Search results

1

Wojskowe sądy rejonowe (1946—1955).Organizacja wewnętrzna.

100%

Paszek M.

Z Dziejów Prawa

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2013

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vol. 6(14)

175-193

EN

Military courts, including military regional courts, were not only the units of jurisdiction, but also typical military units functioning in the army on the basis of similar rules as the remaining ones. MRC, in terms of organization and economy, was subject to the command of a given military district. An internal organization of MRC was based on a strong position of the head of the court as a commander in chief of this specific army unit. The head of MRC managed the court by means of orders. Military judges were officers in the professional service having the same laws and duties as other officers. They were to obey the regulations concerning the military service, orders, regulations and instructions given by particular army authorities, that is the ministry of the and a commander in chief of the army unit. The officers of the justice service declared the military oath apart from the judge one. The judge courts while performing their professional duties were obliged to wear uniforms and weapons. The duties of the MRC courts in terms of the court administration and military service often influence the judicature activity and judicial independence.

2

The Historical Background as Factor Favoring the Occurrence of Mercenaries and the Contemporary Role of Mercenarism in the Context of International Law

100%

Ledwoń P.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2013

|

vol. 9(9)

100-111

EN

The article analyses the phenomenon of mercenalism, it focuses on the historical background and the origin of mercenaries from ancient times, throughout medieval period to modern times in the context of usage of mercenaries, the forms of military conficts as well as factors favoring their occurrence as warriors. The article describes the most signifcant international legal acts concerning mercenaries and examine the elements of the present legal defnition of mercenary found in Additional Protocol I to Geneva Convention presenting weaknesses of the regulation and proves that in fact mercenary is able to avoid responsibility for his illegal actions.

3

The Historical Background as Factor Favoring the Occurrence of Mercenaries and the Contemporary Role of Mercenarism in the Context of International Law

100%

Ledwoń P.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

|

2018

|

vol. 9(9)

100-111

EN

The article analyses the phenomenon of mercenalism, it focuses on the historical background and the origin of mercenaries from ancient times, throughout medieval period to modern times in the context of usage of mercenaries, the forms of military conficts as well as factors favoring their occurrence as warriors. The article describes the most signifcant international legal acts concerning mercenaries and examine the elements of the present legal defnition of mercenary found in Additional Protocol I to Geneva Convention presenting weaknesses of the regulation and proves that in fact mercenary is able to avoid responsibility for his illegal actions.

4

"Kult čísla" jako determinanta sociálního statusu i každodennosti příslušníků základní vojenské služby v období tzv. normalizace

100%

Altman K.

Národopisný věstník

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2020

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vol. 37_(79)

|

issue 2

44-70

EN

The length of the already completed period of military service played an unofficial but exceptionally important role in the everyday practice of a military service (MS) soldier conscripted into the army for two years (730 days). The period that was getting always shorter and that remained to their return to civilian life (the “number”) significantly or even fundamentally strengthened the real position of a MS soldier within military community in barracks premises, and especially in a partial segment thereof (at the level “platoon, company”), a part of which the MS soldier was. The number was important for creating his ongoing social statute, mainly it determined the classification of a soldier in a clearly defined category (rookie, senior on fatigue duty, old sweat, super old sweat etc.), on which his position within the community of MS soldiers was dependent. The number was a symbol of the above-mentioned variable process, and a lot of essential attributes, which left significant marks on the everyday life in barracks and outside them, related to it. The importance of this number was big enough to be called the “cult of number”.

5

Obraz a text: památník z vojny jako médium paměti

100%

Drápala D.

