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EN
The General Czechoslovak Exhibition of 1991 was held in Prague Exhibition Grounds in Holešovice from 15 May to 28 October. Under the banner “The World We Want to Live in”, it sought to commemorate the grandiose General Land Centennial Exhibition, which was held in the same venue in 1891. It was also meant to present the state of Czech and Slovak manufacturing, agriculture, environment, arts and style, and attract large audiences from among both the general public and international business. Although the idea of the centennial exhibition had been raised by the previous Communist government, the practical arrangements for it were only implemented in the frantic months following the Velvet Revolution. As this took place at the beginning of the economic and political transformation, the concept of the event, and the funding and organization of it, were affected by the changing economic conditions and new political conflicts and tensions − between the federal, republic and municipal levels of decision-making, and between the interests of public representative bodies and the commercial exploitation of the post-Communist city.
EN
Success in the work of the public administration is a result of the quality of human resources. Increasing efficiency in the management of human resources is based on motivation, and it is an important part of ensuring sustainable development of the municipality and its administration. The paper explores and analyzes the motivation of the staff and managers of municipal administration. It is structured in three parts: theoretical and methodological foundations of motivation, motivation profile and competences; analysis of results of a survey among employees of the municipal administration; summary and conclusions.
EN
Since the creation and application of the borough rights the oath formed an important part of life of urban communities. The very act of oath had initially legitimized the status of the urban community as a collective (the oath taken by whole community to the sovereign) and the status of its highest representatives (councilors oath of office to the sovereign or to his representative) and had been consolidating its internal integrity (oath of newly recruited townspeople). Gradually, within the sources we could meet with the spreading practice of application of oath, especially in the area of administration and self-government, and the oath itself had slowly turned into some secularized and formalized variation of its former form and became a part of the bureaucratic practice. Records of oaths, which are preserved in various types of municipal books, thus provide testimony not only about the transformation and development of mechanisms of functioning of urban community from the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times, but also about the development of values and principles on which the idea of urban community was built. The potential of investigation of this sources lies precisely in the possibility of following the practical and theoretical aspects of life in medieval and early modern city.
EN
Today, the digital revolution has also caught up with the administration. The digitalisation of the (public) administration has strong links to the security issues. Digitalisation could be interpreted as one of the tools for the good governance and it has several challenges, as well. In this article the situation and the challenges on the cybersecurity issues of e-administration services and practice of Hungarian municipalities will be analysed. The challenges and risks are significant, because of the fragmented Hungarian municipal system by which the economic power of the Hungarian municipalities is relatively limited. If we look at the regulation it was focused on the development a horizontally integrated e-administration. Although the acts on this system have been passed in the last years, and the former restrictions of the electronic administration have been eliminated, but the practice of the Hungarian e-administration is partly different. The new, enhanced e-administration resulted new challenges, which was partly solved by the radical nationalisation and centralisation of the former municipally performed tasks. The municipal e-administration systems have been built mainly by the largest municipalities, but their operation could be further developed, and thus the municipal cybersecurity is a developing part of the Hungarian public administration tasks, as well.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2021
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vol. 5
|
issue 1
145-158
EN
Today, the digital revolution has also caught up with the administration. The digitalisation of the (public) administration has strong links to the security issues. Digitalisation could be interpreted as one of the tools for the good governance and it has several challenges, as well. The public administrations, as well, the Hungarian administrative law has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The administrative procedural law has been influenced by the epidemic transformation. However, the rules on e-administration have not been reformed significantly (due to the digitalisation reforms of the last years), but several regulations and mainly the practice of the Hungarian administration has been transformed during the last two years. The pandemic situation had several challenges and opportunities, by which the traditional way of administration has been altered during these two years.
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