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EN
Monk and historian Ekkehard IV from Sankt Gallen, who wrote in 11th century large and interesting chronicle of this place, described in his text in detail invasion of Hungarians from 926. they had occupied and devastated the abbey. the source of knowledge was for Ekkehard oral tradition of his monastery, maintained by “fathers”. deeds of intruders are depicted allegedly on the base of the account delivered by Heribald, one simple-hearted monk of Sankt Gallen, who did not escape from the abbey in the time of invasion and who survived. Ekkehard’s tale is quite often considered as fully reliable report, as far as customs and habits of Hungarians from 10th century are concerned. Nevertheless, the whole story fulfils in the structure of the chronicle some important functions, which deserve particular attention. from the point of view of its author it allows to show the values, which are especially important for monastic profession. thus particularly important remains here the radical opposition between Hungarian “hordes” and community of monks. Lack of discipline, drunkenness and ferocity of barbarians are contrasted with exemplary discipline and restraint of the latter. additionally above mentioned depiction of warriors actions and their behaviour seems to be strongly influenced by all that deeply rooted in the early medieval Latin historiography stereotypical images of barbarians invading Europe from east and north (including for example motifs of their diet). the role of Heribald in the tale is characteristic as well. He is a kind of comical hero, who simultaneously successfully plays the role of the peculiar medium between two fully opposite worlds. the laughter is here a weapon, that helps at least on the level of the tale to win over bare physical force of the barbarians.
EN
The aim of the presented article is to analyse the image of an ideal ruler, presented in the Latin chronicle of the regular canons in Żagań (ca. 1398). The author of this chronicle — Ludolf of Żagań — uses Charles IV. Luxembourg as a model. The chronicle is a unique example of the 14th century Silesian historiography. The article deals with why the writer of the chronicle focused on Charles, and that’s why it compares Ludolf ʼs chronicle with the Prague chronicles of the 14th century.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje zagadnienia o charakterze duszpasterskim oraz opis obyczajów i obrzędów religijnych w zakonie kanoników regularnych laterańskich kongregacji Bożego Ciała na podkrakowskim Kazimierzu, a także dotyczących życia siedemnastowiecznego społeczeństwa. Stefan Ranatowicz (1617–1694) był zakonnikiem ze zgromadzenia kanoników regularnych i kronikarzem tejże kongregacji. Opisy zamieszczonych w tekście wydarzeń są barwne i obfitują w liczne szczegóły, nieomawiane w innych źródłach, stanowiąc cenny materiał do dalszych badań nad historią i kulturą siedemnastowiecznego Krakowa i Kazimierza. The article deals with pastoral issues and presents customs and religious ceremonies in the Corpus Christi Monastery of the Order of Canons Regular of the Lateran at Kazimierz near Cracow, at the same time paintings the image of life of the seventeenth-century society. Stefan Ranatowicz (1617–1694) was a seventeenth-century canon and chronicler of his congregation. Descriptions of events presented in the text are vivid and rich in details – and since they are not discussed in other sources, they make a valuable material for further studies into the history and culture of seventeenth-century Cracow and Kazimierz.
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