Národopisný věstník

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2020

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vol. 37_(79)

|

issue 2

113-123

EN

For more than one hundred years, Czech ethnology has been working on and analysing diverse kinds of commemorative records, chronicles, and ego-documents. Alongside the research field´s extension beyond traditional themes, friendship books from the time of military service can be considered to be a new source for the study of personal experiencing the military service. Surviving exemplars substantiate the popularity of this form of a commemorative document. Friendship books usually consist of a section intended for photographs, and a section for texts or drawings. These can be made by the friendship book´s owner, or by his friends from a garrison where he served. On the example of several available exemplars, the text tries to apply two theses by Aleida Assmann: memory as remembering, and memory as repository. The author exemplifies to which extent the friendship book bear witness to personal experiencing one stage in the life of the man. While analysing particular records, the author points out diverse functions of the written and drawn records, and he indicates possible directions of further research.

6

Soldier Woman. Woman in the Arms of the Mars

100%

Piątek J. J.

Reality of Politics

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2013

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issue 4

165-177

EN

A term „violence”, despite transformations of the meanings, has always been connected with relations between genders, and as such, what it means in a given society to be a woman and a man and which economic, social and psychological relations have been assigned to these categories. At least since the 18th century, unequal share of the power between men and women has been justified with, among others, a different share of “passion” and different potential of violence. A real power ready to use violence should be focused on the men side while a tasks of women should be neutralizing men’s readiness to use violence, achieved by subjecting themselves to men. For thousands of years military battles have been almost exclusively a man’s privilege. Even 100 years ago, women did not have a right to vote even in western countries with the longest democratic traditions. Today, giving a woman the highest office in a state is not unusual. So can we talk about a fall of the patriarchy and replacing men by women even in such man fields as war and military battles?

7

Польский аспект в реализации указа о бессрочных отпусках для нижних чинов Российской армии в 30–50-е годы XIX века на примере Отдельного Кавказского корпуса

88%

Lazarian S.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2020

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vol. Tom 4 Nr XXV

39-52

RU

В статье рассказывается о причинах, принципах и характере реали-зации царского указа о досрочных отпусках для нижних чинов в Российской армии. Одновременно сделана попытка проследить судьбы поляков, которые оказались на Кавказе в период активного вооружённого противостояния России с неприми-римой к ней частью горских народов. Объясняются мотивы военного командова-ния, отказавшего выходцам из Царства Польского в отставке от службы, несмотря на их продолжительное пребывание в войсках и добросовестное исполнение ими служебных обязанностей. На основании выявленных документов и проведенного анализа делается вывод о том, что поляки сделались заложниками своего высокого образовательного уровня и культурного развития. Особенно это касалось нижних чинов армии, которые в России за редким исключением были грамотными, не говоря об высоком образовании. Польские дворяне и мещане, отправленные рекрутами в российскую армию на Кавказ, стали ценнейшим подарком местному командова-нию, от которого оно не собиралось отказываться.

EN

This article describes the reasons, principles and nature of the implementation of the tsar’s decree on early leave for lower ranks in the Russian army. At the same time, an attempt was made to trace the fate of Poles who found themselves in the Caucasus during the period of the active armed confrontation of Russia with various hostile mountain peoples. It explains the motives of the military command, who refused to leave the Polish Kingdom to resign from service, despite their long presence with the troops and the conscientious performance of their duties. Based on the identified documents and an analysis, it is concluded that the Poles became hostages of their high educational level and cultural development. This was especially true of the lower ranks of the army which, in Russia, with rare exceptions, were literate, not to mention having higher education. Polish nobles and bourgeoisie, sent as recruits to the Russian army in the Caucasus, became a valuable gift to the local command, which were not to be refused.

8

Współpraca MON z organizacjami proobronnymi – potrzebna nowa koncepcja i regulacje prawne

75%

Lubański T.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2019

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vol. 64

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issue 5 (388)

87-101

EN

The audit in the area was conducted due to the development of social organisations of paramilitary nature, and it was aimed to examine whether the national defence sector had a concept and solutions allowing for appropriate use of these organisations’ potential in supporting the State’s defence system. The main objective of the audit was to answer the question whether the cooperation between the Ministry of National Defence and paramilitary organisations was effective.

