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1

Self-Cultivation According to Immanuel Kant

100%

Böhme G.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2018

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issue 4

95-108

EN

The author reflects on the anthropological role of the “self-cultivation” category in the philosophical system of Immanuel Kant, for whom self-cultivation stood as the central idea of the Enlightenment. Kant believed that it was man alone who created himself to a rational being, that his rationality was not a granted good but something he had to mature to by way of multiple disciplinary (the reduction of animality in the humanum sphere), civilizing and moralizing (the latter patroned by the Kantian categorical imperative) measures. An interesting avenue in Gernot Böhme’s approach is his assumption that this conceptual perspective applied to all three Kantian Critiques, e.g., that Critique of Pure Reason propounds the disciplining of human cognition under the banner of subordinating the sphere of intuition (Anschauung) to the categories of intellect (Verstand). These categories are not inborn in the human mind, but are built by the willful disciplining of the perceptual elements of cognition anchored in the animal fundaments of the humanum. Towards the close of his essay Böhme attempts a critique of Kant’s philosophy, accusing it of reductionism and depreciating many anthropological powers.

2

Alexander Pruss on Love and the Meaningfulness of Sex

84%

Hamilton C.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2015

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vol. 63

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issue 3

55-74

PL

W niniejszej pracy podejmuję zagadnienie miłości i seksualnego pożądania w ujęciu Alexandra Prussa. W moim przekonaniu Autor nie dostarcza przekonującego wyjaśnienia żadnego z tych pojęć. Jedną z racji jest pominięcie przez niego wielu kluczowych prac z zakresu filozofii i sztuki. Ponadto uważam, że proponowane przez Prussa rozumienie miłości i stosunku płciowego jest nazbyt moralizatorskie, co sprawia, że jego rozważania nie uwzględniają faktycznego ludzkiego doświadczenia tych spraw, a nawet je zafałszowują. Dowodzę również, że teleologia, do której odwołuje się Pruss, uzasadniając twierdzenie, że celem stosunku płciowego jest rozrodczość, nie jest wiarygodna, a nawet gdyby było przeciwnie, to z takiej teleologii nie można by wyprowadzić wniosków moralnych, które chce z niej wywieść Pruss.

EN

In this essay I explore Alexander Pruss’ conceptions of love and sexual desire. I argue that he fails to provide a convincing account of either and that one reason for this is that he ignores far too much relevant material in philosophy and the arts that needs to be taken into account in a thorough investigation of such matters. I argue further that Pruss’ understanding of love and sex is highly moralized, meaning that his discussion is not at all sensitive to the actual human experience of these, but consistently falsifies them. I also argue that the teleology to which Pruss appeals in order to ground his claim that, in the sexual act, the bodies of the lovers are striving for reproduction, is implausible and, further, that, even were it not, we could not infer from such teleology the moral conclusions that Pruss wishes to extract from it.a.

3

Staropolskie zbiory wskazówek obywatelskich. Wybrane zagadnienia

84%

Orman E.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

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2012

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issue 2

EN

It was typical of people living at the time of burgeoning democracy to ask how to live and act in order to gain respect among fellow citizens. Different authors across Europe were trying to respond to those questions. So were those from the First Polish Republic. Some Polish authors worked on translations of Western works (e.g. Łukasz Górnicki). Others followed the convention of writing texts in Latin (e.g. Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro). Still others, like Mikołaj Rej, preferred simplicity of content. Form and individual elements of the collection of warnings and instructions varied. However, they were always aimed at the reader who was willing to play a part in society and politics.

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1 Dialogue and Universalism

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Self-Cultivation According to Immanuel Kant

Alexander Pruss on Love and the Meaningfulness of Sex

Staropolskie zbiory wskazówek obywatelskich. Wybrane zagadnienia