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EN
This article presents a part of a study conducted in the middle school in a small town in the Region of Kujawsko-Pomorskie, interviews and drawing projections of students in one class. Analyses concern two categories: perceptions of the middle school as reported by the students and the new quality of the so-called “in-between” identity. This is an identity created by the specific context that simulated adulthood – a school “suspended” between the two worlds of childhood and adulthood.
PL
Since the concept of the ‘school’ has existed, the triangle of parents, teachers, and students, in all that relates to the parental involvement in the school, has constituted a significant factor that saw ‘ups and downs’ over the years. Some supported the separation between the student’s home and the school, while others saw the connection and cooperation between them to be essential. This article examines students’ attitudes towards their parents’ involvement in school. This article will present the difficulties adolescents have with their parents’ authority and treatments for the era in which we live. Some research studies have found a correlation between parental involvement and its impact on children. The research study diagnoses the students’ positions according to quantitative questionnaires that were built and used. After analyzing quantitative questionnaires, the research attempted to draw conclusions about the tension that exists between the theories and studies showing the benefits of parental involvement regarding the results of the quantitative questionnaires.
EN
The educational changes launched in Poland in 1932 included the establishment of new types of schools, such as seven-year common schools and four-year middle schools. Therefore, there was a need for school curricula that would correspond to the new educational system. The National Board of Education first prepared the preliminary drafts and subsequently passed the school curricula. The Catechetic and Pedagogical Monthly analyzed them over the span of the 1930s. Not only the analyses and their results were published in the magazine, but also the contents of the curricula. That is why in pre-war Poland this Catholic periodical became one of the most important information sources on school curricula of religious education. Moreover, it was a source from which successive syllabuses were derived.
PL
The educational changes launched in Poland in 1932 included the establishment of new types of schools, such as seven-year common schools and four-year middle schools. Therefore, there was a need for school curricula that would correspond to the new educational system. The National Board of Education first prepared the preliminary drafts and subsequently passed the school curricula. The Catechetic and Pedagogical Monthly analyzed them over the span of the 1930s. Not only the analyses and their results were published in the magazine, but also the contents of the curricula. That is why in pre-war Poland this Catholic periodical became one of the most important information sources on school curricula of religious education. Moreover, it was a source from which successive syllabuses were derived.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie, na podstawie wyników badań własnych, opinii nauczycieli przedmiotu „wychowanie do życia w rodzinie” na temat jednej z najbardziej kontrowersyjnych dziedzin współczesnej edukacji – edukacji seksualnej prowadzonej w gimnazjum. W oparciu o wypowiedzi udzielone przez respondentów przedstawione zostały treści realizowane na zajęciach z edukacji seksualnej, opinie nauczycieli na temat: modeli edukacji seksualnej, współpracy z rodzicami, organizacji zajęć z edukacji seksualnej oraz warsztatu pracy edukatorów.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present, on the basis of own research results, opinions of teachers of "education for life in the family" about one of the most controversial areas of modern education - sex education conducted in the high school. Based on statements given by respondents we present content in sexual education classes, teachers' opinions on the topic: sex education models, collaboration with parents, organization of sex education classes and workshop educators.