9

Służba wojskowa jako służba wartościom

75%

Marcinkowski M.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

|

2014

|

issue 1

69-88

EN

The main task of the army is to ensure the sovereignty and security of its citizens. Military service is regarded as the service of in name supreme good, as service of homeland. This military service changed its nature over the centuries and, therefore changed is expectations from soldiers. One of the most important values of for soldiers remained honor, usually tied valor and sacrifice. In the process of transition from the traditional version from the army as an institution for the army as an organization, in the process of increasing its professionalization, are changes in the military axiology and of the more important is dignity. Still, the sense of military service expressed is in sacrifice for in the socially important and desirable value, decisive on safety and the development of modern societies.

10

Wpływ kompetencji oficerów na rozwój ich karieryzawodowej

75%

Balcerzyk R.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

|

2018

|

issue 3-4(122-123)

55-72

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę określenia kompetencji zawodowych w aspekcie doboru kadr do organizacji. Zdiagnozowano wpływ kompetencji na karierę zawodową, a także zdefiniowano kompetencje zawodowe, które są najważniejsze (w opinii respondentów) w zawodzie żołnierza zawodowego (oficera). Dokonano także oceny doskonalenia zawodowego oficerów w ramach kursów oficerskich w aspekcie kompetencji zawodowych.

EN

This article strives to define professional competence in terms of personnel selection for the organization. It provides a diagnosis of the impact of competence on the professional career, while also defining professional skills considered most important (in the view of respondents) in being a professional soldier (officer). Also assessed is officer professional development within the framework of officer training in terms of processional competence.

11

Vojna stejná a přece jiná: narativní (re)konstrukce základní vojenské služby v multigenerační perspektivě

75%

Hlaváček J.

Národopisný věstník

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2020

|

vol. 37_(79)

|

issue 2

5-26

EN

Te study focusses on generational transformations in the perception of military service in the period from 1968 through 2004, as an important social phenomenon. Major attention is paid to oral-historical interviews with four contemporaries, or more precisely to the ways of (re)constructing their narrative reflections associated with military service in particular historical decades beginning with the 1970s with the overlap to the new millennium (meaning from the beginning of “normalization” after 1968 to the abolishment of military service in 2004). Besides the importance of military service, the text focusses on the identification of potential topics from military everyday life and culture of military service soldiers in the context of the conversion from the socialist army to the democratic one, and at the level of constructing the individual and the group identities.

12

“Mis on möödas ega see ei kordu…” Kurt Eiskopi kirjad Edith Eiskopile aastaist 1940–1941 kui ajalootunnistaja tunnistus

75%

Hollo M.

