, the level of knowledge of students in the coming years, as well as in various colleges and universities, may be different. Identical surveys were conducted twice among first year students of first level full-time studies: at the beginning of November 2014 and at the beginning of June 2015, which allowed knowledge changes evaluation at the beginning of the study and after the first year of studying geography.The problem was a matter of self-assessment of knowledge by the respondents, as many of them are not able to correctly identify it. It was found that there was a marginal increase in the level of knowledge of students of Warsaw University and the UMCS.
PL
The aim of the study was to compare meteorological and climatological knowledge among first year students of Geography at two universities: UMCS in Lublin and Warsaw University in Warsaw. Due to the curriculum changes in secondary schools, as well as different conditions of recruiting candidates, the level of knowledge of students in the coming years, as well as in various colleges and universities, may be different. Identic surveys were conducted twice among first year students of first level full-time studies: in late November and December 2014 and in the second half of May 2015, what allowed knowledge changes evaluation at the beginning of the study and after the first year of studying geography.The problem was a matter of self-assessment of knowledge by the respondents, as many of them are not able to correctly identify her. It was found that there was a marginal increase in the level of knowledge of students of Warsaw University and the University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska
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