Search results

1

The Analysis of Mortality Changes in Selected European Countries in The Period 1960-2006

100%

Denkowska S., Papież M.

Statistics in Transition new series

|

2010

|

vol. 11

|

issue 3

136-157

EN

Demographic changes which took place in the 20th century clearly reveal progressive ageing of whole societies. This phenomenon influences the risk connected with calculating the products of insurance companies and pension funds, where calculated mortality is one of the most important factors. The paper presents the analysis of mortality changes in male and female populations in selected countries from Central Europe (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) and from Western Europe (France, Italy, Spain and Sweden) in the period 1960-2006. The analysis of the mortality changes has been carried out with the use of variables proposed in 2007 by J. P. Morgan in his work Life Metrics - A toolkit for measuring and managing longevity and mortality risks. The data used for the analysis have been obtained from www.mortality.org. The van Broekhoven algorithm has been applied for smoothing crude mortality rates across different ages. The analysis of mortality changes in selected European countries in the period 1960-2006 has shown considerable differences in the changes of initial mortality rate. Apart from obvious differences in male and female mortality, significant differences in the dynamics of mortality between Western and Central European countries were revealed. The most significant differences in the change of graduated initial mortality rate have been observed for people above 40-45 from Central and Western European countries. The period of most striking disproportions in the change of graduated initial mortality rate were the years 1970-1990, which seems to be the result of the socioeconomic policy in Central European countries.

2

An epidemiological study of adult female burns patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital

80%

Shrivastava P., Shrivastava S.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2012

|

vol. 2

|

issue 2

21-28

EN

Purpose: Burn injuries usually results in significant morbidity and mortality around the globe. The study was planned to throw light on exact nature of the incident of burn injury and to gain an insight into epidemiological determinants of burns patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over a period of one year from May 2009 to April 2010. Universal sampling method was employed. All adult female burns patients above 18 years of age who were admitted in burns unit of a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. The patients or legally accepted guardians, in case of serious patients, who did not give consent were excluded from the study. Total number of study participants was 103. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used for obtaining socio-demographic details and details about burns injury. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-17 version. Institutional Ethics committee approval (Committee for Academic Research Ethics (approval number): 037 / 2009) was obtained. Results: Flame burn was the most common cause of burns accounting for 80.6% of the total burns. Scald burn was seen in 17(16.5%) subjects and electric burn in only 3(2.9%) subjects. Overall case fatality rate was found to be 35%. Conclusion: Total body surface area burnt was found to be significantly associated with mode of burns, marital status, kitchen burns while mortality among burns victims was found to be significantly associated with duration of marriage, mode of burns, total body surface area involved, dowry given and presence of domestic violence

3

Analysis of cribra orbitalia in the earliest inhabitants of medieval Vilnius

80%

Jatautis Š., Mitokaitė I., Jankauskas R.

Anthropological Review

|

2011

|

vol. 74

|

issue 1

57-68

EN

The purpose of this work is to present an analysis of cribra orbitalia (CO) from the population of a medieval cemetery in Vilnius, Lithuania, dated between the end of the 13th to the beginning of the 15th centuries. The sample consisted of 208 individuals with sufficiently preserved orbits: 82 subadults and 122 adults. CO was correlated with sex, age-at-death, and three skeletal indicators of biological health: linear enamel hypoplasia, periostitis, and adult femur length as a proxy value for stature. Siler's and Gompertz-Makeham's parametric models of mortality as well as χ2 statistics were used to evaluate these relationships. Almost one-third of all analyzed individuals had signs of CO, including approximately 60% of the subadults. There was a very strong relationship between the age-at-death and incidence of CO, i.e., individuals with the lesion were dying much younger. The frequency of CO among the sexes was not statistically significant. On the other hand, CO had a negative effect only on adult males, i.e., males who had the lesion died at a younger age. Furthermore, CO and linear enamel hypoplasia were positively related for subadults, whereas no significant relationships were found among adults of corresponding sex. Incidence of periostitis and adult stature were not related to CO.