Mäetagused

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2023

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vol. 86

53-72

EN

This article examines the letters of a young Estonian man, Kurt Eiskop (1919–1944), to his beloved and future wife, Edith Eiskop (1919–1991). Kurt Eiskop’s 55 letters were handed over to the Estonian Cultural History Archives in 2022, as a result of the collection campaign “Letters in my life”, a competition organised cooperatively by the Estonian Life Stories Association and the archives. Most of the letters were written between 16 April 1940 and 29 June 1941, while Eiskop was doing his military service in the army of the Estonian Republic. In this article I consider his letters as a testimony of a historical witness, based on what he saw and experienced during the arrival of the Red Army forces in the Estonian Republic in June 1940 and its subsequent annexation. What interests me in Eiskop’s letters as testimony is, first and foremost, the author’s subjective experience, which can be seen in the way emotions are expressed in his letters. As is characteristic of love letters, the main topic of Eiskop’s letters is emotions – longing for the beloved and nostalgia for life before the army. In retrospect, the latter seems like a paradisaical idyll to him, while the present reality seems like being in prison. In addition to the expression of emotions, the subjective experience of the writer emerges in the letters through descriptions of everyday life in the army, which also contain the author’s thoughts, moods, and attitudes toward the new regime. It emerges from Eiskop’s letters that service in the army of the Estonian Republic was disagreeable to him, as it separated him from his beloved and impeded their beginning a life together. The arrival of reinforcements of the Red Army in the Estonian Republic in June 1940 put the Estonian Army and those performing their military service there in a complicated situation: they had to get used to alienating new circumstances and rules; likewise there were fears that the war would spread to the Estonian territory and that soldiers would be sent to fight the war for the Soviet Union. In a politically complicated time, which also entailed complications for personal life, writing letters provided support and a way of sustaining relationship despite being apart. The letters Eiskop wrote to his beloved during his military service became a kind of refuge for him, a safe world, the creation of which was enabled by nostalgic memories. These are poeticised and idealised images of the past which provide comfort and strength, while intensifying his closeness to the addressee. It is interesting that in Eiskop’s letters nostalgia is not always unidirectionally aimed at the past, but some memories are bound to the author’s hopes and plans for the future. However, nostalgia is not the only emotion that Eiskop expresses in his moments of solitude. Eiskop’s letters are also filled with longing for the beloved, expressed by the author in bursts of emotion, sometimes more controlled, sometimes more expressive, in some letters also as desperation.

13

„Naród bez broni”. Niechęć do służby wojskowej w II Rzeczypospolitej z przyczyn religijnych

75%

Kasprzycki R.

|

2019

|

vol. 126

|

issue 1

EN

Przedwojenną Polskę zamieszkiwało kilkadziesiąt tysięcy adwentystów, baptystów, badaczy Pisma Świętego, zielonoświątkowców, a także wielu innych przedstawicieli mniejszych wyznań chrześcijańskich. Wielu spośród członków tych wspólnot religijnych literalnie odczytywało słowa Pisma Świętego. Przesłanie biblijne oznaczało dla nich bezkompromisowy sprzeciw wobec służby wojskowej z bronią w ręku. Niektórzy nie zgadzali się również na złożenie przysięgi wojskowej. Pre-war Poland was inhabited by dozens tens of thousands of Adventists, Baptists, Bible Students, Pentecostalists, as well as members of many other minor Christian Churches. A large number of those believed in the inerrancy of the literal Scriptures and insisted the Bible was literally true which meant for them an uncompromising objection against military service with the use of arms. Some also objected to their swearing of the military oath.

14

Wybrane aspekty służby wojskowej w kontekście zmian strukturalnych Sił Zbrojnych RP

75%

Predel G., Kiciński Ł.

Bezpieczeństwo Obronność Socjologia

|

2015

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issue 3

190-193

15

Służba wojskowa kleryków – żołnierzy jednostki wojskowej 4446 w Brzegu w świetle relacji kapłanów z diecezji krakowskiej i wrocławskiej (analiza pamięci świadków – wybrane aspekty)

71%

Chorazki M., Romański-Cebula S.

Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej

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2020

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vol. 10

122-147

EN

The article is an analysis of oral history accounts made by clergymen during their obligatory military service in the late 70s, which was a part of repressive policy of the state towards the Catholic Church. The accounts concentrate on experiences in the army, highlighting attempts at structuring and rationalizing the experience of military service. Moreover three characteristic themes seem to be important in the narrations: moment of departure to the army unit, everyday life in barracks and discharge from the army.

PL

Artykuł jest analizą relacji historii mówionej polskich duchownych, którzy pod koniec lat 70. XX w. odbyli obowiązkową służbę wojskową, będącą elementem represyjnej polityki państwa wobec Kościoła katolickiego. Opowieści koncentrują się na doświadczeniach z wojska i są próbą strukturyzacji i racjonalizacji doświadczenia służby wojskowej. W relacjach przewijają się trzy charakterystyczne wątki: moment wyjścia do jednostki wojskowej, codzienność w koszarach i zwolnienie z wojska.