EN
hool students. The third stage of education was picked purposefully, as it ties in with an important developmental phase for students. Early adolescence is when young people shape their identity in an extraordinarily intense way. They do so by carefully observing the world and, making use of their more clearly defined moral autonomy, by critically assessing the behaviours and attitudes of adults around them. Taking into account the strongly declared, in the 1999 reform, formational approach to teaching Polish in middle school, it should be assumed that the literary and cultural materials chosen by textbook authors will first and foremost serve to create a particular picture of the family. It is therefore worth checking to what extent the resulting picture of the family is a ‘model’ construction, significant for the authors’ perspective on to proper upbringing, and to what extent it is a true reflection of contemporary experiences that form a part of middle school students’ everyday life. This issue is an important one because the textbook narrative is only one of the numerous aspects of formational discourse that reach young people in middle schools; very often, it is not the most important aspect. The ultimate purpose of my analysis is not to reconstruct the picture of family existing at present in the educational discourse, but rather to answer the question of how the messages in textbooks fit with contemporary societal challenges (changes in culture and customs, the shrinking private sphere
PL
Wystąpienie dotyczy wizerunku rodziny wyłaniającego się z podręczników do języka polskiego przygotowanych dla uczniów gimnazjum. Trzeci etap edukacyjny został wybrany celowo, ponieważ wiąże się z ważnym stadium rozwojowym ucznia. To właśnie w okresie tzw. wczesnej adolescencji w sposób szczególnie intensywny młody człowiek kształtuje swoją tożsamość, uważnie obserwuje świat, a dzięki coraz wyraźniejszej autonomii moralnej krytycznie ocenia zachowania i postawy dorosłych. Z uwagi na wyraźnie deklarowany od czasu pierwszej reformy z 1999 roku formacyjny wymiar kształcenia polonistycznego w gimnazjum, należy założyć, że wykorzystywany przez autorów podręczników materiał literacki i kulturowy będzie służył przede wszystkim kreowaniu określonego wizerunku rodziny. Warto zatem sprawdzić, na ile obraz ten jest konstrukcją „modelową”, istotną w perspektywie autorskich koncepcji wychowawczych, a w jakim stopniu przystaje do współczesnych realiów życiowych doświadczanych na co dzień przez gimnazjalistę. Podnoszona tu kwestia wydaje się istotna, ponieważ narracja podręcznikowa stanowi tylko jedną z odmian docierającego do nastolatka dyskursu formacyjnego, a często nie jest to głos dla ucznia najważniejszy. Ostatecznym celem przeprowadzonego rozpoznania ma być nie próba rekonstrukcji funkcjonującego w dyskursie edukacyjnym wizerunku rodziny, ale odpowiedź na pytanie, na ile podręcznikowe kreacje przystają do współczesnych wyzwań cywilizacyjnych (przemiany kulturowe, obyczajowe, znacząca redukcja sfery prywatnej).
EN
The purpose of the article was to give survey of teachers of primary and secondary education on the region. To achieve this objective diagnostic survey was carried out, which showed that the content of the development of knowledge about the culture of their own region and its links with European culture are taken by three-quarters of surveyed respondents.
PL
Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie opinii badanych nauczycieli szkoły podstawowej i gimnazjum na temat edukacji regionalnej. Aby powyższy cel zrealizować, przeprowadzono sondaż diagnostyczny, który wykazał, że treści z zakresu rozwijania wiedzy o kulturze własnego regionu i jej związków z kulturą europejską są podejmowane przez ¾ badanych respondentów.
EN
The purpose of this article is to describe and comment on didactic solutions used at the middle school, related to the poetry of Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska and the short story of an American writer. The Oval Portrait by Edgar Allan Poe. The described methodological tools were developed as part of the national project conducted by the Institute for Educational Research. The basis for the juxtaposition of various texts are such categories as: the arts, love and nature, all strongly present in the works of the above mentioned artists. Conclusions of methodological nature are accompanied by literary reflection.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie i skomentowanie rozwiązań dydaktycznych na poziomie gimnazjum, związanych z poezją Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej i nowelą amerykańskiego twórcy – mowa tutaj o Portrecie owalnym Edgara Allana Poe. Opisane narzędzia metodyczne powstały w ramach ogólnopolskiego projektu prowadzonego przez Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych. Podstawą do zestawienia ze sobą różnych tekstów są takie kategorie, jak miłość, sztuka i natura, silnie obecne w twórczości wspomnianych artystów. Wnioskom metodycznym towarzyszy refleksja o charakterze literaturoznawczym.
EN
The teaching of the Roman Catholic religion at school involves a variety of didactic, educational and evangelizing measures. Among them special care is taken to support students in developing motivation for Christian action. The scope of this catechetical activity has been clearly defined in curriculum documents for religious education, referred to in the core curriculum of catechesis and the religious education syllabus.The paper analyzes the teaching of the Roman Catholic religion at school as a means conducive to motivating young people to Christian action. First, the nature of the teaching of the Roman Catholic religion in middle school and high schools is indicated. In this context, attention is drawn to the core curriculum in the aspect of motivating young people to Christian action. The following factors are presented in a sequence: goals, objectives and content of religious education as well as guidance how to achieve the objectives of the curriculum related to the above-mentioned are of work of the religion teacher. A brief concluding section includes, besides a synthesis of the discussed points, indications concerning empirical research.
