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EN
Review The monograph Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza is a result of an innovative, holistic approach in lexicography. The authors are not interested in separate languages, but in a specified linguistic area as a whole. The contact of Polish, Lithuanian and Eastern-Slavonic dialects in North East Poland lasts several centuries and it is impossible to set the borders between these codes. Thus, the holistic approach is the best theoretical solution in question. Recenzja Opracowanie Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza jest efektem nowatorskiego, kompleksowego podejścia badawczego w leksykografii. Przedmiotem badań nie są poszczególne systemy językowe, lecz pewien obszar językowy jako całość. Wielowiekowy kontakt gwar polskich, wschodniosłowiańskich i litewskich na terenach północno-wschodniej Polski uniemożliwia jednoznaczne określenie ich granic, w związku z czym ujęcie holistyczne jest ze wszech miar uzasadnione.
EN
The monograph Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza is a result of an innovative, holistic approach in lexicography. The authors are not interested in separate languages, but in a specified linguistic area as a whole. The contact of Polish, Lithuanian and Eastern-Slavonic dialects in North East Poland lasts several centuries and it is impossible to set the borders between these codes. Thus, the holistic approach is the best theoretical solution in question.
PL
Opracowanie Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza jest efektem nowatorskiego, kompleksowego podejścia badawczego w leksykografii. Przedmiotem badań nie są poszczególne systemy językowe, lecz pewien obszar językowy jako całość. Wielowiekowy kontakt gwar polskich, wschodniosłowiańskich i litewskich na terenach północno-wschodniej Polski uniemożliwia jednoznaczne określenie ich granic, w związku z czym ujęcie holistyczne jest ze wszech miar uzasadnione.
EN
The purpose of this study (based on the analysis and discussion of cases of erroneous use of words monografia / monograph, autentykacja/authentication, kolaboracja/collaboration, pamflet/pamphlet, stary druk/alter Druck, Frühdruck/old print, old book) was to outline the problem of term equivalence resulting from unintentional linguistic interference (loanwords, tautonymy, anisomorphy, calques) in the communication of various members of the scientific community (authors, translators, editors and proofreaders). Multilingual dictionaries, noting only the equivalents without indicating their meaning or examples of their use, not only do not protect against committing such errors, but can also be their source. The study resulted in a concept of a multilingual encyclopaedic dictionary, which, by preventing the incorrect equivalence of terms in the field of document types, will help in formulating correct oral and written presentations, descriptions of documents used in information resources, their correct translation and building search tools on their basis – in particular, bibliographic databases and digital libraries, where they are used as a search or selection criteria for materials.
EN
The aim of the present article is to provide an overview on selected macrostructural and microstructural choices made by the authors of multilingual LSP dictionaries. Particular attention is devoted to the headwords and the arrangement and content of dictionary entries. The above-mentioned questions are discussed based on several multilingual LSP dictionaries which have been published in Poland in 1991– 2012.
EN
In 1743-1745 in Warsaw Piarists printing house was published an extremely useful work bearing two titles: Nouveau grand dictionnaire de M. l’Abbé Danet, françois, latin et polonois, enrichi des meilleures façons de parler, avec des notes de critique et de grammaire sur ces trois langues [...] imprimé = Nowy wielki dykcjonarz JMci X. Daneta, opata, francuski, łaciński i polski, obfitujący w najlepsze sposoby mówienia, z obserwacjami krytyki i gramatyki w każdym z tych trzech języków [...] wydany (The new great dictionary of Priest Danet, the abbot, French, Latin, and Polish, abounding with the best ways of speaking, with the observations of criticism and grammar in each of these three languages [...] released). An extensive lexicon (two volumes, with more than a thousand pages in folio format, containing about 50 thousand main and secondary terms) was clearly the most important compendium of linguistic knowledge of the Pole aspiring to the upper speheres of nobility in the age of enlightenment – magnates. Many times it became a later subject of interest to philologists, as it collects a very comprehensive lexical material for research. However, the superficial knowledge about the circumstances of the Warsaw edition emerging caused that very often a hasty general conclusions were drawn, regarding its lexical innovation of the author of Polish supplementation or the real intentions of publishing of this important work. In the archive of Piarists priests in Cracow one can find the contract signed on 18th July 1741 for printing the Polish version