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PL
The article is an attempt to look at Jesus’ prayer as a common spiritual heritage of all Christians, including the Polish and the Ukrainian, and at the same time a synthesis of the current thoughts on this prayer tradition, which is one of the oldest forms of Christian contemplative prayer. It originates from the Holy Scriptures and meditations of the Word of God, it was practiced and developed by the Desert Fathers, Fathers of the Church, monks, clergy and laity, above all in the Churches of the Christian East. Today, the most widespread is in the Orthodox and Greek Catholic Church, but for many years has been experiencing a kind of revival in the Catholic Church. The article presents the teaching of the Church, its saints and contemporary spiritual masters on this subject.
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EN
The article presents the problem of Jesus’ prayer both from the theoretical and practical side. It consists of several parts: an explanation of the concept and validity of this type of prayer, a brief presentation of its history, the transformation of structure, main elements, stages, practice and me- aning for spiritual life. The elaboration of the topic was made through analysis and then the synthe- sis of selected documents of the Church and publications on the Name of Jesus and the prayer with that Name. It was stated, inter alia, that Jesus’ prayer is a Trinitarian confession of faith, expresses the love for Christ, enables the activities of the Holy Spirit; brings inner peace, joy, warmth, li- ghtness. Jesus’ Prayer eases self-control, enlightens, permits a person to penetrate into the depths of God’s mysteries, reveals the meaning of Sacred Scripture, causes the person who is praying to consciously stay in God’s presence and to open himself to the saving presence and saving action of the Resurrected Christ. The awareness of God’s presence is in itself motivating to live for Christ.
EN
This article is an attempt to analyse the Orthodox monastic tradition of contemplative (hesychastic) prayer, the goal of which was to achieve an ecstatic unification with God and the divinisation (theosis) of human nature. Until the 11th century the practice of this kind of prayer was passed on orally, preserving the spiritual father-disciple relation. However, some of its elements can be found in the writings of some of the Fathers of the Church – e.g. Athanasius of Alexandria, the Cappadocian Fathers – Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Nazianzus – as well as in the works of Evagrius of Pontus and John Climacus. The continuation of this tradition includes the works of the leading Byzantine theologist of the 11th century St Symeon the New Theologian (949-1022). However, it was not until the 14th century, as a result of the dispute caused by the statements of the Byzantine monk Barlaam of Calabria, that there was a systematic approach to hesychasm in Byzantine writings. In response, St Gregory Palamas (1296-1359), based on the book of the fathers of the Church, systematically described the doctrine of hesychasm in three treatises (triads) entitled In Defence of the Holy Hesychasts, and written in the years 1338-1341. This doctrine, sometimes known as palamism after St Gregory Palamas, was recognised as an authentic expression of Orthodox faith at the council in Constantinople in 1351. The article analyses the most important elements of the hesychastic method and descriptions of the visions experienced during the practice of it.
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