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Nowe znalezisko gromadne krzemiennych narzędzi wiórowych na stanowisku l C w Gródku nad Bugiem

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Libera J.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

2003

vol. LVI

issue 56

37-44

Multiple flint finds, frequently referred to as deposits or hoards, are discovered at different locations and culture context, inside prehistoric settlements as well as in areas lacking traces of human occupation, frequently, on the margin of existing and fossil lakes or streams. During the 2001 rescue excavation of the multicomponent site 1C at Gródek, distr. Hrubieszów, woj. lubelskie, a culture layer (at the depth of about 40 cm) surrounded by debris of daub, produced another multiple find (Table 1). The set included four blade tools – two end-scrapers and two retouched blades, jointly weighing 100 g, made from macrolithic blades struck from single platform subconical cores using the pressure technique (Fig. 1–4). The raw material, Świeciechów flint, and the morpho-metric attributes of the artefacts find a range of analogies among the rich assortment of specimens associated with the Little Poland industry of the Funnel Beaker Culture (B. Balcer 1975). All the finely preserved pieces in the deposit exhibit traces of use-wear, manifested as intensive gloss (sheen) of the many scar faces. Retouch was reapplied to the working edges, but the nature of this treatment is difficult to determine. It may either represent rejuvenation retouch of used up and dulled edges or a substantial reworking of blades or earlier tools of undetermined function, changing diametrically their original (at present hard to determine) morphology. Multiple finds (Fig. 5, table 2) discovered at settlements probably differed in their character. Some probably are the remains of caches – stocks of raw material – this is true both of precores, cores, and blades, and of blade and core tools, frequently heavily worn or substantially damaged. On the other hand, deposits of undamaged tools, frequently with evident traces of utilisation, should be viewed as depots in which tools were stored within dwelling or other structures of the period. The analysed assemblage from Gródek belongs in the latter category, as supported by the debris of pugging lumps co-occurring with the flints, presumably the trace of a decayed construction of a prehistoric structure.

Znaleziska gromadne siekier krzemiennych z Lubelszczyzny

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Libera J.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

2003

vol. LVI

issue 56

45-50

The study of “flint deposits” recorded in Poland bases largely on finds of multiple blades and tools fashioned from them, occasionally discovered in company of tools made in the core technique. A much less common category produce deposits formed by axes only. So far, just three such finds have been registered in the Lublin region and defined as “hoards”: a set recovered during regular excavation (Klementowice), and two deposits originating from random finds (Złojec and Kraśniczyn-Wojciechów). In literature of the subject the deposits from Klementowice and Złojec are being identified with the Funnel Beaker Culture, however, the case of the set from Złojec is somewhat doubtful. The “hoard” contained a square axe (Fig. 1), fully corresponding to the stylistic-metric and weight parameters of similar tools known from the so-called Little Poland industry of the Funnel Beaker Culture, as well as a number of much later forms with a thick lenticular cross-section (Fig. 2, 3). The macrolithic character of the latter, 110–120 mm long specimens evidently makes them incompatible with the group of Neolithic axes. In their largest outline the pieces resemble some of the sickle specimens of the Mierzanowice Culture. Such a substantial chronological span of the collection from Złojec strongly suggests the merging of deposits (either by their finders or the person who turned the finds over to archaeologists), ones presumably originating from different locations. In view of these reservations it is safe to assume that only the two lenticular axes originally formed a single deposit. Culture affiliation of the third set, from Kraśniczyn-Wojciechów, is also problematic, as each axe in this assemblage represents a different form (Fig. 4, 5). Nevertheless, as far as the largest fully finished specimen is concerned, it has close analogies mainly with stone tool manufacture of the Mierzanowice Culture, relatively well evidenced both in the region of Kraśniczyn and in its immediate hinterland. Each of the three flint axe deposits in question may of a different character. The set from Klementowice, consisting of a roughout, a considerably worn specimen and an undetermined piece, was discovered at a Funnel Beaker settlement. Consequently it may represent the remains of a cache deposited inside a prehistoric structure, dwelling or workshop, a stock of material accumulated for later use in tool production. The random finds of finished axes (including the roughout) with lenticular cross-section, from Złojec and Kraśniczyn-Wojciechów, lacking culture context, may equally well represent the remains of household caches or the grave furnishings of destroyed, presumably Mierzanowice Culture, burials

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Nowe znalezisko gromadne krzemiennych narzędzi wiórowych na stanowisku l C w Gródku nad Bugiem

Znaleziska gromadne siekier krzemiennych z Lubelszczyzny