EN
A contemporary young man witnesses the continuous strengthening of the relations and the integration between states, communities and cultures. He participates in the processes of globalization and the notions such as national state and “small homelands” are becoming obsolete. Considering the above, systematic environmental education of the young generation by all teachers, including religion teachers, seems essential.The analyses undertaken in the article seek answers to the question of the scope of environmental education in teaching religion to the youth. The following issues are discussed in more detail: definition of environmental education, environmental education program framework in teaching religion to youth, methods of environmental education included in religion lessons. Reference is made to the religion teaching curriculum in Polish schools. New educational challenges are also indicated.
EN
The erstwhile location of the school was Zbaraż. In 1789, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II founded a five-year middle school in Zbaraż. It was one of six such schools in Galicia. In 1805 Emperor Franz Joseph I made a decision to move the institution to Brzeżany – a town which was the capital of the district. After school reforms of 1819, the number of classes was increased to six. The four lower classes were grammatical, with the two higher ones being poetics and rhetoric. A prefect was responsible for the teaching matters, and the strategic decisions were made by a director, who was at the same time a leader of the district (ger. Kreishauptmannem). After the Springtime of Nations in 1848, Kreishauptmann lost his authority over the middle school, and a prefect was raised to the rank of director and took the sole responsibility for running the school. As a result of another reform, the government was trying to reduce the curriculum time in middle school to four years. However, thanks to the efforts of the local community, this was avoided and the middle school curriculum was increased to eight classes. It happened in the years 1863–1864 and 1864–1865. The first matura exam for the Brzeżany eighth grade students was conducted in May and June 1865. After Galicia became autonomous, the school had more room for expansion. The number of students over the years increased from 300 to over 700, and so from 9 groups being taught in the year 1868–1869, it increased to 23 groups being taught in the years preceding World War I. Bilingual classes were being created from the school year 1906–1907, where some subjects were taught in Polish and the rest in Ukrainian. In the school year of 1914–1915, the middle school was closed due to Russian occupation of a large part of Galicia. In the years 1915–1916 and 1917–1918, the middle school was either considered to be at the front or under occupation, and due to these conditions it could not be reopened until February 1918.
PL
Pierwotną siedzibą szkoły był Zbaraż. W 1789 r. cesarz Józef II Habsburg założył w mieście tym pięcioletnie gimnazjum. Była to jedna z sześciu tego typu szkół średnich w Galicji. W 1805 r. cesarz Franciszek I podjął decyzję, aby zakład przenieść do Brzeżan – miasta będącego siedzibą cyrkułu. W 1819 r., w wyniku reformy oświaty, liczbę klas zwiększono do sześciu. Cztery niższe nazwano gramatykalnymi, a dwie wyższe – humanioralnymi. Sprawami pedagogicznymi kierował prefekt, a strategiczne decyzje podejmował dyrektor, który był jednocześnie starostą (Kreishauptmann) cyrkułu. Po Wiośnie Ludów w 1848 r. Kreishauptmann utracił zwierzchnictwo nad gimnazjum, a prefekt podniesiony został do rangi dyrektora i przejął odpowiedzialność za całokształt działalności szkoły. W wyniku kolejnej reformy władze planowały zdegradować gimnazjum do czteroletniego, jednak dzięki staraniom lokalnej społeczności udało się temu zapobiec i uzyskać zgodę na powiększenie szkoły do ośmiu klas. Nastąpiło to w latach 1863/64–1864/65. W maju i czerwcu 1865 r. dla absolwentów klasy ósmej odbyła się pierwsza w Brzeżanach matura, zwana egzaminem dojrzałości. Bardziej korzystne warunki dla rozwoju szkoły nastały po uzyskaniu przez Galicję autonomii. Liczba zespołów klasowych wzrosła z 9 w roku 1868/69 do 23 w latach poprzedzających I wojnę światową, a liczba uczniów z ponad 300 do ponad 700. Od roku szkolnego 1906/07 zaczęto tworzyć klasy utrakwistyczne (dwujęzyczne), w których dla części przedmiotów językiem wykładowym był polski, a dla pozostałych – ukraiński. W roku szkolnym 1914/15 gimnazjum nie funkcjonowało z powodu okupacji dużej części Galicji przez wojska rosyjskie. W latach 1915/16–1917/18 znajdowało się albo w strefie przyfrontowej, albo pod okupacją i do lutego 1918 r. nie było w nim warunków do wznowienia systematycznej pracy.
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