16

Karnoprawny aspekt przestępstw przeciwko obronności i bezpieczeństwu

63%

Szydlik A.

De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

|

2017

|

issue 2(3)

178-188

PL

Karnoprawna ochrona obronności i bezpieczeństwa znajduje swoje źródło nie tylko w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej, ale także w aktach prawa międzynarodowego. Także polski Kodeks karny penalizuje przestępstwa związane z Siłami Zbrojnymi RP, obowiązkiem służby wojskowej albo służby zastępczej, sprowadzania zdarzeń powszechnie niebezpiecznych, finansowania przestępstw o charakterze terrorystycznym, piractwa, rozbójnictwa morskiego, obrotu substancjami niebezpiecznymi czy też powodowania niebezpieczeństwa w szeroko rozumianej komunikacji. Uregulowania te mają na celu zapewnienie odpowiedniego porządku w państwie, prawidłowe funkcjonowanie służby wojskowej oraz dotyczą wielu płaszczyzn życia codziennego.

EN

A criminal-law protection of defense and security has its source not only in the Polish Constitution, but also in the laws of international rank. Also Polish Penal Code penalizes crimes connected with the Polish Armed Forces, military service or substitute service, causing commonly dangerous events, financing terrorist crimes, piracy, maritime offspring, trade in dangerous substances or causing danger in communication. These regulations are aimed at ensuring proper order in the State, right functioning of the military service and they refer to a variety of spheres everyday life.

17

Kościół wobec służby wojskowej i wojny w świetle wybranych kanonów ksiąg pokutnych od VI do XI wieku

63%

Witowski W.

Littera Antiqua

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2019

|

issue 14

57-71

EN

At the beginning of the history of the Church, the attitude of Christians to military service and war was varied. In later years, with the development of Christian doctrine and church discipline, these issues were regulated in detail by the provisions of individual councils and synods. The topic of Christian soldier also appears in penitentiary literature. Penitential books (libri poenitentiales), the subject matter of which actually covers the whole of human life in the context of the possibility of committing a crime - sin and its forgiveness by performing appropriate penance - also refer to the issues of Christian service in the army and participation in war. After analyzing the source text, the author would like to present primarily two issues in the article: the service of Christians in the army (royal or barbarian) and the problem of their participation in the war and the consequences for crimes committed during it. To present the subject, the author will use the canons of selected penitential books, in which interesting, from the point of view of the topic, issues appear.

18

Prywatyzacja sektora bezpieczeństwa militarnego

63%

Wawrzyniak M.

De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

|

2016

|

issue 1(2)

167-175

PL

Nie od dzisiaj wiadomo, że wojna jest biznesem przynoszącym niewyobrażalne zyski, doskonale o tym wiedzą producenci sprzętu oraz najemnicy. Samo pojęcie najemnictwa nie jest niczym nowym dla świata, nawet można się pokusić o stwierdzenie, że zawód najemnika może konkurować z innymi najstarszymi zawodami o miano „najstarszego zawodu świata”. Współczesne najemnictwo w znaczniej mierze różni się od tego ze starożytności czy późniejszych epok. Zwiększyła się klientela tego typu usług oraz zmieniły się zadania powierzane najemnikom. Niestety często prywatne firmy wojskowe są wykorzystywane do niecnych celów.

EN

Not since today, it is known that war is a business that brings unimaginable profits, which is well recognized by equipment manufacturers and mercenaries. The concept of mercenary is nothing new to the world, you can even be tempted to say that the profession of mercenary can compete with other oldest professions for the title of “world’s oldest profession”. Modern hireling, to a large extent,differs from that in antiquity and later periods. Clientele of this type of services increased and the tasks carried by mercenaries changed. Unfortunately, often Private Military Companies (PMC) are being used for nefarious purposes.