of the Danet dictionary, which reveals how the editorial works were conducted, and unambigously resolves all, appearing in the current literature on the subject, dillemmas. The author of the original work was the French cleric specializing in lexicography – Pierre Danet (1640-1709), the abbot of Regular Canons in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pré in Verdun. The initiator of the Polonization and release of the dictionary, and in the same time the potent incurring the expenses was the wife of the entailer, Antonina Zamoyska Zahorowska († 1747). The complementation of the French work with a third, native language was performed –at her order– by Piarist Dymitr Franciszek Kola (1699-1766), cultivating literary creation, original and translatorical, holding at that time the position of the rector of Warsaw Collegium Regium. In the light of the preserved agreement, the role of Zamoyska turns out to be crucial, she has even indicated the particular version of the Danet dictionary on which Kola should rely – Amsterdam edition from 1710. The contract specified various details concerning the planned work. It was to be printed on ”the dressed paper” with appropriate ”measure of the margins”, ”for each column eigthy lines counting”, and then –to avoid any doubts– it was added ”as the trial issued from the printing house indicates”. It was not precised in the contract, what is usually its inalienable element – the time needed for completion. There is only a general statement that it should be finalized ”as soon as possible”; most likely due to the difficulty in estimating the time of completing the dictionary with the Polish language. The dates of the agreement and printing of both volumes are making a clear, regular cycle – 1741 – 1743 – 1745, demonstrating that preparing one volume of the dictionary lasted two years. The rate for this range of plans was impressive. The contract, however, very precisely specified the print run of the dictionary. It was not very small – it contained 1000 copies for sale (additionally, there were copies not for sale: six copies for Zamoyska and 20 copies for Piarists’ libraries). Therefore, it was estimated bravely, as the scientific books at the beginning of Polish Enlightenment gained editions counting 300 copies and only at the end they started to reach such number. The agreement described also specific amounts of money and indicated dates, in which they should be paid. The total expenditure incurred by Zamoyska amounted 15,200 zlotys, including the 1,200 zlotys fee for Kola for completing the polonization of the work, and the rest of the given sum, which were costs of the paper and printing. In ”Kurier Polski” (”Polish Courier”) the ads informing about the issuing of French-Latin-Polish dictionary of Danet and possibility of purchasing it appeared twice. There were given the prices for two volumes –first cost 18 zlotys, and the second one– 20 zlotys (for unframed volumes). The distribution, however, was not given to Piarists, but to the competing against them the Order of Jesuits, with whom Zamoyska also maintained close relations. The sale was led by Jesuits in their residence, governed by the superior Michał Obrębski, on Senatorska street in Warsaw. Knowing the amount assigned for issuing the Danet dictionary, the cost of individual volume can be calculated – 15 zlotys and 6 gr. Knowing the amount of each of the volumes it can be estimated that after selling the entire run, the total revenue received was 7,600 zlotys (although there should be deducted a commission, which the Jesuits most likely took for their distribution services). It must therefore be concluded that Zamoyska regained her financial contribution, and even earned on the assigning founds for the dictionary edition, although it was not a quick profit. The preserved contract dispels doubts raised by the current researchers. It clearly indicates the people directly involved in the Polish edition of the French work. It is certain that the initiator of the project, and the founder as well, was Antonina Zahorowska Zamoyska. It is also certain that the author of the Polish supplement was the Piarist Dymitr Franciszek Kola. On the other hand, it is completely unjustified to draw too far-reaching conclusions about the modernity of Kola as the lexicographer, basing on the selection of the Danet dictionary, because it was not his choice – he only fulfilled the will of the mighty protector. And the last issue, repeated in different ways by philologists – a deep conviction, that printed by Piarists dictionary was intended for use in their schools. This statement is completely wrong, because it was never mentioned among the list of books recommended for youth education. The presence of the book in the Piarists libraries also cannot confirm that fact, since the students did not have the access to them. In fact, it was all about the ”public benefit”, and the polonized edition of the Danet dictionary was prepared primarily for the circle of wealthy consumers in the Republic, for which French language was the first and foremost.
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