PL

Celem tej pracy była analizacribra orbitalia(CO) w populacji ze średniowiecznego Wilna (Litwa), zbadanej na podstawie próby szkieletów z cmentarzyska datowanego od końca XIII do początków XV wieku. Podstawowe charakterystyki paleodemograficzne tej próby (208 osobników, w tym 82 młodocianych) zawiera tabela 1. Zbadano korelację CO z płcią, wiekiem w chwili śmierci i trzema kostnymi wyznacznikami zdrowia - hipoplazją szkliwa zębowego (LEH), śladami zapalenia okostnej i wysokością ciała (dorosłych). Do oceny zależności wykorzystano parametryczne modele umieralności Silera i Gompertz-Makehama oraz statystykę χ2.Prawie 1/3 badanych osobników (32%)wykazywała CO, w tym 60% osobników młodocianych (zmarłych przed 15 rokiem życia). Ponadto analiza wykazała wysoką zależność między tą cechą a wiekiem w chwili śmierci - osoby ze śladami CO umierały znacznie młodziej (Fig. 1, 2). Może to sugerować, ze ważnym czynnikiem podnoszącym ryzyko zgonu wśród osobników młodocianych była anemia. Co więcej, jeśli nie są to ślady remodelowania, mogą one sugerować, że stresujące wydarzenia z dzieciństwa wpłynęły także pośrednio lub bezpośrednio na przeżywalność osób dorosłych. Choć u dorosłych kobiet CO występowały nieco częściej niż u mężczyzn, różnica nie była istotna. Z drugiej strony, CO miały negatywny wpływ tylko na dorosłych mężczyzn (umierali oni młodziej). Być może kobiety miały więc sprawniejszy układ odpornościowy. Innym wyjaśnieniem mogłaby być śmierć bardziej wrażliwych na ten czynnik dziewcząt w wieku młodocianym. CO pozytywnie korelowały z LEH u młodocianych, podczas gdy istotnych korelacji u dorosłych nie stwierdzono (tab. 2). Można sądzić, że młodociane i słabe osobniki z cechą CO, z większym prawdopodobieństwem miały LEH. Tak więc interakcje obu czynników sygnalizowanych obecnością cech CO i LEH mogły być odpowiedzialne za skracanie życia młodych osobników.Periostitisi wysokość ciała w badanej próbie nie wykazywały związku z CO (tab. 2).

4

Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005

80%

Górecka S.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

|

2008

|

vol. 9

|

issue 9

79-96

EN

Political and socioeconomic transformation has significantly influenced demographic processes in Central and East Europe. This was mainly noticeable in behaviours and attitudes concerning forming and developing of families. With regard to the aforementioned behaviours, the populations of analysed countries have adopted to new conditions very quickly, and the demographic parameters have reached values that were almost identical as those in West Europe. The situation developed completely differently in the case of mortality and life expectancy. Differences between Central and East Europe, and West European countries, which were already visible at the beginning of 1990's, have been eliminated considerably slower. Even though, one can observe favourable transformations in life expectancy and the distribution of death causes in the Central and Eastern European countries. Those changes are especially apparent in countries which became members of the European Union in 2004.

5

Modeling and projection life expectancy. The case of the EU countries

80%

Trzpiot G., Majewska J.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2015

|

issue 4 (50)

196-213

EN

In this article we investigate the latest developments on life expectancy modeling. We review some mortality projection stochastic models and their assumptions, and assess their impact on projections of future life expectancy for selected countries in the EU. More specifically, using the age- and sex-specific data of 20 countries, we compare the point projection accuracy and bias of six principal component methods for the projection of mortality rates and life expectancy. The six methods are variants and extensions of the Lee-Carter method. Based on one-step projection errors, the Renshaw and Haberman method provides the most accurate point projections of male mortality rates and the method is the least biased. The Quadratic CBD model with the cohort effects method performs the best for female mortality. While all methods rather underestimate variability in mortality rates and life expectancy, the Renshaw and Haberman method is the most accurate.

6

End of life in Europe: an empirical analysis

80%

Nicińska A., Kalbarczyk-Stęclik M.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2013

|

issue 1(39)

184-197

EN

The goal of this study is to find covariates impacting most profoundly on the risk of death. Individuals aged 50 and more, observed in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, are examined. The data include 1,692 deceased individuals who took part in up to 3 waves of data collection. Our results, relying on the proportional hazard model, show that the impact of health and demographic factors on the risk of death is more pronounced than that of social factors. It is found that economic factors are statistically insignificant for the risk of death, checking other factors in the model.

