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EN
Morale is one of the most frequently recurring concepts in the media covering events from the country and the world. It is used by journalists and experts representing the scientific and military communities. The concept is also used by ordinary people commenting on the attitudes and achievements of various individuals and social entities, especially in situations of particular threats to human life and health. Since the term morale is used in different contexts and meanings, many different ways of understanding it can be noted. It can also be seen that approaches to the phenomenon of morale differ in time – interest in it decreases during peace and social stability and increases during conflicts, revolutions, or wars. For example, in the post-Cold War decade of the 1990s, known as the “end of history” or the “peace dividend” period, there was little scientific work on morale. But earlier, during the “Cold War”, such publications were numerously created in the West. From the emerging interest in the concept of morale in modern times, it appears that it is still valid and important.
PL
System prewencyjny, który przez samego św. Jana Bosko nie został nazwany teorią, koncepcją, ale właśnie systemem, powstał jako odpowiedź na potrzeby wychowawcze związane z konkretnym środowiskiem XIX wieku we Włoszech. Służył wychowywaniu pokoleń młodzieży w niepowtarzalnym stylu opartym na rozumie, religii, dialogu, miłości wychowawczej. W 200-lecie urodzin ks. Jana Bosko można stwierdzić, że zasady jego pedagogiki powiązane są nie tylko z przeszłością. Oryginalne wartości tkwiące w systemie prewencyjnym wymagają pogłębienia, przystosowania oraz umiejętnej i odważnej odnowy ze względu na zmieniony kontekst społeczny, wychowawczy i duszpasterski.
EN
The preventive system, which was not specified as a theory or concept by John Bosco himself, but precisely as a „system”, was created as a response to the educational needs related to the specific environment of 19th century Italy. He raised generations of youth in his unique style based on reason, religion, dialogue, and educational love. With the 200th anniversary of the birth of John Bosco, we can say that his pedagogical rules are not only linked with the past. The original values inherent in his preventive system need deepening, adaptation, and skilful and courageous renewal because of the changed social, educational, and pastoral context.
RU
В настоящее время чрезвычайно актуальна проблема влияния социальной идентичности на поведение индивида. Основой социального взаимодействия, одним из наиболее важных аспектов человеческого существования, является вопрос самоопределения, самоидентификации. Данная статья посвящена анализу влияния подвига новомучеников и исповедников на формирования личной социальной идентичности молодежи в современном информационном обществе. В ней также описывается развитие таких понятий, как личная и социальная идентичность.
EN
The problem of the influence of social identity on the individual's behavior today is extremely urgent. One of the most important aspects of human existence is a question of self-determination, self-identification that is the basis of social interaction. This article is devoted to analyze of the influence of feat of martyrs and confessors on the forming of personal social identity of young people in the modern informational society. It also describes the development of concepts such as identity and social identity.
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