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Česká krajina ve středověké transformaci

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EN
The study deals with the influence of human activities on the landscape in the thirteenth century, hence at a time when the Přemyslid state was undergoing a wave of dramatic transformations, labelled today as the medieval transformation. Special attention is focused on the influence of mills and generally ‘water’ facilities (weirs, ponds etc.) on the environment and further on the role of the forest whose massive depletions settlement progress and colonisation contributed to.
EN
The paper introduces methods of research of historic paths, traffic and travelling in the past based on an analysis of questionnaire responses provided by representatives of municipalities in the Zvolen district (stolica) at the time when Maria Theresia’s urbarial survey was prepared in the early 1770s. The provided answers comprise lots of information which makes it possible to assess serfs’ labor-related mobility, describe the accessibility of mills and fairs, reconstruct market spheres of more significant towns, and also assess the importance and quality of paths.
PL
Dotąd niewykorzystywane materiały źródłowe są przechowywane w Metryce Litewskiej w Moskwie. Kwerenda w tym zespole archiwalnym ukazuje kształtowanie osadnictwa przez królów z dynastii Jagiellonów i późniejszych władców, zwłaszcza w ramach ekonomii grodzieńskiej.
EN
The Lithuanian Metrica in Moscow stores resources that have not been used so far. A query of this archive depicts development of settlement by the Jagiellonian kings and subsequent rulers, particularly within Grodno “table estate” (bona mensae regiae).
EN
The article is attended to an issue of the mill names´ variability in Horažďovice, a small town in southwest of the Czech Republic. It is based on the thorough research of sources and its main goal is to prove how the research of changeable mill names could help to understand the development of milling in the certain area. In fact, the onomastic research could reveal many crucial cultural and social aspects that the conventional way of sources reading would not disclose.
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