7

Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz. The theory of population and moral statistics according to W. Lexis

80%

Sheynin O.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

|

2019

|

issue 17 (23)

85-110

XX

W. Lexis founded the continental direction of statistics which the Biometric school largely ignored. Bortkiewicz described his work but mostly without providing exact references. He criticized Lexis for paying too much attention to philosophical problems but mentioned Lexis’ merits: a test for the stability of statistical series (only much later rejected by Chuprov), the study of mortality and sex ratio at birth; the application of the law of large numbers. Lexis, as Bortkiewicz concluded, essentially contributed to the general theory of statistics.

8

Effect of the prognostic nutritional index and systemic immuneinflammatory index in predicting short-term mortality in geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

80%

Özkan A., Muzaffer İslam M., Şeyma Akça H., Emre Eroğlu S., Aksel G.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2022

|

issue 4

399-403

EN

Introduction and aim. We aimed to investigate whether systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were associated with short-term mortality in geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2.Material and methods. Our study was designed retrospectively. The data of patients that presented to a single center. The primary outcome of the study was the diagnostic value of SII and PNI in predicting 28-day mortality in geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Results. 272 geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 included. The median PNI was 42.5, and the median SII was 687.6 (430–1404.2). In univariant analysis, PNI and SII has a significant relationship with mortality (p<0.001 and p=0.008, Mann-Whitney U test). PNI had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.680, which was significantly higher than that of SII (AUC: 0.6). The odds ratio of PNI (>40.1) and SII (<1.267) for 30-day mortality were determined as 1.12 , and 1. Conclusion. In conclusion, the blood tests used to calculate PNI and SII are routinely included in complete blood count and biochemistry tests that can be performed in every hospital. According to the results of the current study, the mortality group had significantly higher SII values and significantly lower.

9

Predictive value of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio in estimating in-hospital mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

80%

Kurt E., Eke Kurt S. Z.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2022

|

issue 3

342-347

EN

Introduction and aim. The aim of this study was to examine the usability of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio (BAR) as a prognostic predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Material and methods. The electronic medical records of the patients who applied to the emergency department due to upper GI bleeding during the study period were reviewed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate each discriminant cut-off value to estimate mortality. Results. The study included 225 patients. The median (IQR) age of the patients was 75.0 (68.0–84.0) and 94 (41.8%) were female. AUC was determined as 0.784±0.055 (95% CI, 0.677–0.892) for BAR (p<0.001) in terms of in-hospital mortality. The cut-off value of BAR for this outcome was calculated as 16.26. In this cut-off value, sensitivity was 71.43%, specificity 82.84%, positive predictive value (PPV) 30.00% and negative predictive value (NPV) 96.57%. Conclusion. BAR is a useful tool that can be used to predict the in-hospital mortality of patients with GI bleeding. Patients with GI bleeding with a BAR above 16.26 will require more aggressive and timely intervention.

70%

Ethem Unal E., Abdullah Yıldız A., Sema Yuksekdag S., Aysun Fırat A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2019

|

issue 4

347-350

EN

Introduction. Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a curative or palliative radical surgical procedure applied for advanced or recurrent pelvic or perineal cancers. From 1948 to date, improvements in surgical techniques, including urinary conduits and pelvic reconstruction, have improved its morbidity and mortality. Aim. The present study reviews the evolution of PE, indications, complications and current results. Material and methods. Large case series and studies on PE were searched in PubMed, covering all years available, and recent applications of PE were reviewed. Results. Indications of PE are primary or locally advanced tumors (cervix. rectum. vulva. bladder), recurrence after radiotherapy (cervix), recurrence after primary resection (vulva, vagina, cervix, rectum) and palliative treatment for advanced tumors or pubic fistulas. Contraindication are distant metastases, involvement of iliac vessels, pelvic side-wall or para-aortic lymph nodes and invasion of sacrum proximal to S1/S2 or sciatic foramen. However, recent studies have reported more radical resections, including side-wall and vessels. Patient’s health condition and fitness are also important in decision-making. Conclusion. PE can be the last chance of cure or improving quality of life for advanced or locally recurrent pelvic cancers. 5-year survival rates with PE are better, but complications of such a radical surgery are still high, and should be improved.

