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1

Polygraph Tests - Benefits and Challenges

100%

Babu Rajan P.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2019

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issue 19

146-155

EN

This research describes the working, benefits and challengers of polygraph tests. Polygraph tests are lie-detecting devices that help ascertain individuals’ honesty based on physiological indicators. The heart rate/blood pressure, respiration, and skin responses are the three indicators measured in the test to assess honest/deceitful behavior. The underlying assumption behind the working of polygraph tests is that the autonomic responses of dishonest individuals are distinctively different from those of honest people because the liars will be more nervous than truth tellers. Control Question Test (CQT), Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) or Concealed Information Test (CIT) and Neuroscience-Based Advanced Polygraph Tests are the important types of polygraph tests used today. Polygraph tests are used to detect truthfulness of individuals in such important fields as crime investigation departments, national security agencies, and business and industry. However, accuracy of polygraph tests and ethical issues associated with the tests are highly debated.

2

Prediction of a Function of Misclassified Binary Data

86%

Al-Kandari N. M.

Statistics in Transition new series

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2016

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vol. 17

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issue 3

429-448

EN

We consider the problem of predicting a function of misclassified binary variables. We make an interesting observation that the naive predictor, which ignores the misclassification errors, is unbiased even if the total misclassification error is high as long as the probabilities of false positives and false negatives are identical. Other than this case, the bias of the naive predictor depends on the misclassification distribution and the magnitude of the bias can be high in certain cases. We correct the bias of the naive predictor using a double sampling idea where both inaccurate and accurate measurements are taken on the binary variable for all the units of a sample drawn from the original data using a probability sampling scheme. Using this additional information and design-based sample survey theory, we derive a biascorrected predictor. We examine the cases where the new bias-corrected predictors can also improve over the naive predictor in terms of mean square error (MSE).

3

Validity test of the IPD-Work consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between Job Content Questionnaire and Demand-Control Questionnaire

86%

Choi B., Ko S., Ostergren P.-O.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 2

321-333

EN

Objectives This study aims to test the validity of the IPD-Work Consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and the Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ). Material and Methods A random population sample (N = 682) of all middle-aged Malmö males and females was given a questionnaire with the 14-item JCQ and 11-item DCQ for the job control and job demands. The JCQ job control and job demands scores were calculated in 3 different ways: using the 14-item JCQ standard scale formulas (method 1); dropping 3 job control items and using the 11-item JCQ standard scale formulas with additional scale weights (method 2); and the approach of the IPD Group (method 3), dropping 3 job control items, but using the simple 11-item summation-based scale formulas. The high job strain was defined as a combination of high demands and low control. Results Between the 2 questionnaires, false negatives for the high job strain were much greater than false positives (37–49% vs. 7–13%). When the method 3 was applied, the sensitivity of the JCQ for the high job strain against the DCQ was lowest (0.51 vs. 0.60–0.63 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied), although the specificity was highest (0.93 vs. 0.87–0.89 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied). The prevalence of the high job strain with the JCQ (the method 3 was applied) was considerably lower (4–7%) than with the JCQ (the methods 1 and 2 were applied) and the DCQ. The number of congruent cases for the high job strain between the 2 questionnaires was smallest when the method 3 was applied. Conclusions The IPD-Work Consortium approach showed 2 major weaknesses to be used for epidemiological studies on the high job strain and health outcomes as compared to the standard JCQ methods: the greater misclassification of the high job strain and lower prevalence of the high job strain.

4

Wyrok brytyjskiego Sądu Najwyższego w sprawie Uber BV przeciwko Aslam i inni

44%

Gospodarek G.

Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne

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2021

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issue 7

12-18

EN

Article is a detailed study on the UK Supreme Court judgment in the most debated platform economy misclassification case in recent years. The elaboration on the judgment seemed necessary for two main reasons. Firstly, it is a kind of culmination of a certain platform saga. Secondly, the judgment provides valuable technical guidance for any labour court (regardless of jurisdiction) faced with the task of determining the existence of an employment relationship between a platform and a user who provides the work (service) within platform.

PL

Autorka omawia wyrok brytyjskiego Sądu Najwyższego z 19 lutego 2021 r. w najbardziej dyskutowanej na przestrzeni ostatnich lat misklasyfikacyjnej sprawie platformowej. Szczegółowe omówienie wyroku wydaje się ważne przede wszystkim z dwóch powodów. Po pierwsze jest to swego rodzaju zwieńczenie pewnej sagi platformowej. Po drugie orzeczenie dostarcza wskazówek technicznych przydatnych dla każdego sądu pracy (niezależnie od jurysdykcji), który stanie przed zadaniem rozstrzygnięcia sprawy o ustalenie istnienia stosunku pracy między platformą a wykonawcą pracy (usługi) platformowej.

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1 Academicus. International Scientific Journal

1 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

1 Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne

1 Statistics in Transition new series

1 Al-Kandari N. M.

1 Babu Rajan P.

1 Choi B.

1 Gospodarek G.

1 Ko S.

1 Ostergren P.-O.

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1 2019

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Polygraph Tests - Benefits and Challenges

Prediction of a Function of Misclassified Binary Data

Validity test of the IPD-Work consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between Job Content Questionnaire and Demand-Control Questionnaire

Wyrok brytyjskiego Sądu Najwyższego w sprawie Uber BV przeciwko Aslam i inni