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W blasku słonecznym i w milczeniu. Fauniczność przyrody w sonecie Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera W ArkadiiW blasku słonecznym i w milczeniu. Fauniczność przyrody w sonecie Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera W Arkadii

100%

Igliński G.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

2017

issue 5

81-93

This work attempts to present one of the most popular characters in the Young Poland imagery – the faun, which the artists treated as equivalent to the god Pan and the satyr. The subject of this work is the analysis and interpretation of the sonnet W Arkadii [In Arcadia] by Kazimierz Przerwa- Tetmajer. The results indicate that the poem reveals the spaces of nature and the philosophical thinking about the natural world, which are characteristic of the period. It exposes sensuality in the perception of the world. There are no secrets there. The most important secret has been revealed. That secret is life that is love. This is the essence of happiness or the Arcadian nature. The exposure of the sun, which somehow “patronises” things that happen on the earth, attracts attention. The entire Arcadian landscape is penetrated by the power of life. Each individual element of the landscape indicates fertility. Moreover, it may simultaneously be the emblem of femininity and masculinity. Gender and sexuality define not only the last stanza of the poem with the tangled figures of the faun and the girl, but also the entire sonnet. As in the works of Arnold Böcklin, so appreciated by Tetmajer, nature occupies the foreground. On the other hand, positioning a barely visible faun in the depth of it may suggest that it is characterised by faun-related aspects (gender and sexuality). The poem is evidence that the bright solar fascination of the Young Poland authors also occurred during the 1890s, announcing the slow replacement of catastrophism with vitalism.

Współczesne pytania Antygony. O wolności wyborów, o źródłach prawa i uzasadnieniu moralnej słuszności czynów

63%

Lewandowicz J.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

2015

vol. 24

issue 1

23-42

The author presents considerations concerning morality criteria based on cultural and philosophical prepositions. Contemporary issues, in particular bioethical ones, make us pose the questions about the hierarchy of norms and, thus, the hierarchy of activities. This automatically leads to the question about the source (or sources) of law. The basis for these considerations is Antigone by Sophocles as a masterpiece with universal message. From the text analysis one can discover the issue of tradition and its role in social life principles determination. This leads to the question about the sources of law – are they transcendental or immanent? The author points out that Antigone uses the word „law” – „νόμος”, „νόμιμα” – only in relation to the divine laws. Creon’s regulations which oppose them are described as „φρόνημα”– inventions. In this way she acknowledges the supreme character of the transcendental norm. Rejection of the reference to the transcendental leads to „absolute contradiction” in the area of prepositions and attainments of legal objectives. This notion („absolute contradiction”) was used by Joseph Ratzinger in Benedict’s Europe in the cultures crisis. It can be said that this contradiction in the modern age comes from different ways of understanding the relationship between the transcendence and science, and, consequently, law by Galileo. Therefore, the premise of absolute autonomy creates „absolute contradiction”. The attempt to overcome this obstacle is respect for the so called „immanent transcendence”, which is expressed in the natural law. However, one must first acknowledge the existence of the objective truth and the possibility of knowing it and the norm which assesses the consistency of one’s action with those reference points. This norm is one’s conscience which has its autonomy in relation to legal norms that are not based on the natural law. Without that acknowledgement the only justification of law would be mere force. In our cultural situation Antigone’s question about the sources of law and its validity as well as how to save human dignity and love remains still pending.

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1 Igliński G.

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W blasku słonecznym i w milczeniu. Fauniczność przyrody w sonecie Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera W ArkadiiW blasku słonecznym i w milczeniu. Fauniczność przyrody w sonecie Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera W Arkadii

Współczesne pytania Antygony. O wolności wyborów, o źródłach prawa i uzasadnieniu moralnej słuszności czynów