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PT
O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar o sistema temporal polaco e português, isto é, comparar as estratégias pragmáticas utilizadas na expressão da categoria linguistica de tempo nas duas línguas analisadas. Para atingir este objetivo propomos demonstrar primeiro as particularidades do sistema das oposições temporais em polaco e em português para evidenciar as diferenças e as semelhanças existentes entre o sistema de ambas as línguas. Os exemplos que propomos para a nossa análise foram escolhidos de modo a evidenciarem, de um lado, as características da língua polaca e a sua originalidade, e de outro, as ricas possibilidades que a língua portuguesa tem ao seu dispor nesta matéria como os meios correspondentes. As nossas considerações evidenciaram que as duas línguas dispõem de processos diferentes para marcar os valores temporais que não costumam coincidir, assim como em situações que não são as mesmas nas duas línguas.
EN
The aim of this study is to compare the temporal system of the Polish and Portuguese language that is to indicate common and distinguishing features between two above mentioned systems. Therefore firstly it shall be considered how both systems are functioning, secondly the most fundamental criteria of such comparison shall be established. Finally an analysis of temporal values of the particular verbal forms shall be conducted. Furthermore the purpose of this study is to compare means of expression of the temporal category in Polish with means of expression of the temporal category in Portuguese. As a result the study indicated that the temporal category together with category of aspect form interconnected grammatical categories which meet on the functional basis. While in Portuguese time and aspect are expressed by morphemes cumulating both functions, Polish has different means of expression of each of these categories. The study enabled to formulate conclusions regarding similarities and differences between both systems as well as to indicate specific features which emphasize uniqueness of each analyzed system.
PL
Celem pracy jest porównanie systemu temporalnego języka portugalskiego i języka polskiego, czyli wskazanie na te cechy, które łączą i które dzielą oba systemy. Aby osiągnąć postawiony cel, należało najpierw zastanowić się nad funkcjonowaniem każdego z badanych systemów, wyznaczyć najistotniejsze kryteria tego porównania, by w końcu dokonać analizy wartości temporalnych poszczególnych form werbalnych. Prezentowana praca stanowi również próbę porównania środków wyrazu kategorii czasu w języku portugalskim ze środkami, jakimi dysponuje w tym zakresie język polski. Nasze rozważania wykazały, że kategoria czasu wraz z kategorią aspektu tworzy kompleks ściśle ze sobą związanych kategorii gramatycznych, przenikających się na płaszczyźnie funkcjonalnej. Podczas gdy w języku portugalskim czas i aspekt wyrażany jest morfemami kumulującymi obie funkcje, język polski dysponuje odmiennymi środkami wyrazu każdej z obu kategorii. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na sformułowanie wniosków dotyczących podobieństw i różnic między obu systemami, a także na wskazanie cech stanowiących o oryginalności każdego z analizowanych systemów.
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