14

The role of the hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index in acute cholecystitis

70%

Özdemir S., Altunok İ., Özkan A., Muzaffer İslam M., Algın A., Emre Eroğlu S., Aksel G.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2022

|

issue 3

330-335

EN

Introduction and aim. Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common hepatobiliary emergencies. We aimed to investigate the role of the initial hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index in predicting short-term mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis. Material and methods. This study with a retrospective observational design was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients admitted to our clinic between June 15, 2021, and March 15, 2022, according to the Tokyo criteria were included in the sample. The hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index were calculated using the hematological test results of the patients evaluated at the emergency department. Survivor and non-survivor groups were formed according to all-cause 30-day mortality. The differences between survivor and non-survivor groups were investigated. Results. A total of 194 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age of the study population was 59 (25th–75th percentiles: 46.75–72) years. The rate of all cause-short-term mortality was 7.7. There were significant differences between the survivor and non-survivor groups in terms of the neutrophil count and the systemic immuno-inflammation index (p=0.007, 0.034, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test). No significant difference was found in the remaining laboratory parameters (lymphocyte count, platelet count, and hematological inflammatory index) (p=0.220, 0.489, 0.367 respectively; Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusion. The systemic immuno-inflammation index was determined to be significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group among the patients with acute cholecystitis. However, there was no significant difference between these two groups in relation to the hematological inflammatory index

61%

Dragic N., Bijelovic S., Jevtic M., Velicki R., Radic I.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2021

|

vol. 34

|

issue 2

223-237

EN

ObjectivesThe objective of this research is to determine the change in outdoor air quality during the COVID‑19 related state of emergency resulting in a lockdown and the potential health benefits for the urban population.Material and MethodsDuring 53 days of the COVID‑19 related state of emergency with a lockdown (March 15–May 6, 2020) in the Republic of Serbia, as well as in the corresponding periods of 2018 and 2019, data on the daily sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground-level ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations were analyzed. The total mortality data were analyzed to estimate the impact of the COVID‑19 related lockdown measures on the burden of health in a given population, attributed to the outdoor air quality in the City of Novi Sad, using AirQ+ software.ResultsThe average daily concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, PM10 and SO2 were reduced by 35%, 34%, 23% and 18%, respectively. In contrast, the average daily concentration of O3 increased by 8%, even if the primary precursors were reducing, thus representing a challenge for air quality management. In the City of Novi Sad, a reduction in the average daily PM2.5 concentration of 11.23 μg/m³ was significant, which resulted in a quantified number of avoided deaths.ConclusionsAir pollution in the City of Novi Sad had a chance to be improved due to some preventive measures related to the infectious disease (the COVID‑19 related lockdown), which in turn was the mitigation measure to air pollution with positive public health effects. The confirmed positive effects of the improved air quality on public health could also include raising collective resistance to mass non-communicable and infectious diseases such as COVID‑19 and reducing economic costs.

Refine search results

The Analysis of Mortality Changes in Selected European Countries in The Period 1960-2006

An epidemiological study of adult female burns patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital

Analysis of cribra orbitalia in the earliest inhabitants of medieval Vilnius

Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005

Modeling and projection life expectancy. The case of the EU countries

End of life in Europe: an empirical analysis

Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz. The theory of population and moral statistics according to W. Lexis

Effect of the prognostic nutritional index and systemic immuneinflammatory index in predicting short-term mortality in geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Predictive value of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio in estimating in-hospital mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Poison and Remedy. Some Notes on the Perils and Potentials of the Digital Media

Russia and the world: demographic aspects of development

Mortality as a Philosophical-Anthropological Issue: Thanatology, Normativity, and "Human Nature"

Pelvic Exenteration: An Updated Mini-Review from 1948 to 2020

The role of the hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index in acute cholecystitis

Nonthyroidal illness syndrome as independent predictor of hospital mortality in the elderly hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia – single-center observation

Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of Cancer Incidence in Slovakia

On the doorstep to senility: physical changes, health status and well-being in midlife

Height loss with advancing age in a hospitalized population of Polish men and women: magnitude, pattern and associations with mortality

Automatyczne mechanizmy dostosowywania wieku uzyskania uprawnień emerytalnych i wysokości świadczenia do przemian umieralności

Short-term health effects of air quality changes during the COVID‑19 pandemic in the City of Novi Sad, the Republic of Serbia