19

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПАТРІОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПОЗАКЛАСНОЇ РОБОТИ

63%

Зубалій М.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2014

|

issue 7(41)

217-226

EN

In the article the problem of military and patriotic education of senior pupils in the process of extracurricular work is revealed. Due to the development of an independent Ukrainian state and its Armed Forces according to the new principles provided in the Law «On defense of Ukraine» and «On the Armed Forces of Ukraine», there was an urgent need to develop a new system of military and patriotic education of youth. This requires a new approach to determining the essence, content and tasks of military and patriotic education. The Concept of pre-recruitment training and military and patriotic education of youth sets the following objectives: the promotion of a sense of patriotism, love for people, their history, cultural and historical values; citizenship education and formation of civil consciousness, respect for the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, social activity and responsibility for government and public affairs; forming abilities to the analysis of the external and internal political environment, the ability on this basis independently and adequately evaluate the event and support the defense of the country; the formation of aspirations to acquire military knowledge, achievement of an appropriate level of physical fitness and endurance; raising the prestige of military service, military professional orientation of youth, formation and development of motivation on the development of patriotic feelings, getting ready to defend the Ukrainian state and serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. So, from the point of view of the tasks set in the Concept of pre-recruitment training and military and patriotic education of youth it can be seen that the military and patriotic education in modern conditions is a separate area of education. Its methodological basis constitute conceptual provisions on the development of military and patriotic education of youth; common views on the issue of education of a patriot and a citizen; the formation in youth of high patriotic consciousness, national pride and readiness to perform civil and constitutional duty to defend the national interests of Ukraine. The main purpose of military and patriotic education is to develop in youth a responsible attitude towards the future of military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the education of constant readiness to defend the Ukrainian state.

20

Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

63%

Zieliński K.

Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

|

2021

|

vol. 11

|

issue 11

161-165

EN

Review of book: Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

PL

Recenzja publikacji: Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

Refine search results

Wojskowe sądy rejonowe (1946—1955).Organizacja wewnętrzna.

The Historical Background as Factor Favoring the Occurrence of Mercenaries and the Contemporary Role of Mercenarism in the Context of International Law

The Historical Background as Factor Favoring the Occurrence of Mercenaries and the Contemporary Role of Mercenarism in the Context of International Law

"Kult čísla" jako determinanta sociálního statusu i každodennosti příslušníků základní vojenské služby v období tzv. normalizace

Obraz a text: památník z vojny jako médium paměti

Soldier Woman. Woman in the Arms of the Mars

Польский аспект в реализации указа о бессрочных отпусках для нижних чинов Российской армии в 30–50-е годы XIX века на примере Отдельного Кавказского корпуса

Współpraca MON z organizacjami proobronnymi – potrzebna nowa koncepcja i regulacje prawne

Służba wojskowa jako służba wartościom

Wpływ kompetencji oficerów na rozwój ich karieryzawodowej

Vojna stejná a přece jiná: narativní (re)konstrukce základní vojenské služby v multigenerační perspektivě

“Mis on möödas ega see ei kordu…” Kurt Eiskopi kirjad Edith Eiskopile aastaist 1940–1941 kui ajalootunnistaja tunnistus

„Naród bez broni”. Niechęć do służby wojskowej w II Rzeczypospolitej z przyczyn religijnych

Wybrane aspekty służby wojskowej w kontekście zmian strukturalnych Sił Zbrojnych RP

Służba wojskowa kleryków – żołnierzy jednostki wojskowej 4446 w Brzegu w świetle relacji kapłanów z diecezji krakowskiej i wrocławskiej (analiza pamięci świadków – wybrane aspekty)

Karnoprawny aspekt przestępstw przeciwko obronności i bezpieczeństwu

Kościół wobec służby wojskowej i wojny w świetle wybranych kanonów ksiąg pokutnych od VI do XI wieku

Prywatyzacja sektora bezpieczeństwa militarnego

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПАТРІОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПОЗАКЛАСНОЇ РОБОТИ

Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.