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Świat w powiększeniu. Dziewiętnastowieczny mikroskop jako instrument i jako metafora (na przykładzie twórczości Bolesława Prusa)

100%
Bąbel A.
Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej
|
2014
|
issue 20
106-120
EN
The text is devoted to the invention of the microscope and its image in the literature of the nineteenth century. An outline of the history of this optical tool provides a background for presenting the nineteenth-century microscope as a sign of a certain cognitive attitude, or characteristics of a protagonist, and finally – of the way of seeing the world in selected texts by Bolesław Prus ("Słówko o krytyce pozytywnej", "Kroniki", "The Fungi of this World", "The Doll", "The New Women"), supplemented with examples derived from the “utility literature” and memoirs (Orgelbrand’s "Encyklopedia powszechna"), household guides or memories of one of the first female students in Krakow – Jadwiga Klemensiewiczowa from Sikorski’s family).
2

Sposoby widzenia. Optyka w służbie oświeceniowego racjonalisty

80%
Kowalewska D.
Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej
|
2014
|
issue 20
29-40
EN
“Seeing is to some extent an art to be learned” (William Herschel). Thanks to the new optical tools human perceptual capabilities greatly increased. Cognitive standards have also changed. “The magical glasses” began to modify the image of reality, so the science could deal with objects that had never seen before. The use of a telescope to study celestial bodies caused that universe gained an extra dimension that had to be tamed and explained. My text refers to the impact that the development of optics has on perception of the world in the Age of Lights. I try to show when and how optical devices, assisting the reason in explaining and rationalizing supernatural phenomena, allowed people in the Enlightenment – in literal and figurative sense – to see through, eventually becoming an attribute of the rationalist from this period. The analysis is focused on selected literary and “utility” texts (Jan Bohomolec ’s "Diabeł w swojej postaci"), in which popular instruments (the microscope) and optical phenomena (such as an optical illusion) in the eighteenth century appear.
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